scholarly journals New Data on Landscape Distribution of Ants of the Genus Myrmica Latr. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Baikal Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
I. A. Antonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Myrmica Ants ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mountain West ◽  
Landscape Distribution

Ants of the genus Myrmica Latr. are one of the abundant insects in many ecosystems of the Baikal region. Information on their landscape distribution is of great theoretical and practical value because Myrmica ants have important functions in the terrestrial ecosystems. The ants had been collected in the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia from 2002 to 2011. The method of route survey with a strip width of 2 m was used. Garmin GPS 12 was used to register the geographical coordinates of the locations of the ants' nests. The collected ant specimens were fixed and stored in 1.5 ml Eppendorf microtubes filled with 95% ethanol. In total 151 nest samples were investigated. All material used in this study is stored in the entomological collection of the Core Facilities Center “Bioresource Center” at the Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia). The analysis was carried out by means of GIS technology. The published map "Landscapes of the south of East Siberia" was the basis for this analysis. The V.B. Sochava’s methodical developments in the field of landscape studies were used. The main mapping units were geomes. Determination of the landscape distribution of ants was conducted by SQL-queries using a vector landscape layer and a point vector layer of the locations of the nests of ants. 14 species were identified during data processing. It has been found that the nests of ants were located within 15 geomes. M. angulinodis and M. ruginodis are the most common ants of the genus Myrmica in the Baikal region. The most of M. angulinodis nests (32.5%) were recorded in mountain taiga larch forests of limited development and the most of M. ruginodis nests (48.6%) are in the foothill subtaiga pine forests. The largest species number was recorded in the foothill subtaiga pine forests (six species) and the mountain west-transbaikalia geosystems of daurian type (five species). A more detailed picture of the landscape distribution of Myrmica ants was obtained in comparison with previous works. The obtained data on the landscape distribution of ants were in good agreement with field and literary data.

scholarly journals Problems of the Buryat society of the late XIX – early XX centuries (based on archival materials of the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk Region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Larisa Khingeeva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
The Republic

In the late XIX – early XX centuries, the Buryat people were struggling to survive due to numerous social problems that had accumulated over time. The absence of basic sanitation, low cultural level and moral standards, widespread alcoholism led to mass infectious diseases and issues in reproductive health. The established menacing situation is described by the researchers, medical personnel, and representatives of the European academic science, who worked in the Baikal Region at that time. The goal of this article consists in giving an outlook on the situation from the perspective of Buryat society. The research employs the analysis of previously unpublished materials stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and State Archive of the Irkutsk Region. This article is first to publish the notes of the little-known Buryat researcher Mangutkhan Malasagaev. He lived his entire life in the Baikal Region, was engaged in the traditional peasant activities, and thus can be considered a true representative of the Buryat people. His elementary education and lively analytical mind allowed him keeping records of his own observations, and thus leaving a range of manuscripts that describe and analyze various aspects of life of the Buryat people. The article presents his observations on social problems of the Buryat society.

Forest Fire Danger Assessment Using Meteorological Trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimazhap Bayarzhapovich Badmaev ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Bazarov ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Sychev
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Large River ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Coastal Climate ◽  
Middle Mountains ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Forest Fire Danger ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Previous Summer

The chapter presents the results of research in the Republic of Buryatia, where the number and area of fires have increased over the past 20 years due to the rise in temperature and aridity. Most of the fires are registered in the large river valleys where pine forests are formed, which have low soil moisture capacity. Fewer fires occurred on the Eastern Sayans, Khamar-Daban ridges, and the Stanovoye Highlands, where the precipitation maximum falls. A correlation analysis was carried out between meteorological parameters and fires in climate-contrasting forests. The lack of precipitation at the end of the previous summer, combined with the hot and dry spring weather of the current year, have a significant impact on fires in the arid ecosystems of the Transbaikal middle mountains. In the humid coastal climate of the Eastern Baikal region, the high temperature of the air determines the fires, but there is no precipitation.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ONION ANGULAR (ALLIUM ANGULOSUM L.), GROWING IN THE BAIKAL REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Bayana Anatol'yevna Bazhenova ◽  
Raisa Alexandrovna Yegorova ◽  
Yulia Yurievna Zabaluyeva ◽  
Anastasia Galimzyanovna Burkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pork Fat

