scholarly journals Study on the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in community clinic in Uttar Pradesh state

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Suresh Chandra ◽  
Mohd. Adil Khan ◽  
Anand Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Poor Patient Compliance ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Objective: The diabetes mellitus is most common diseases. Which are spread all over the world. At they  are change in modified in life style disease  in this study where the prescribe drugs while using in the diagnostic and treatment of diabetes mellitus .the most commonly use drugs Sitagliptin +Metfomin in the community clinic in U.P. In the survey which are found to be the prescription pattern in Jajmau (Kanpur, U.P.) areas the most common drug which are running Sitagliptin + Metformin the survey which are randomly collect the prescription there are many variation in prescribing pattern of diabetes mellitus .the prescribing pattern is most strong tools to role of drug use in the society which are treat the DM during medication follow the proscription pattern of the drugs. There is need for appropriate safe &effective treatment and economical study to find out the pattern of drug therapy among DM.Methods: In this study the method randomized and non randomized study design was conducted in October 2016 – November 2016 community clinic in U.P. this study found to the date which group gender in fasting blood sugar various classes of drugs analyzed them.Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this one month’s study. All the patients had Type 2 diabetes. Metformin is the drug of choice and Sitagliptin is the most preferred combination with Metformin.Conclusions:Insulin was not preferred as mono-therapy. Despite combination therapy, the postprandial glucose levels were not in range–suggesting either poor patient compliance or inadequate dosing/inappropriate therapy. In addition to drugs, the services of a clinical pharmacist might be helpful in these patients. Metformin is the drug of choice and Sitagliptin is the most preferred combination with Metformin. 

Association of Acrochordons with Diabetes Mellitus - A Hospital based Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Sunita Karki ◽  
Anjan Rai ◽  
Manish Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Skin Tags ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Acrochordons or skin tags are common benign cutaneous tumors that occur especially over the neck and major flexures. A possible association between diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia is observed in numerous past studies with varying results. We aim to find out the association of diabetes mellitus with acrochordons Methods: One hundred patients were enrolled in our study. Among them, 50 (27 males and 23 females) with skin tags were selected as cases and 50 with other dermatologic diseases after matching age and gender were taken as controls. Blood glucose levels including both fasting and postprandial glucose levels were determined for both cases and controls and compared. Results: There was a higher frequency of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with skin tags in comparison to controls (p<0.001). Moreover, there were higher odds of acquiring skin tags in patient with abnormal blood glucose levels. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of developing DM in patients with skin tags. It is highly recommended that suspicion for Diabetes Mellitus is to be done in patients with skin tags for early screening and diagnosis of Diabetes.

Hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1849-1861
Author(s):  
Pratik Choudhary ◽  
Stephanie A. Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Brain

Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose concentration) is the most important acute complication of the pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus. Low blood glucose impairs brain (and, potentially, cardiac) function. The brain has minimal endogenous stores of energy, with small amounts of glycogen in astroglial cells. The brain is therefore largely dependent on circulating glucose as the substrate to fuel cerebral metabolism and support cognitive performance. If blood glucose levels fall sufficiently, cognitive dysfunction is inevitable. In health, efficient glucose sensing and counterregulatory mechanisms exist to prevent clinically significant hypoglycaemia. These are impaired by diabetes and by its therapies. Patients with diabetes rank fear of hypoglycaemia as highly as fear of chronic complications such as nephropathy or retinopathy (1). Fear of hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia itself and attempts to avoid hypoglycaemia limit the degree to which glycaemic control can be intensified to reduce the risk of chronic complications of diabetes both for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Increasing the protein quantity in a meal results in dose-dependent effects on postprandial glucose levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Paterson ◽  
C. E. M. Smart ◽  
P. E. Lopez ◽  
P. Howley ◽  
P. McElduff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Influence of Diabetogenic Factors on Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Author(s):  
Yuan-Tung Chang ◽  
Chung-Ze Wu ◽  
Chang-Hsun Hsieh ◽  
Jin-Biou Chang ◽  
Yao-Jen Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

PTP1b Inhibition, A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Diabetes Type II

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phaedra Eleftheriou ◽  
Athina Geronikaki ◽  
Anthi Petrou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Ptp1b Inhibitors

