scholarly journals Peer Victimization in Middle Childhood: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences of School Bullying

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zopito Marini
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Life ◽  
The Past

This paper focuses on a particular type of peer victimization commonly identified as school bullying. In the past. myths and inaccurate assumptions coupled with the lack of empirical data on the long term effects and stability of peer victimization have presented serious obstacles toward a greater understanding of bullying. Recent research, however, suggests that the number of students affected is much higher than previously believed, the range of behaviours involved more severe, and the consequences long-lasting; in many cases, the maladjustment for both victims and bullies can extend well into adulthood. Clearly, peer victimization is a complex and multidimensional aspect of school life that needs to be understood in greater depth and taken much more seriously because of the associated consequences. This paper will provide an overview of four central aspects of bullying, namely, the myths, characteristics, callses, and consequences.

Organizational Reforms as Routines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Brunsson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience

This chapter argues that organizational reforms are driven by problems to be addressed, by solutions to be applied, and by forgetfulness. The greater the supply of any of these factors, the more likely it is that reforms will occur. Without problems, reforms are difficult to justify; without solutions they cannot be formulated; and without forgetfulness there is a risk that people will be discouraged by the fact that similar reforms have been tried and have failed in the past. In contemporary large organizations, problems tend to be easily found. Those interested in selling solutions often try to supply problems as well — problems that can be solved by their solutions. Forgetfulness can be promoted by the use of consultants with limited experience of the implementation and long-term effects of reforms. Reforms are also self-referential; they tend to cause new reforms. Thus, reforms can be considered as routines: they are likely to be repeated over and over again.

scholarly journals Comparison of Juvenile Feed Protocols on Growth and Spawning in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Frederickson ◽  
Mark D Steinmiller ◽  
Tiffany Rae Blaylock ◽  
Mike E Wisnieski II ◽  
James D Malley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Feeding Protocol ◽  
Spawning Success

Over the past 2 decades, zebrafish, Danio rerio, have become a mainstream laboratory animal model, yet zebrafish husbandrypractices remain far from standardized. Feeding protocols play a critical role in the health, wellbeing, and productivity ofzebrafish laboratories, yet they vary significantly between facilities. In this study, we compared our current feeding protocol for juvenile zebrafish (30 dpf to 75 dpf), a 3:1mixture of fish flake and freeze-dried krill fed twice per day with live artemia twice per day (FKA), to a diet of Gemma Micro 300 fed once per day with live artemia once per day (GMA). Our results showed that juvenile EK wild-type zebrafish fed GMA were longer and heavier than juveniles fed FKA. As compared with FKA-fed juveniles, fish fed GMA as juveniles showed better reproductive performance as measured by spawning success, fertilization rate, and clutch size. As adults, fish from both feeding protocols were acclimated to our standard adult feeding protocol, and the long-term effects of juvenile diet were assessed. At 2 y of age, the groups showed no difference in mortality or fecundity. Reproductive performance is a crucial aspect of zebrafish research, as much of the research focuses on the developing embryo. Here we show that switching juvenile zebrafish from a mixture of flake and krill to Gemma Micro 300 improves reproductive performance, even with fewer feedings of live artemia, thus simplifying husbandry practices.

The Final Score

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Professional Athlete ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Empowerment ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Over Time

The conclusion provides some final observations about the longitudinal research itself and its short- and long-term effects on the women involved. It briefly touches on the few areas of the sport marriage that have seen improvement in the past few decades, discusses the conscious decisions the women make to continue normalizing the career-dominated marriage, and reports on how the marriages fared over time. It also describes the women’s personal empowerment as a result of their participation in the research. Finally, it summarizes the advice and suggested keys to a successful sport marriage that the wives in both studies offered, based on their lived experience. This overview essentially describes how and why the wife of a male professional athlete must adapt to realities if she wants her marriage to survive her husband’s career and retirement.

Stress Distribution in Joints in Panel Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
Karl Heinz Winter
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Design

Reinforced and pre-stressed concrete have been used increasingly for various kinds of complex structures in the past decades. The structures assembled from panels belong into this group. The current design methods rely on linear elastic analyses based on empirically derived material laws assuming homogeneous and isotropic material. Practical experience and various investigations however have indicated that majority of structures and structural elements are in fact stressed beyond the range of linear elastic behavior. In addition, long term effects may have a significant influence on the structural behavior of this category of structures and structural members.