The article presents data on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the organs of onion angular (Allium angulosum L.), growing in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. Allium angulosum L. has in its composition biologically active compounds, including those with antioxidant properties, which indicates a high potential and prospects for the use of this plant for food purposes. The aim of the work was to assess the chemical composition and total content of antioxidants in dried samples of leaves and stems of onion angular (Allium angulosum L.), growing in different conditions of the Baikal region. The study of carbon and nitrogen in different plant organs revealed that the carbon content is higher in stems, nitrogen in the leaves in all samples of onion angular, grown in different conditions. It is noted that in the organs of Allium angulosum L., growing on typical cold black earth, the content of the studied elements is higher in comparison with their content in other experimental samples. It was revealed that the stems and leaves of angular onions accumulate in their composition trace elements K, Na, Li, Mg, Ca. The study of the total content of antioxidants indicated that leaf extracts have in their composition more antioxidants than stems, regardless of the place of growth. The high content of antioxidants in Allium angulosum L. provides inhibition of oxidative processes in the storage of pork fat, which introduced crushed dried leaves of Allium angulosum L.

Vegetation of sandy coasts of Lake Baikal

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Тю Фю Dulepova
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Relief Formation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

The aeolian processes play an important role in the relief formation under the semiarid conditions of the intermountain basins of Southern Siberia. Ancient sand landforms occur in different regions of Siberia — the Ob, Chuya, Аley, Yenisei, Аngara, Selenga, Chikoy, Khilok and Chara river valleys and Lake Baikal coasts. The sandy coasts of Lake Baikal are of great interest in terms of floristic diversity determined by a high degree of endemism. Despite centuries of study of the lake basin, sand vegetation is poorly described in the literature. This study presents an analysis of 184 relevés of psammophytic vegetation from the Republic of Buryatia (Severobaikalsky, Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky districts) and Irkutsk region (Olkhon Island) obtained in 2009–2014.

LANDSCAPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WILLOW TIT (PARUSMONTANUS, CONRADVONBALDENSTEIN, 1827) IN SOUTH BAIKAL IN NEST PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(56)) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Glyizina ◽  
F.S. Safonov ◽  
V.O. Salovarov
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Parus Montanus ◽  
Willow Tit ◽  
Nest Period ◽  
Landscape Distribution ◽  
South Baikal

This article focuses on the location of brown-headedtit (Parus montanus CONRAD VON BALDENSTEIN, 1827) on the territory southern Baikal region. The article presents literature data on the intra-landscape placement of chubby tit and gives a complete description of areas suitable for the habitat of these birds.

scholarly journals Indicative landscape monitoring of the national nature park (case study the territory of Slobozhansky National Nature Park)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Landscape Monitoring

Formulation of the problem. National Natural Parks (NNP) – protected areas where anthropogenic and natural landscapes are combined in the same territory. In addition, the main functions of such objects are significantly competitive, which requires monitoring of changes in existing landscapes. It is necessary to define the local objects which, being the most sensitive, at the same time have small plasticity, therefore, are capable to react quickly and adequately to any changes. That is what we call indicative. Analysis of recent research and publications. Many researchers of the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Australia conduct landscape monitoring using remote sensing data and GIS technologies. For example, D. Keith, S. Rodoreda, L. Holman, R. Noss, U. Walz, and others. The National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden studies development of modern landscape monitoring in countries of Europe. Landscape Monitoring of Terrestrial Ecosystems, studied by researches R. Kennedy, J. Jons, K. Jones and others allow using data of satellite for selection of plant contours using Gis-technology. Landscape monitoring of the territory of NNP «Slobozhanskiy» has never been carried out. The aim of the study is to choose satellite images, taking into account the area of the study, the choice of optimal methods of their processing for the compilation of a database of landscape structure facies for landscape monitoring based on long-term observations on the ground, comparing their results with geodata. We have determined wetlands, as landscape indicators. Presentation of the main material of the study. Comprehensive analysis of remote sensing data carried out by the authors, allowed us to make sure that vegetation cover is the most indicative, except for the contours of wetlands, which are clearly identified and easily compared in multi-spectral images. It is reliably determined by the characteristic features combine with the corresponding spectral ranges and the image structure. In addition, changes in vegetation allows you to visually determine changes in landscape groupings and the speed of these changes. Summary. The indicative features of landscape monitoring are wetlands, and there are two direct indicators: the contours of wetlands and the change in the aspect of vegetation. The monitoring method is a multispectral analysis of images obtained by processing combinations of spectral channels, which showed the ability to determine the changes in the selection, taking into account reflectivity of the surface. Limitations of the method are the following: there is no established method of meticulous analysis of changes in the structure of vegetation, which is observed visually, but is not reflected instrumentally; inability to take into account random features of the territory conditions and space scanning at a certain point, which is interesting for the study. Finally, the types of monitoring objects, indicative signs of changes and ways to track them according to high-precision and generally available satellite information are determined.

