scholarly journals Pyrogenic Transformation of Geosystems of the Western Cibaikalia: Factors, Conditions, Current State

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bibaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Pyrogenic Transformation ◽  
Mountain Taiga

The factors of pyrogenic impact on the taiga geosystems of the Western Baikal region against the background of the modern transformation of the global atmospheric circula-tion are studied in the paper. The results of world scientific research on modeling climate change and related adverse weather phenomena (prolonged droughts, thunderstorm activity, etc.) are presented. The natural factors contributing to the increase in the pyrogenic transformation of geosystems are described. The study of the spatio-temporal distribution of fires is carried out on the basis of data from remote sensing of the Earth. Information about unfavorable weather conditions and dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, data on atmospheric phenomena (thunderstorm activity), daily values of air temperature and soil temperature under natural cover at different depths are analyzed in order to factorial analysis of forest fire sources in the study area. The characteristic of the current stage of geosystems is given based on field research conducted in June 2020. It was revealed that catastrophic fires registered in the study area in 1997 and 2015 occurred against the background of minimal thunderstorm activity. At the same time, in the central part of the Western Baikal region thunderstorms were the leading factor in the 2015 fires. Five years after the fire, the restoration of mountain taiga light coniferous forests is characterized by the predominance of the community of Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. The successional dynamics of the geosystems of mountain taiga dark coniferous forests is going through the Betula rotundifolia Spach. with Ledum palustre L. and cereal-forb ground cover. Undergrowth of tree species (mainly pine) is rare and uneven about 800–1200 specimens per hectare.

The Relationship between the Traffic Accidents and Meteorological Condition on Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
De Ping Ding ◽  
Zhi Cong Yin ◽  
Xun Li ◽  
Zhuang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Meteorological Condition ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on the monthly datasets, including the number of traffic accidents, casualties and meteorological data, the relationship between the traffic accidents and meteorological conditions is studied. The results are as follows: (1) There are two peaks of the number of traffic accidents, which are the saddle-shaped peak from Apr to Jun and the second peak in Oct respectively. The number of traffic accidents in February is the least. The temporal distribution of the casualty is different from that of traffic accident. Most casualties happened in Jul. and the second in Apr. and Oct. The susceptibility of traffic accident and casualty in Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin decreased successionally from high to low. (2) A new result is obtained: in comparison with the number of traffic accidents, the correlation between meteorological condition and casualty is higher. The main reason is that the adverse weather conditions always cause drivers fail to control the vehicle or to make right decision. Therefore, the accident causing casualty should be focused on while the monthly weather-related accident is discussed. (3) The correlation coefficient between the number of casualty and precipitation or relative humidity is significantly positive. Otherwise, the correlation coefficient between the number of casualty and visibility or pressure is significantly negative.

scholarly journals The impact of fires on the landscapes of the Baikal-Dzhugdzhur type underclimate fluctuations

2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
O F Malykh ◽  
V P Makarov ◽  
T V Zhelibo ◽  
E A Banshchikova
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mountain Taiga

Abstract In light coniferous forests of the Baikal-Dzhugdzhur type fires are considered as factors and processes inseparable from the forest landscapes and their dynamics. The study period of 1998–2015 is highlighted as extremely arid. In 2008, 2013–2014, 2018 conducted ground studies of the state of vegetation after fires in the area of Vitim Plateau. The conditions of arid period with high frequency, duration and intensity of fires were the main factors in the dynamics of transformation of the structure of mountain-taiga larch forests. Analysis of cruising materials and expedition research showed that from 1996 to 2015 the area of larch forests with canopy density of 5–7% decreased by 45–50%. The area of burned forests and thin forests increased by 45-48%, and the area of shrubs – by 17.0%. The main part of forests is disturbed at the foot of the mountains and in intermountain depressions, at altitudes of 942 -1100 m. Strong desiccation of the ground cover and consistent ground fires with complete loss of trees and undergrowth activated natural processes of bush formation and prairiefication. The duration and degree of fluctuations in climatic parameters determine the nature of the impact of fires on Baikal-Dzhugdzhur larch forests and the degree of their transformation.

scholarly journals Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters: A Review of New Technologies in Escort Tugs to Improve Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Santiago Iglesias-Baniela ◽  
Juan Vinagre-Ríos ◽  
José M. Pérez-Canosa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
New Type ◽  
Technological Challenge ◽  
And Performance

It is a well-known fact that the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster caused the escort towing of laden tankers in many coastal areas of the world to become compulsory. In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. The aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the best available technologies regarding towline, essential to properly exploit the new winches, will be carried out. Through this review, the way in which the escort towing industry has faced this technological challenge is shown.

Statistical analysis and critical review of navigational accidents in adverse weather conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 502-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Ventikos ◽  
A.D. Papanikolaou ◽  
K. Louzis ◽  
A. Koimtzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather

Gendered Experiences of Mobility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Huq-Hussain ◽  
Umme Habiba
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The City ◽  
Detailed Picture

This article examines the travel behavior of middle-class women in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh and one of the world's largest and most densely populated cities. In particular, we focus on women's use of non-motorized rickshaws to understand the constraints on mobility for women in Dhaka. Primary research, in the form of an empirical study that surveyed women in six neighborhoods of Dhaka, underpins our findings. Our quantitative and qualitative data presents a detailed picture of women's mobility through the city. We argue that although over 75 percent of women surveyed chose the rickshaw as their main vehicle for travel, they did so within a complex framework of limited transport options. Women's mobility patterns have been further complicated by government action to decrease congestion by banning rickshaws from major roads in the city. Our article highlights the constraints on mobility that middle-class women in Dhaka face including inadequate services, poorly maintained roads, adverse weather conditions, safety and security issues, and the difficulty of confronting traditional views of women in public arenas.

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