scholarly journals COMPARATIVE FRAMES ANALYSIS IN INSTITUTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS: PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
Наталья Александровна Шапиро ◽  
Мария Юрьевна Курганская
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oriented Approach

Цель исследования состоит в практической актуализации концепции новой поведенческой экономики, потому что практико-ориентированная направленность новой поведенческой экономики, по мнению её автора Р. Талера, ориентирована на принятие решений в сложных, редких, с недостаточной связью ситуациях, где последствия отложены, а результаты не определяемы. Пандемия covid-19 является тем фактором, который сделал последствия применения большинства известных экономических стратегий и мер регулирования слабо предсказуемыми по времени и содержанию. В качестве метода обоснования практической актуализации новой поведенческой экономики взят сравнительный анализ поведенческих концепций новой институциональной и поведенческой экономики с гипотезой рационального поведения ортодоксальной неоклассики и критика этой гипотезы в теориях новой институциональной и поведенческой экономики. Принципиальное разграничение концепций видится во фрейме (специальный термин новой поведенческой экономики), учете в нем влияния, оказываемого на решения, которые принимают экономические субъекты-индивидуумы. Констатация отличий в трактовках экономического поведения приводит авторов статьи к выводу о важности применения методов подталкивания в условиях неопределенности. Акцент на индивидуальном поведении субъектов, как правило, оправдан, а исследование актуально, когда институциональная структура экономики и традиционные макроэкономические инструменты утрачивают свою продуктивность в связи с ростом неопределенности, вызванным, как в настоящее время, пандемией covid-19. The purpose of the study is to practically actualize the concept of a new behavioral economy as the practice-oriented approach of the new behavioral economy is focused on making decisions in difficult and rare situations with insufficient communication, when the consequences are postponed, and the results can’t be detected (according to its author R. Thaler). The covid-19 pandemic as the factor has made poorly predictable the impact of most of the known economic policies and control measures in terms of time and content. The author uses the comparative analysis of the behavioral concepts of the new institutional and behavioral economics with the hypothesis of rational behavior of orthodox neoclassicism and the theories of the new institutional and behavioral economics as a method to argue the practical relevance of the new behavioral economics. The fundamental differentiation of concepts is seen in the term of frame (a special term of the new behavioral economy), that includes the influence on the decisions made by economic subjects - individuals. The statement of the differences in the interpretations of economic behavior makes the authors of the article conclude that it is important to apply the methods of nudge while dealing with the conditions of uncertainty. Paying attention to the individual behavior of the subjects is mostly adequate and the study is relevant when the institutional structure of the economy and traditional macroeconomic instruments lose their productivity because of the growing uncertainty like today during the covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Tourism Impacts, Tourism-Phobia and Gentrification in Historic Centers: The Cases of Málaga (Spain) and Gdansk (Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida-García ◽  
Rafael Cortés-Macías ◽  
Krzysztof Parzych
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Tourist Accommodation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Characteristics

This study analyzes the role of residents in urban tourist destinations affected by the increase in tourist flows, which have generated various problems such as tourism, gentrification and the emergence of tourism as a threat to residents. The role of residents in tourist destinations has not been analyzed regularly during the development process of destinations. We study two cases of historic centers in European cities, with the aim of comparing tourism problems, which are common to most European urban destinations. This study was conducted by administering surveys amongst residents of these historic centers (378 in Málaga, Spain, and 380 in Gdansk, Poland). These cities show a similar demographic size and urban characteristics. This is the first comparative research on tourism-phobia and gentrification in destinations, a field of analysis that is still not studied much. We develop specific scales to measure gentrification and tourism-phobia; moreover, we study the impact of some tourist problems that affect residents (noise, dirt, occupation of public spaces, etc.), and we show the spatial distribution of tourism-phobia. The same analysis instruments are used for both cities. The results of this study show that the tourism-phobia situation is different in the analyzed destinations. It is more intense in the case of Málaga than in Gdansk. The two historic centers are especially affected by the processes of increased tourist flows and the growth of new forms of tourist accommodation. The research results show that the residents’ annoyance caused by tourism gentrification is more intense than tourism-phobia. Both case studies highlight the residents’ complaints regarding the inadequate management of problems by public stakeholders and control measures.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yihang Li ◽  
Liyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.