scholarly journals Incidence of Socially Significant Diseases in the Context of Studying the Demographic Security of the Country

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
N. I. Ovechkina ◽  
E. S. Shmarikhina
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article reflects the problems of solving theoretical and methodological issues of the statistical research of demographic security. In order to justify the system of statistical indicators of the demographic security, considered regional differences in the incidence of socially significant diseases:tuberculosis, HIV infections, malignant neoplasms, mental disorders, psychotic disorders associated with alcohol use and alcohol dependence syndrome, syphilis. Groups of subjects of the Russian Federation with the maximum and minimum values of indicators are allocated and shown on the map. The most socially prosperous regions in Russia are the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Ingushetia and the Belgorod region, the Irkutsk region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug were the absolute Champions in terms of social disadvantage in 2018.

scholarly journals К вопросы сейсмического риска г. Владикавказа

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Zaalishvili ◽  
A. Pinar ◽  
M. Erdik ◽  
O.G. Burdzieva ◽  
D.A. Melkov
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Republic

The last decades in Russia have been characterized by high growth rates of population, industry, infrastructure in large cities and industrial centers located in seismically active regions. The construction did not always take into account the characteristics of local soils and the level of seismic hazard. The study of the consequences of strong and destructive earthquakes created the conditions for new scientific developments in engineering seismology and earthquake-engineering. Seismic zoning of urbanized territories makes it possible to assess the seismic risk of the territory, take measures to strengthen existing buildings and carry out the construction of buildings and structures with a given seismic resistance. This problem is especially relevant for the regions of the Caucasus. The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is located in a fairly high seismically active zone. It seems natural to assess the seismic risk in the capital of the republic – the city of Vladikavkaz. Aim. The aim of the work is to develop and implement modern methodology for the expected seismic risk assessment of a city on the example of Vladikavkaz city. Methods. The methods associated with the assessment (probabilistic or deterministic) of ground motion include consideration a number of processes: earthquake source, disaggregation of probabilistic hazard, empirical relationships of seismic attenuation, site effects, and construction mechanics. All of this demands regularization of Construction Norms parameters with different methodologies and corresponding methodology development based on GIS technology. Results. Previous test area assessment results are presented and tips for improvement and regularization are given. Consideration of specific types of soils and types of building stock with e Последние десятилетия в России отмечены высокими темпами роста населения, промышленности и инфраструктуры в крупных городах и промышленных центрах, расположенных в сейсмически активных регионах. При строительстве не всегда учитывались местные грунтовые условия и уровень сейсмической опасности. Изучение последствий сильных и разрушительных землетрясений создало условия для новых научных разработок в инженерной сейсмологии и сейсмостойком строительстве. Сейсмическое районирование урбанизированных территорий дает возможность оценить сейсмический риск территории, принять меры по усилению существующих построек и осуществить строительство зданий и сооружений с заданной сейсмостойкостью. Эта проблема особенно актуальна для регионов Кавказа. Республика Северная Осетия-Алания расположена в зоне достаточно высокой сейсмической активности. Оценка сейсмического риска в столице Республики - городе Владикавказ становится очевидной. Цель работы. Целью работы является разработка и внедрение современной методологии оценки ожидаемого сейсмического риска города на примере города Владикавказ. Методы исследований. Методы, связанные с оценкой (вероятностной или детерминистической) движений грунта, включают рассмотрение ряда процессов: очага землетрясения, отделения вероятностной опасности, эмпирических соотношений затухания сейсмических волн, влияния площадки и строительной механики. Все это требует упорядочения параметров строительных норм с использованием различных методологий и разработки соответствующей методики на основе ГИС-технологий. Результаты работ. Представлены результаты предыдущей оценки тестовой области и даны советы по улучшению и регуляризации. Рассмотрение конкретных типов грунтов и типов застройки с оценкой интенсивности и уязвимости типов зданий дало разный уровень ожидаемых экономических потерь

scholarly journals «ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ» МИГРАЦИИ: ОПЫТ ИСТОРИКО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ БУРЯТСКОГО НАРОДА

