Testing Radio Signal Range of Selected Components

The idea of improving the methods of processing the received radio signals used in radio communication and radiolocation systems is considered. It is proposed to consider the radio signal as a noise-resistant code with repetition of its periods (symbols), each of which carries the same information about the value of its amplitude and initial phase. The possibility of realization of coherent reception of radio signals with amplitude or biphasic discrete modulation under the influence of powerful noise on them by their most "reliable" (suitable for calculations) fragments, determined by the values of samples, received at moments when the amplitude of a received signal shall be equal to zero (samples correspond to the value of the noise component – point A) or be maximum – point E (the phase of signals shifted with respect to the phase of noise, by π/2 or 3π/4). The considered approach on processing of a mix of a signal and noise allows to define some varieties of "reliable" fragments (at difference of phases of noise and a signal on π/2 or 3π/4, at a match of zero values of signals and noise, at difference of phases of noise and a signal on the value smaller, than ±π/24) on values of samples in points A and E, and also to exclude from consideration fragments, decision on which often is erroneous. The possibility of obtaining an additional estimation ∆ of the quality of the decision on a fragment of a discrete signal (BPSK), with already calculated its average value SСР on the set of its fragments, which allows to select the best or several best fragments for the decision on the received signal is shown. Fragments with a difference of noise and signal phases on the value smaller than ±π/24 occur most often from all considered variants and allow to distinguish with high accuracy the initial phases of opposite signals (BPSK). To solve the problem, we used all possible temporal representations of fragments of signal, noise and a mixture of signal and noise, mathematical models and formulas of the theory of circuits and signals.

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Experiencing LoRa Network Establishment on a Smart Energy Campus Testbed

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11071917 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1917 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dong-Hoon Kim ◽

Eun-Kyu Lee ◽

Jibum Kim

Keyword(s):

Path Loss ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Medium Access ◽

Communication Range ◽

Fundamental Properties ◽

Real World Application ◽

Energy Scenario ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Propagation Properties ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

The fundamental properties of long-range (LoRa) performance have been revealed by previous research, but advanced issues remain unresolved. This paper tackles three technical challenges that are confronted when establishing a LoRa network on a smart energy campus testbed in Korea. First, the communication range of LoRa in a combined indoor and outdoor environment has yet to be determined. To address this problem, this study builds a LoRa testbed from which we measure the propagation properties of radio signals in a combined environment. Then, we establish a simplified path loss model for LoRa PHY and compute the communication range. Next, national regulations enforce the use of the Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) scheduling scheme, but its performance has never been examined. This paper enumerates the impacts of LBT, threshold values, back-off algorithms, and application parameters on LoRa Medium Access Control (MAC) performance. Last, the application parameters required by the smart energy scenario influence LoRa performance, but their impacts have been scarcely reported. Based on the application parameters and experimental results, this paper proposes a strategy to deploy LoRa gateway(s) and nodes on the campus. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that considers performance issues when establishing a LoRa network on a real-world application testbed.

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RADIO FADING AND THE NATURAL ELECTROMAGNETIC BACKGROUND

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p65-189 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 1951-1961 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. J. Duffus ◽

G. M. Boyd ◽

J. K. Kinnear

Keyword(s):

Radio Signal ◽

Spectral Component ◽

Broad Band ◽

Auroral Zone ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Single Station ◽

D Region ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Signal Fluctuation ◽

The Difference

A comparison is made between the natural geomagnetic background in the frequency range 0.006–0.6 Hz and fluctuations of the difference in received signal strength between the two magnetoionic modes of vertically incident broad-band radio signals in the range 6–16 MHz, observed at a single station near Victoria, British Columbia. At this station the following points were observed:1. During the daytime there is often a spectral component common to the radio-signal fluctuations and to the natural geomagnetic background, even during quiet magnetic times. There is seldom phase coherence, however, except for a few minutes at a time.2. There is a small but highly significant (1%) linear correlation R = 0.33 between all the hourly mean amplitudes of the radio-signal fluctuation level and the hourly mean amplitudes of the natural geomagnetic background. The correlation coefficient rises as high as R = 0.71 at 1400–1500 local time, when only a particular hour of each day is considered. It is concluded that geomagnetic micropulsations in this frequency range are a better indicator of r-f. fluctuations than is the local Kp.3. At night, there is a relationship between the occurrence of Pt's and of r-f. fluctuation, although their frequency components are not usually as closely related as are those of the daytime regimes.It is suggested that geomagnetic micropulsations can couple exospheric or auroral zone fluctuations into the upper E or F regions strongly enough to produce observable radio-signal fluctuations at mid-latitudes, even during magnetically quiet times.Lack of correlation between micropulsations and phase fluctuations of 18 kHz signals observed over an E–W 100-km path, and 80 kHz observed over an E–W 3 300-km path suggests that significant coupling does not extend down to the D region during magnetically quiet times.

