scholarly journals Anticoagulant Properties from Marine Algae – A Systemic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1529-1538
Author(s):  
Pandian P ◽  
Srinivasan N
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Padina Tetrastromatica ◽  
Monostroma Nitidum ◽  
Monostroma Angicava ◽  
Sargassum Tenerrimum

The anticoagulants are used to eliminate mainly blood clots. They are offered to patients who are at risk of developing clots, in order to improve their general wellbeing. Anticoagulant namely heparin, has many disadvantages like thrombocytopenia, antithrombin defensives, bleeding disorders and etc. The marine algae are sulphated polysaccharides has many advantages from commercially available anticoagulant which is derived from the animal's sources. The anticoagulant is found in various species of marine algae, mainly from the red, brown and green algae and its determined by various methods, namely APTT, PT, TT, CT. The marine algae species are Padina tetrastromatica, Ulva fasciata, Corallina, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Grateloupia filicina, Ulva rigida, Bursatella leachii, Agardhiella subulate, Turbinaria ornate, Monostroma angicava, Arthrospira platensis, Sargassum tenerrimum, Sargassum wightii, Turbinaria conoides, Lomentaria catenate, Gracilaria debilis, and Monostroma nitidum  are some of the species revealed its anticoagulant properties. The anticoagulant produced by the marine species are compared with standard namely heparin by in vitro and in vivo methods and the review result reveal that the anticoagulant values produced are nearer to the standard and in some species, the value are more than that of standard. The sample are crude extracted one and some samples are isolated from different fraction.

scholarly journals Protective effect of sulphated polysaccharide from Padina tetrastromatica (Dictyotaceae) on thromboembolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Mohsin ◽  
R Mahadevan ◽  
A.S. Sumayya ◽  
G. Muraleedhara Kurup
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Padina Tetrastromatica ◽  
Significant Prolongation

<p>Even though anti thrombotic effects have been reported with polysaccharides isolated from various marine algae of dictyotaceae, containing uronic acid as the main constituent. But a new polysaccharide was isolated from a species of marine algae from the Kerala coast with a composition different from those reported so far. The antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of polysaccharides from <em>Padina tetrastromatica</em> were investigated on platelet aggregation in vitro and on pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. The polysaccharide fractions showed concentration dependent inhibitory effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Using an <em>in vivo </em>mouse thrombotic model in which mice were challenged with an intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine mixture, oral administration of the polysaccharide prior to the injection produced a significant inhibition of thrombotic death or paralysis. Aspirin showed a significant inhibition of thrombotic death similar to polysaccharide of higher dose. Polysaccharide fractions showed significant prolongation of mouse tail bleeding time. The present findings showed clear evidence of protection against thromboembolism and had good antithrombotic activity. Available data obtained by in vitro models suggest that there is a correlation between the sulfate content and antithrombotic activity.</p>

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rh1: A Systematic Review of Its Pharmacological Properties

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Tam ◽  
Duy Truong ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Le Quynh ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Literature Report ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractGinsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Google Scholar, POPLINE, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Upon applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a total of 57 studies for our systemic review. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibited the potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. The cytotoxic effects of ginsenoside Rh1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including estrogenic, enzymatic, anti-microorganism activities, and cardiovascular effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the consistent efficacy of ginsenoside Rh1.

Arthrospira Platensis Mediated Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticlesas Breast Cancer Controlling Agent: In-vitro and In-vivo Safety Approach.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal El Deeb ◽  
Mai A. Abo-Eleneen ◽  
Omyma A. Awad ◽  
Atef M. Abo-Shady
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle (bio-AgNPs) is one of the most fascinating nanomaterials used in the biomedical purposes. In the current study, we biosynthesized AgNPs (bio-AgNPs) using Arthrospira platensis(A-bio-AgNPs), Microcystis aeruginosa(M-bio-AgNPs)and Chlorella vulgaris(C-bio-AgNPs) active metabolites and evaluated their anticancer efficacy against breast cancer. The recovered bio-AgNPs were characterized using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM and TEM) and their safety profiles were monitoring in-vitro on PBMCs cells and in-vivo on Albino mice. The obtained results indicated the safety usage of bio-AgNPs at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml on PBMCs cells and 1.5mg/ml on the Albino mice. The bio-AgNPs displayed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against HepG-2, CaCO-2 and MCF-7 cell lines by inducing ROS and arresting the treated cells in G0/G1 and sub G0 phases. In addition, A-bio-AgNPs induced breast cancer cellular apoptosis by down regulating the expression of survivin, MMP7, TGF and Bcl2 genes. Upon A-bio-AgNPs treatment, a significant reduction in tumor growth and prolonged survival rates were recorded in breast cancer BALB/c model. Furthermore, A-bio-AgNPs treatment significant decreased theKi 67 protein marker from 60% (in the untreated group) to 20% and increased Caspase 3 protein levels to 65% (in treated groups) comparing with 45% (in Doxorubicin treated groups).

