CoVID -19 - A Global Exploratory Study on the Incidence Rates

SUMMARYWe investigated the relationship between epidemics and soil radiation through an exploratory study using sentinel surveillance data (individuals aged <20 years) during the last three epidemic seasons of influenza and norovirus in Japan. We used a spatial analysis method of a geographical information system (GIS). We mapped the epidemic spreading patterns from sentinel incidence rates. We calculated the average soil radiation [dm(μGy/h)] for each sentinel site using data on uranium, thorium, and potassium oxide in the soil and examined the incidence rate in units of 0·01μGy/h. The correlations between the incidence rate and the average soil radiation were assessed. Epidemic clusters of influenza and norovirus infections were observed in areas with relatively high radiation exposure. A positive correlation was detected between the average incidence rate and radiation dose, atr= 0·61–0·84 (P< 0·01) for influenza infections andr= 0·61–0·72 (P< 0·01) for norovirus infections. An increase in the incidence rate was found between areas with radiation exposure of 0 <dm< 0·01 and 0·15 ⩽dm< 0·16, at 1·80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·47–2·12] times higher for influenza infection and 2·07 (95% CI 1·53–2·61) times higher for norovirus infection. Our results suggest a potential association between decreased immunity and irradiation because of soil radiation. Further studies on immunity in these epidemic-prone areas are desirable.

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Incidence of pressure ulcer in regional hospitals of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s1983-14472010000400012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 693-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Idevânia Geraldina Costa

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

International Studies ◽

Multiprofessional Team ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Regional Hospitals

This quantitative, descriptive exploratory study aimed at investigating the incidence of pressure ulcer in three regional hospitals of Mato Grosso, Brazil, describing the date demographics and characteristics of pressure ulcers (PU). The data were collected through the evaluation of the patient's skin and by consulting records. The sample consisted of 65 patients with psycal imobility evaluated for three consecutive months. The pressure ulcer incidence in the hospitals ranged between 25% and 66,6%. The ulcers were found mainly in the sacrococcigeal (73,7%) and heel regions (31,6%). The developmental stages of the ulcers were, mainly, stage I (44,7%) and stage II (55,3%), and PU was not detected in other stages. It was concluded that the incidence of PU in these hospitals was high, when compared to the incidence rates of other national and international studies, pointing to the need for the involvement of a multiprofessional team for the implementation of effective preventive measures.

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A hospital clerkship program for dental students: an exploratory study

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1969.33.2.tb00173.x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 224-229

Author(s):

EA Stuebner ◽

RP Johnson

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Dental Students

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Classifying Disfluencies in Preschool- and School-Age Spanish–English Bilinguals Who Do Not Stutter: An Exploratory Study

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 119-130

Author(s):

Raúl Rojas ◽

Farzan Irani

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Bilingual Children ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Narrative Production ◽

Language Measures ◽

Mean Length Of Utterance

Purpose This exploratory study examined the language skills and the type and frequency of disfluencies in the spoken narrative production of Spanish–English bilingual children who do not stutter. Method A cross-sectional sample of 29 bilingual students (16 boys and 13 girls) enrolled in grades prekindergarten through Grade 4 produced a total of 58 narrative retell language samples in English and Spanish. Key outcome measures in each language included the percentage of normal (%ND) and stuttering-like (%SLD) disfluencies, percentage of words in mazes (%MzWds), number of total words, number of different words, and mean length of utterance in words. Results Cross-linguistic, pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences with medium effect sizes for %ND and %MzWds (both lower for English) as well as for number of different words (lower for Spanish). On average, the total percentage of mazed words was higher than 10% in both languages, a pattern driven primarily by %ND; %SLDs were below 1% in both languages. Multiple linear regression models for %ND and %SLD in each language indicated that %MzWds was the primary predictor across languages beyond other language measures and demographic variables. Conclusions The findings extend the evidence base with regard to the frequency and type of disfluencies that can be expected in bilingual children who do not stutter in grades prekindergarten to Grade 4. The data indicate that %MzWds and %ND can similarly index the normal disfluencies of bilingual children during narrative production. The potential clinical implications of the findings from this study are discussed.

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