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. The main types of diabetes mellitus are Diabetes mellitus type I, Diabetes mellitus type II, gestational diabetes and Diabetes of other etiology. Diabetes type II, the Non Insulin Dependent Type (NIDDM) is the most common type, characterized by the impairment in activation of the intracellular mechanism leading to the insertion and usage of glucose after interaction of insulin with its receptor, known as insulin resistance. Although, a number of drugs have been developed for the treatment of diabetes type II, their ability to reduce blood glucose levels is limited, while several side effects are also observed. Furthermore, none of the market drugs targets the enhancement of the action of the intracellular part of insulin receptor or recuperation of the glucose transport mechanism in GLUT4 dependent cells. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) is the main enzyme involved in insulin receptor desensitization and has become a drug target for the treatment of Diabetes type II. Several PTP1b inhibitors have already been found, interacting with the binding site of the enzyme, surrounding the catalytic amino acid Cys215 and the neighboring area or with the allosteric site of the enzyme, placed at a distance of 20 Å from the active site, around Phe280. However, the research continues for finding more potent inhibitors with increased cell permeability and specificity. Objective: The aim of this review is to show the attempts made in developing of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) inhibitors with high potency, selectivity and bioavailability and to sum up the indications for favorable structural characteristics of effective PTP1b inhibitors. Methods: The methods used include a literature survey and the use of Protein Structure Databanks such as PuBMed Structure and RCSB and the tools they provide. Conclusion: The research for finding PTP1b inhibitors started with the design of molecules mimicking the Tyrosine substrate of the enzyme. The study revealed that an aromatic ring connected to a polar group, which preferably enables hydrogen bond formation, is the minimum requirement for small inhibitors binding to the active site surrounding Cys215. Molecules bearing two hydrogen bond donor/acceptor (Hb d/a) groups at a distance of 8.5-11.5 Å may form more stable complexes, interacting simultaneously with a secondary area A2. Longer molecules with two Hb d/a groups at a distance of 17 Å or 19 Å may enable additional interactions with secondary sites (B and C) that confer stability as well as specificity. An aromatic ring linked to polar or Hb d/a moieties is also required for allosteric inhibitors. A lower distance between Hb d/a moieties, around 7.5 Å may favor allosteric interaction. Permanent inhibition of the enzyme by oxidation of the catalytic Cys215 has also been referred. Moreover, covalent modification of Cys121, placed near but not inside the catalytic pocket has been associated with permanent inhibition of the enzyme.

An Overview on Anti Diabetic Drugs and Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s major diseases and is the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer. In the India, about 2–6% population suffer from diabetes or related complication. Anti-diabetic drugs treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in the blood. Mostly anti-diabetic drugs are administered orally except the insulin, exenatide, and pramlintide. There are different types of anti-diabetic drugs, and their selection depends on the nature of the diabetes, age and situation of the person, and many other factors. Treatments include the agents which increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, or increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, and agents which decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. People are mainly focused on insulin, insulin analogues, oral hypoglycemic agents and various other complementary and alternate medicines to control the blood glucose levels in diabetes. The present review summarizes in brief about the drugs used for treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Fuzzy Based Automatic Insulin Injector Simulation Aided by Online Doctor Consultation Using LabVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 1990-1995
Author(s):  
K.A. Sunitha ◽  
N.Senthil Kumar ◽  
K. Prema ◽  
G.Sai Deepthi ◽  
Jennifer Elizabeth Belinda.E
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Extreme Care ◽  
Web Publishing

Diabetes mellitus is a disease which needs constant and continued attention. The treatment of diabetes is patient specific and extreme care and caution is necessary for effective monitoring. The amount of insulin to be given to patients should be exact to their needs for obtaining the best results. The proposed system calculates the insulin required by using patient blood glucose levels and weight using fuzzy analysis. This quantity of insulin can be delivered to the patient using an insulin pump. The process has been simulated in LabVIEW. The insulin levels can be sent to the doctor by online access. It has been implemented and tested using each of the three different protocols web publishing, TCP-IP and datasocket connections separately. The doctor can advise further treatment and also suggest changes to the insulin quantity according to current glucose levels. The patient can also post questions for doctor consultation.

scholarly journals Dopaminergic agonist bromocriptin in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
O A Gerasimenko ◽  
E Pigarova ◽  
L K Dzeranova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Bromocriptine is a sympatholytic agonist of dopamine receptors, which is now proposed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In animal studies bromocriptine elevates the decreased levels of dopamine in hypothalamus and blocks excessive sympathetic innervations in central nervous system that results in decrease of postprandial glucose. Bromocriptine decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin secretion and muscle insulin sensitivity. This article reviews experimental and clinical data on the use of bromocriptine for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals A Review on Anti-diabetic Activity of Medicinal Spices

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya P ◽  
Lavanya Krishnadhas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder in which the human body does not produce insulin hormone, this leads to the increase in blood glucose levels. Diabetes infects more than 387 million individuals globally, posing a significant threat to both personal well-being and global economies. Normally, medicinal plants are highly used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus but some spices also have the efficiency to treat diabetes. Still, spices which we are using as ingredients plays important role in foods also have the ability to treat diabetes. This article describes the anti-diabetic activity of those medicinal spices.

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