scholarly journals The Effects of Adipocytes on the Regulation of Breast Cancer in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Update

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu ◽  
Phuong ◽  
Tien ◽  
Tran ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Breast Cancer Development ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Metabolic Substrates

Obesity is a global pandemic and it is well evident that obesity is associated with the development of many disorders including many cancer types. Breast cancer is one of that associated with a high mortality rate. Adipocytes, a major cellular component in adipose tissue, are dysfunctional during obesity and also known to promote breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunctional adipocytes can release metabolic substrates, adipokines, and cytokines, which promote proliferation, progression, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. The secretion of adipocytes can alter gene expression profile, induce inflammation and hypoxia, as well as inhibit apoptosis. It is known that excessive free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, leptin, interleukins, and chemokines upregulate breast cancer development. Interestingly, adiponectin is the only adipokine that has anti-tumor properties. Moreover, adipocytes are also related to chemotherapeutic resistance, resulting in the poorer outcome of treatment and advanced stages in breast cancer. Evaluation of the adipocyte secretion levels in the circulation can be useful for prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer therapy in the patients. Therefore, understanding about functions of adipocytes as well as obesity in breast cancer may reveal novel targets that support the development of new anti-tumor therapy. In this systemic review, we summarize and update the effects of secreted factors by adipocytes on the regulation of breast cancer in the tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Marine Algae Metabolites as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Besednova ◽  
Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva ◽  
Tatyana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Ilona D. Makarenkova ◽  
Tatyana P. Smolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Natural Immunity

This review presents an analysis of works devoted to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of algae metabolites—sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans, carrageenans), lectins, laminarans, and polyphenols. Despite the presence of a significant number of antiretroviral drugs, the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic agents against this infection remains very urgent problem. This is due to the variability of HIV, the absence of an animal model (except monkeys) and natural immunity to this virus and the toxicity of therapeutic agents and their high cost. In this regard, the need for new therapeutic approaches and broad-spectrum drugs, which in addition to antiviral effects can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, and to which the minimum resistance of HIV strains would be formed. These requirements meet the biologically active substances of marine algae. The results of experimental and clinical studies conducted in vitro and in vivo are presented, and the issues of the anti-HIV activity of these compounds are considered depending on their structural features. On the whole, the presented data prove the high efficiency of seaweed metabolites and justify the possibility of their use as a potential basis for the development of new drugs with a wide spectrum of activity.

Association of Phytol with Toxic and Cytotoxic Activities in an Antitumoral Perspective: A Meta-Analysis and Systemic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 1828-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus V.O.B. Alencar ◽  
Muhammad T. Islam ◽  
Eunus S. Ali ◽  
José V.O. Santos ◽  
Márcia F.C.J. Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Background: Phytol have various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumoral, antimutagenic, anti-atherogenic, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antispasmodic, antiepileptic, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and immunoadjuvant. Several studies point to an association of phytol with implications for apoptosis and necrosis at cellular levels in cancer, yet no clear conclusions were drawn. Method: To clarify this, we conducted a meta-analysis of non-clinical studies of phytol and its associations with toxicity and cytotoxicity emphasizing the mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis induction and its importance in tumor therapy. Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed and Web of Science. The association between phytol and cyto-/toxicity was assessed by odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twentythree studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. A significant association between phytol and toxicity (OR: 1.47; 95% CI = 0.86–2.48) was found among in vivo studies and cytotoxicity (OR: 1.81; 95% CI = 1.12– 2.65, p<0.05) in in vitro and ex vivo studies. In in vitro studies, 24% of them indicate that phytol at high doses induces apoptosis by several mechanisms; while about 40% of ex vivo studies indicate that phytol induces reactive oxygen species generation. But, Phytol does not act as a direct oxidant, unlike its metabolite phytanic acid. The 24% of in vivo studies also highlighted the mechanisms for apoptosis-like including expression of Bcl2 protein or mutations in pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Of them, 8% studies show necrosis and hepatotoxicity. However, in 24% of the articles, the mechanisms of toxicity and cytotoxicity are still not well elucidated. Conclusion: This study confirms that the association between phytol and cyto-/toxicity depends on the dose/concentration used in the given experimental conditions. Thus, there are still great prospects for new research aimed at the use of phytol and its metabolite as anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Properties in Vitro and in Vivo of a Novel Sulfated Polysaccharide from Marine Green Alga Monostroma nitidum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujian Cao ◽  
Xiaoxi He ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Meijia He ◽  
Yajing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Carotid Artery Thrombosis ◽  
Artery Thrombosis ◽  
Monostroma Nitidum ◽  
Marine Green Alga

Sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae have high potential as promising candidates for marine drug development. In this study, a homogeneous sulfated polysaccharide from the marine green alga Monostroma nitidum, designated MS-1, was isolated using water extraction and anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that MS-1 mainly consisted of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ residues, with additional branches consisting of 4-linked β-d-xylose, 4-/6-linked d-glucose, terminal β-d-glucuronic acid, and 3-/2-linked α-l-rhamnose. Sulfate ester groups substituted mainly at C-2/C-4 of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-4 of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ residues, slightly at C-2 of terminal β-d-glucuronic residues. MS-1 exhibited strong anticoagulant activity in vitro and in vivo as evaluated by the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays, and significantly decreased platelet aggregation. The anticoagulant activity mechanism of MS-1 was mainly attributed to strong potentiation thrombin by heparin cofactor-II, and it also hastened thrombin and coagulation factor Xa inhibitions by potentiating antithrombin-III. MS-1 possessed markedly thrombolytic activity evaluated by plasminogen activator inhibitior-1, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer levels using rats plasma, and recanalization rate by FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis in mice. MS-1 exhibited strong antithrombotic activity in vitro and in vivo evaluated by the wet weighs and lengths of thrombus, and thrombus occlusion time by electrically-induced carotid artery thrombosis in rats. These results suggested that MS-1 could be a promising marine drug for prevention and therapy of thromboembolic disease.

scholarly journals Change in Viability and Function of Pancreatic Islets after Coculture with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Li ◽  
Hongxin Lang ◽  
Baifeng Li ◽  
Chengshuo Zhang ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Islet Function ◽  
Clinical Islet Transplantation

Background. There is no clear consensus on the effect of coculture of islets with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on islet function and viability. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to evaluate the effect of coculture of islets with MSCs on the function and viability of islets, both in vitro and in vivo. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for all relevant studies that compared the effect of coculture of islets with MSCs on the function and viability of islets (language of publication: English; reference period: January 2000–May 2019). Data pertaining to islet function and viability, concentrations of some cytokines, and in vivo experimental outcomes were extracted and compared. Results. Twenty-four articles were included in the meta-analysis. In comparison to islets cultured alone, coculture of islets with MSCs was associated with a significantly higher islet viability [weighted mean difference (WMD), -15.59; -22.34 to -8.83; P<0.00001], insulin level (WMD, -5.74; -9.29 to -2.19; P=0.002), insulin secretion index (WMD, -2.45; -3.70 to -1.21; P=0.0001), and higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (WMD, -1225.66; -2044.47 to -406.86; P=0.003) and vascular endothelial growth factor (WMD, -1.19; -2.25 to -0.14; P=0.03). Direct coculture of islets and MSCs significantly increased islet viability (WMD, -19.82; -26.56 to -13.07; P<0.00001). In the in vivo experiments, coculture of islets with MSCs induced lower fasting blood glucose level (on postoperative days 21 and 28, WMD, 102.60; 27.14 to 178.05; P=0.008 and WMD, 121.19; 49.56 to 192.82; P=0.0009) and better glucose tolerance (blood glucose at 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of glucose, WMD, 85.92; 5.33 to 166.51; P=0.04). Conclusion. Coculture of islets with MSCs improves insulin secretory function of islets and enhances islet viability. Direct coculture of two cells significantly increased islet viability. MSC-based strategy may be beneficial for clinical islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes in the future.

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