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On the characterization of VLF radio signal propagation in atmosphere in quite solar conditions

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9197 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Nico ◽

Aleksandra Nina ◽

Anita Ermini ◽

Pierfrancesco Biagi

Keyword(s):

Radio Signal ◽

Technological Development ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Lower Ionosphere ◽

Signal Propagation ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Propagation Mode ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Radio Signals

<p>In this work we use Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio signals, having a frequency in the bands 20-80 kHz, to study the VLF signal propagation in the atmosphere quite undisturbed conditions by selecting the signals recorded during night. As a good approximation, we can model the propagation of VLF radio signals as characterized by a ground-wave and a sky-wave propagation mode. The first one generates a radio signal that propagates in the channel ground-troposphere, while the second one generates a signal which propagates using the lower ionosphere as a reflector. The VLF receivers of the INFREP (European Network of Electromagnetic Radiation) network are used. These receivers have been installed since 2009 mainly in southern and central Europe and currently the INFREP network consists of 9 receivers. A 1-minute sampling interval is used to record the amplitude of VLF signals. Long time-series of VLF signals propagating during night are extracted from recorded signals to study possible seasonal effects due to temporal variations in the physical properties of troposphere. A graph theory approach is used to investigate the spatial correlation of the aforementioned effects at different receivers. A multivariate analysis is also applied to identify common temporal changes observed at VLF receivers.</p><p>This work was supported by the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit&#224; e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy, under the project OT4CLIMA. This research is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, under the projects 176002 and III44002.</p>

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The method of maximum plausibility in the problems of protection of the radio signal of unmanned aerial vehicles control

Modern information security ◽

10.31673/2409-7292.2020.041217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

Author(s):

S. I. Ganusyak ◽

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Radio Signal ◽

Harmonic Oscillation ◽

Radio Communication ◽

Noise Interference ◽

Communication Signal ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Method Of Maximum Likelihood ◽

Aerial Vehicle

The paper considers the problem of protection of control of the radio signal of control of unmanned aerial vehicles as a task of control of signal parameters. The problem of control of a parameter of a radio signal and a problem of protection against interception by control of the unmanned aerial vehicle is formulated. The methods of estimating the parameters of the radio communication signal are analyzed and the method of estimating the parameters based on the method of maximum likelihood is proposed. This technique is demonstrated by estimating the phase of harmonic oscillation, which describes the radio signal and there are noise interference. Simulation modeling of the developed method is carried out, which confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model.

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Study of Brain Radio Signals Using Bispectral Analysis

Armenian Journal of Physics ◽

10.52853/18291171-2021.14.3-138 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 138-141

Author(s):

B. A. Hovhannisyan

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Radio Signal ◽

Emotional States ◽

Bispectral Analysis ◽

Spectral Components ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Sensor Probe

Using a special sensor (probe antenna-applicator), radio signals emitted by the human brain are recorded. The changes of different parameters are investigated while studying different physical and emotional states of people. The studies are carried out using spectral and bispectral analysis in the LabVIEW environment. It is shown that in a stressful state the bispectrum of the brain’s radio signal is significantly enriched, and many phase coupled spectral components appear. They undergo changes in their amplitude and frequency. The results of these studies may be useful for understanding the nature and identification of fast processes in the human brain.

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The Deceleration of Radio/Light Transmission; A Collision Mechanism Dependent Radio Signal Emission, Transmission, and Reception

10.21203/rs.3.rs-334484/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Light Transmission ◽

Radio Signal ◽

Slow Fading ◽

Fast Fading ◽

Before And After ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Electron Photon ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group Pattern ◽