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Одон Борисович Дашинамжилов ◽  
Виктория Васильевна Лыгденова
Keyword(s):  
Migration Rate ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Republic

В статье рассматриваются миграции бурятского народа в районах преимущественного расселения в 1959–1989 гг. Анализируются источники и методы исследования этнических миграций. Изучена территориальная специфика пространственных перемещений бурятского населения на фоне миграционных тенденций в России в целом и в восточных районах, в частности. Вычислен его механический прирост/убыль в Иркутской и Читинской областях, Бурятской АССР, определены исторические условия, факторы и географические направления миграций, роль сельско-городских перемещений. Выявлено, что буряты Иркутской области обладали самой высокой мобильностью, благодаря тесным контактам с русским населением, интенсивному аграрному и промышленному развитию региона, из-за чего механический отток из области достиг больших размеров. Если вначале была велика доля так называемых «внутренних миграций», в районах основного расселения, то постепенно роль экономических перемещений усилилась, а роль Бурятской АССР как центра притяжения ослабла. У бурят БАССР на протяжении всего рассматриваемого периода было положительное сальдо миграции за счет притока из Предбайкалья и Читинской области. Миграционная подвижность этноса здесь была значительно ниже, чем в Иркутской области, а масштабы сельско-городских миграций были невелики из-за сравнительно невысоких темпов экономического развития и менее тесных контактов с русским населением. Вместе с тем, приток бурятского населения в республику в изучаемый период последовательно снижался. В Читинской области демографический переход у бурятского населения шел медленнее, чем в других регионах преимущественного расселения. В этой связи миграционная мобильность этноса была очень низкой. Регион исторически отличался самыми невысокими темпами роста промышленного производства, меньшей была интенсивность аграрных переселений. В результате буряты области дольше сохраняли традиционные виды хозяйствования, доля городских жителей была небольшой, распространенность русского языка была невысокой. Мобильность бурят усилилась в 1970-е гг., в основном миграции были направлены в БАССР. Роль республики как региона вселения упала лишь в 1980-е гг. The paper studies migration patterns of the Buryat people in the areas with dense Buryat population in 1959–1989. The sources and methods of studying ethnic migrations are analyzed. The territorial specifics of movements of the Buryat population in the context of migration trends in Russia in general and in the Eastern regions in particular are examined. Net migration rate in the Irkutsk and Chita regions and the Buryat ASSR was calculated. Historical conditions, factors and geographical directions of migration, and the role of rural-urban movements were identified. It was revealed that the Buryats of the Irkutsk region had the highest mobility, due to close contacts with the Russian population, intensive agricultural and industrial development of the region, which is why the migration outflow from the region dramatically increased. At first, most migrations were within the studied areas, but then the role of economic movements gradually increased, and the role of the Buryat ASSR as a center of attraction weakened. During the entire period under review, the Buryats of the BASSR had a positive net migration rate due to inflows from the Baikal region and the Chita region. The migration mobility of this ethnic group was significantly lower than in the Irkutsk region, and the rural-urban migration rate was low due to relatively slow economic development and less contacts with the Russian population. At the same time, the influx of Buryat population to the Republic in the studied period consistently decreased. In the Chita region, the demographic transition of the Buryat population was slower than in other regions under consideration. The region has historically had the lowest industrial production growth rates, and the agricultural migrations were less intensive. As a result, the Buryats of the Chita region had long maintained traditional economies, the share of urban residents was low, and Russian language use was not widespread. The mobility of the Buryats increased in the 1970s, and migrations were mainly directed to the BASSR. The role of the Republic as a destination for migrant flows only declined in the 1980s.

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