scholarly journals Collaboration: the key to investigations of emerging and re-emerging diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Hatch ◽  
Imam Z. Imam
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Countries need teams of well trained epidemiologists with extensive field experience to work with clinicians and laboratory scientists to conduct prompt and effective outbreak investigations of epidemics. To identify these outbreaks of possible emerging or re-emerging problems, existing surveillance must be strengthened and the quality of data validated routinely. In addition, ministry of health officials and international agencies need an open, collaborative, scientific work environment. The best environment to design effective interventions and control measures to limit the impact of these newly identified problems on the public’s health is one of cooperation and collaboration

scholarly journals Impact of the Inflow Population From Outbreak Areas on the COVID-19 Epidemic in Yunnan Province and the Recommended Control Measures: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Sun ◽  
Guozhong He ◽  
Ninghao Huang ◽  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
Shuwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Outbreak Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: COVID-19 developed into a global pandemic in 2020 and poses challenges regarding the prevention and control capabilities of countries. A large number of inbound travelers from other regions could lead to a renewed outbreak of COVID-19 in the local regions. Globally, as a result of the imbalance in the control of the epidemic, all countries are facing the risk of a renewed COVID-19 outbreak brought about by travelers from epidemic areas. Therefore, studies on a proper management of the inbound travelers are urgent.Methods: We collected a total of 4,733,414 inbound travelers and 174 COVID-19 diagnosed patients in Yunnan province from 21 January 2020 to 20 February 2020. Data on place of origin, travel history, age, and gender, as well as whether they had suspected clinical manifestations for inbound travelers in Yunnan were collected. The impact of inbound travelers on the local epidemic was analyzed with a collinear statistical analysis and the effect of the control measures on the epidemic was evaluated with a sophisticated modeling approach.Results: Of the 174 COVID-19 patients, 60.9% were not from Yunnan, and 76.4% had a history of travel in Hubei. The amount of new daily cases in Yunnan was significant correlated with the number of inbound travelers from Hubei and suspected cases among them. Using Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) model analysis, we found that the prevention and control measures dropped the local R0 down to 1.07 in Yunnan province.Conclusions: Our preliminary analysis showed that the proper management of inbound travelers from outbreak areas has a significantly positive effect on the prevention and control of the virus. In the process of resettlement, some effective measures taken by Yunnan province may provide an important reference for preventing the renewed COVID-19 outbreak in other regions.

scholarly journals Economics of Cogongrass Control in Slash Pine Forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (s1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki R.R. Alavalapati ◽  
Shibu Jose ◽  
George A. Stainback ◽  
Jagannadha R. Matta ◽  
Douglas R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Dynamic Optimization Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive weed, is a threat to slash pine forests. Using a dynamic optimization model, we estimated the impact of cogongrass on the profitability of slash pine forestry under four scenarios: no threat of cogongrass infestation; infestation is uncertain, and no control measures are taken; infestation is uncertain, but control measures are undertaken by one landowner but not the neighbors; and infestation is uncertain, and control measures are undertaken by everyone. Results indicate that annual net returns per acre under each scenario, respectively, are $25.30, $16.97, $13.89, and $17.38. Results suggest fostering a cooperative behavior among landowners is desirable.

An Analysis about Wind Farm Construction Based on the Perspective of the Development of Ecological Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 619-621
Author(s):  
Zi Wei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Advantages of wind power are self-evident, but the impact of wind power project on the local ecological environment and natural landscape is also increasingly subject to public attention. It mainly reflects in the visual pollution of the wind turbine (or natural landscape problems), noise, bird safety and electromagnetic interference. The paper analyzed the impact of wind farms on the environment, and recommended appropriate preventions and control measures to reduce it to an acceptable level.