Collision Mechanism

Abstract The fast and slow fading of radio signal transmissions or laser beam itself and its spare light confirm the presence of two kinds of collisions --- electron-photon and photon-photon collision. Photon transmissions of radio signals are either in consecutive dense photon groups in slow fading process or widespread group pattern in fast fading form. The photon transmission shapes are irregular and dynamical changes. The radio frequency shift and the wavelength reduction by the calculation demonstrate decelerations of radio/light transmission speeds due to the gradual reduced distance between two consecutive photon groups along the transmission pathway. Photons from radio signals are able to affect electron movements in radio signal receiving process and electrons able to kick photons into space during radio signal emission. The pattern of free electron movement under the influence of local electromagnetic force in antenna is consistent with the randomly dynamic changes of radio signal in space. The fast fading is due to the collision of consecutive photon groups of signals in slow fading with free photons in space. The mathematical equation for the relationship between light/radio transmission speeds before and after photons collisions is established. The equation is confirmed by the calculations of well-known difference of light transmission speeds in different media. The gravities from Earth and Sun play little role during light/radio transmission.

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The Deceleration of Radio/Light Transmission; A Collision Mechanism Dependent Radio Signal Emission, Transmission, and Reception

10.21203/rs.3.rs-334484/v5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Light Transmission ◽

Radio Signal ◽

Slow Fading ◽

Fast Fading ◽

Before And After ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Electron Photon ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group Pattern ◽

Collision Mechanism

Abstract The fast and slow fading of radio signal transmissions or laser beam itself and its spare light confirm the presence of two kinds of collisions --- electron-photon and photon-photon collision. Photon transmissions of radio signals are either in consecutive dense photon groups in slow fading process or widespread group pattern in fast fading form. The photon transmission shapes are irregular and dynamical changes. The radio frequency shift and the wavelength reduction by the calculation demonstrate decelerations of radio/light transmission speeds due to the gradual reduced distance between two consecutive photon groups along the transmission pathway. Photons from radio signals are able to affect electron movements in radio signal receiving process and electrons able to kick photons into space during radio signal emission. The pattern of free electron movement under the influence of local electromagnetic force in antenna is consistent with the randomly dynamic changes of radio signal in space. The fast fading is due to the collision of consecutive photon groups of signals in slow fading with free photons in space. The mathematical equation for the relationship between light/radio transmission speeds before and after photons collisions is established. The equation is confirmed by the calculations of well-known difference of light transmission speeds in different media. The gravities from Earth and Sun play little role during light/radio transmission.

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Review of the Multicarrier Modulation Techniques used in Modern Wireless Communications

Telecom IT ◽

10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-55-66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 55-66

Author(s):

I. Grishin ◽

A. Kalinkina

Keyword(s):

Communication Networks ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽

Filter Bank ◽

Multicarrier Modulation ◽

Wireless Communication Networks ◽

Frequency Division ◽

Radio Communication ◽

Modulation Techniques ◽

Radio Signals

This article provides an overview of the technologies for generating radio signals, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and its modifications: universal filtered multicarrier and filter bank multi-carrier currently used in wireless communication networks. Subject of research: methods of multicar-rier modulation. Main results: Overview of modern methods of forming multicarrier signals in radio communication systems. A number of computational experiments have been performed to compare the characteristics of signal localization, peak-to-average ratios and spurious emissions. Practical implica-tions: the results can be used in choosing the type of modulation in the case of the development of digi-tal radio communication systems.

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Measurement-based Statistical Method for Estimating and Verifying Signal Coverage and Coverage Probability in Urban Microcells

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i6.724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Joseph Isabona ◽

Kingsley Obahiagbon

Keyword(s):

Outage Probability ◽

Communication Networks ◽

Coverage Probability ◽

Statistical Approach ◽

Radio Signal ◽

Signal Strength ◽

Signal Coverage ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Coverage Quality

Customer’s complaints and concerns about radio signal coverage at their home are important trigger to performance relevant drive test in the relevant area to observe the coverage quality. In this paper, statistical approach has been employed to assess the quality of the radio coverage and outage probability based on measured radio signals in an established UMTS network, operational in Ikoyi, a typical urban microcell in Nigerian environment. The results shows that the quality of radio signals at the cell edge is very poor in locations 2 and 4, as they recorded poor coverage probability performance of 89.25% and 81.72% and high outage probability performance of 10.74% and 18.28% respectively. It is also observed that the smaller the fade margin, the higher the outage probability and the lower the coverage reliability. This implies that the smaller the fade margin, the smaller the received signal strength at the MS and the more likely outage events. Hence, sufficient signal strength is needed at the mobile terminals at locations 2 and 4 in order to achieve the outage probability and coverage reliability required to effectively operate cellular communication networks.

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