Anatomic correction of congenitally corrected transposition and its close cousins

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (S3) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Bove ◽  
Richard G. Ohye ◽  
Eric J. Devaney ◽  
Hiromi Kurosawa ◽  
Toshiharu Shin'oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Malformation ◽  
Associated Malformations ◽  
Atrioventricular Discordance ◽  
Congenitally Corrected Transposition ◽  
Corrected Transposition

The congenital cardiac malformation characterized by discordant connections between the atriums and ventricles, as well as those between the ventricles and the arterial trunks, has been given many names. The terms atrioventricular discordance, l-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular inversion, and congenitally corrected transposition have all been used. Regardless of terminology, this complex congenital anomaly has only recently been studied to analyze the long-term effects of its natural history and outcomes following traditional surgical repair of the associated malformations which serve to uncorrect the circulatory pathways. As more patients survive into adulthood, the effects of this condition are now better understood, and the surgical approaches used in the past are being re-examined in light of longer-term follow up.

Data Gap in Growth and Investment Projections of Black Walnut Plantations

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
John C. Bliss ◽  
A. Jeff Martin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
The Past ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Data Gap

Abstract The popularity of black walnut as a plantation species has grown tremendously in the past three decades. A comparison of several recent plantation walnut growth and investment projections shows the limited empirical data upon which they are built, and the resulting disparity in the projections. Furthering our knowledge of walnut culture and investment opportunities will require a commitment to long-term empirical research that is currently lacking. North. J. Appl. For. 6:169-171, December 1989.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of peer victimization on social outcomes through the fourth decade of life in individuals born at normal or extremely low birthweight

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Day ◽  
Ryan J. Van Lieshout ◽  
Tracy Vaillancourt ◽  
Saroj Saigal ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Extremely Low Birthweight

Psychological Effects of Victimization: Implications for the Criminal Justice System

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Resick
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
The Past

The purposes of this article are to review research on psychological reactions to criminal victimization, to consider how victims might be affected by participation in the criminal justice system, and to offer some recommendations for the treatment of victims and their families within the criminal justice system. Over the past ten years there have been a series of studies conducted to examine the long-term effects of rape victims. Recently a study was conducted to compare the reactions of robbery victims with rape victims and to compare female and male robbery victims. This article will review the findings from these longitudinal studies with particular attention to victim reactions that may affect or be affected by participation in criminal prosecution.

scholarly journals THE PANDEMIC AND THE ‘ENVIRONMENTALISATION’ OF GEOGRAPHY. AN EPISTEMIC-POLITICAL CHALLENGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (31) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Marcelo Souza
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Academic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Geography ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Epistemic Objects

The purpose of this article is to extract from the COVID-19 pandemic a lesson for geographers: although without intending (or being possible) to simply go back to the past, it is necessary to re-value, nevertheless, the very quintessence of the identity of the geographical discourse, which has been characterised by a way of building epistemic objects that is committed to a dialogue between social research (represented by what we usually call‘human geography’) and natural research (represented by what we usually call ‘physical geography’). This project, presently called ‘environmentalisation,’ does not aim at anything overly ambitious: there is no case here for an exclusionary thesis in the style ‘geography should be this, and nothing else’; in fact, it just defends the idea that an approach such as that of environmental geography, resulting from an attempt at ‘environmentalisation,’ must have its place assured. Environmental geography, being committed to the construction of hybrid epistemic objects, allows us to mobilise the interfaces and knowledge necessary to deal with complex tasks such as the analysis of the short and long-term effects of the pandemic (among many other issues). However, the environmental geography project not only has to deal with intellectual challenges (integrating what knowledge, how and for what purpose?), but, in the end, it must also face political obstacles: the concrete power relations in the academic world and the zeal with which ‘borders’ and ‘territories’ are patrolled and defended, not to mention the resistance of many researchers to leave their thematic and theoretical-methodological comfort zones.

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