The Effectiveness of the Attention Training Technique in Reducing Intrusive Thoughts in Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Levaux ◽  
Frank Larøi ◽  
Isabelle Offerlin-Meyer ◽  
Jean-Marie Danion ◽  
Martial Van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Attention Training ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the attention training technique (ATT) on the frequency of intrusive thoughts experienced by a person with schizophrenia in her daily life. The attentional procedure was designed to attenuate self-focused attention and to reinforce attentional control and consisted of auditory external exercises. Homework practice was included to promote transfer to everyday life. The efficacy and specificity of the ATT were assessed with cognitive, functional, and control measures. The impact of ATT on symptomatology, work functioning, and self-esteem was also measured. Postrehabilitation results showed that, after nine training sessions, there was a reduction in intrusive thoughts for the cognitive and ecological outcome measures. Selective attention, attention switching, and resistance to distractive interference specifically improved. The person reported a reduction in intrusive thoughts in her daily life. In addition, positive symptoms decreased. Finally, a 6-month follow-up assessment revealed the maintenance of most of the beneficial effects in daily life.

scholarly journals The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz U.G. Kraemer ◽  
Chia-Hung Yang ◽  
Bernardo Gutierrez ◽  
Chieh-Hsi Wu ◽  
Brennan Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
State Interventions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions are underway currently to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, have affected COVID-19 spread in China. We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was well explained by human mobility data. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases are still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China have substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Nosema ceranae in Honeybee Apis mellifera L. from Romania Status on pathogen worldwide distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3761-3772
Author(s):  
Narcisa Mederle ◽  
Maria Luisa Lobo ◽  
Sorin Morariu ◽  
Florica Morariu ◽  
Gheorghe Darabus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emergent Pathogen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nosema Infection

Until now, in Romania, a country in southeastern Europe located on the Balkans Peninsula, information regarding the status on A. mellifera honey bee infection by Nosema spp. has not been published. The aims of the present study were to survey the occurrence and identification of Nosema spp. in A. mellifera honeybee colonies from 37 apiaries located in Arad, Caras-Severin and Timis Counties, Romania. Also, based on published literature an update on the distribution of N. ceranae infection among A. mellifera colonies worldwide was performed. Overall, a frequency of 55.1% (389/690) of Nosema infection was observed in the analyzed regions (ranging from 52% to 66%), by light microscopy. By PCR and DNA sequencing, N. ceranae was the only microsporidia identified. Nosema ceranae is clearly a novel, emergent pathogen of A.mellifera with potentially very serious effects on the individual and honeybee�s colonies in Romania. Data obtained provide new and important information on N. ceranae geographic prevalence and distribution, and on its impact at colony level and/or its role in colony losses. The present study intends to contribute to highlight the importance of implementing prevention, treatment and control measures of honeybee nosemosis, in Romania.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Study on the Impact of the Prevention and Control Response of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Orthopedic Trauma in Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Qian ◽  
Yiming Zheng ◽  
Junrong Meng ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Dahui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Radial Head ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Open Injuries ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The Chinese government has taken strong prevention and control measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, and has achieved phased victory in the fight against it. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to study the influence of governmental prevention and control response on orthopedic trauma in children.Methods: We collected and reviewed data on orthopedic trauma from the first half of 2018, 2019, and 2020. The data were divided according to the time of prevention and control response level in 2020. By comparing the relevant data from orthopedic emergency and operating rooms from the past three years, the influence of governmental pandemic prevention measures on orthopedic trauma in children was analyzed. Results: A total of 36301 children were included in the study cohort. Before the prevention and control response, the data of the orthopedic emergency department in 2020 was the same as the previous two years. Under the first-level response, the number of fractures, open injuries, radial head subluxation, and surgery were significantly reduced, and the severity of patients with surgery was also significantly reduced. Under the second-level response, the number of operations began to increase, and the severity of the disease also began to rise. Under the third-level response control, the number of fractures, open injuries, and operations have returned to the levels of the previous two years. The severity of the operation has also returned to its previous level. The number of subluxations of the radial head is still different from before.Conclusion: The pandemic of COVID-19 has affected the social activities of Shanghai residents and reduced the incidence of orthopedic trauma in children. With the control of the pandemic, the living conditions of Shanghai residents have basically recovered.Level of Evidence: Retrospective study Level II

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