scholarly journals Effect of differently worded messages about alcohol on intent to breastfeed among university women in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Ted H Greiner ◽  
Igor Z Zubrzycki ◽  
Boseul Jegal ◽  
Sang-Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
The Body ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
University Women ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intention To Breastfeed

Background: There is concern that advice not to drink alcohol could discourage the initiation and particularly shorten the duration of breastfeeding. However, little research has explored the impact of variously worded messages about drinking while breastfeeding on women’s intentions to drink or to breastfeed. Methods: We haphazardly allocated a convenience sample of nulliparous (>95%) Korean female university students to be exposed to three differently worded messages on alcohol use during breastfeeding in the body of a questionnaire. Translated to English, they were as follows: Liberal: “Breastfeeding is compatible with moderate but not heavy drinking of alcohol.” Moderate: “You can use alcohol while breastfeeding, but only on rare occasions and only 1-2 drinks at a time. Too much alcohol can harm the breastfeeding process. After each drink, you should wait 2 hours before breastfeeding to keep the child from being affected.” Strict: “You should never use alcohol while you are breastfeeding.” Results: Most of the 280 valid responses expressed an intention to breastfeed. Over 90% of sampled women drank alcohol currently; 91% of them intended to reduce consumption during breastfeeding. How strictly messages were worded did not affect intention to drink during breastfeeding. Neither strict nor liberal messages reduced intention to drink alcohol while breastfeeding. The strict message clearly told the students what to do, whereas the moderate and liberal messages left choices up to them. Receiving these messages that required women to decide for themselves reduced the women’s intention to breastfeed (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this sample of largely nulliparous university women, a more strictly worded message regarding alcohol use during breastfeeding did not reduce breastfeeding intentions. Messages that left decisions up to the women did. The risk of harm associated with alcohol consumption during breastfeeding should we weighed against the risk that raising concerns about alcohol consumption might reduce the initiation or duration of breastfeeding. Research is needed to test such messages in different cultures and to follow up after delivery to see if indeed expressed intent correlates with actual practices. Until then, messages regarding breastfeeding and alcohol are likely to continue to be based only on the unexamined assumptions as to whether cautions about alcohol will affect women’s breastfeeding practices.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA Levels in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuster ◽  
David Nunes ◽  
Debbie M. Cheng ◽  
Richard Saitz ◽  
Jeffrey H. Samet
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rna Levels

Background: The impact of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels on the evolution of chronic HCV infection-related liver damage is controversial. Heavy alcohol use is believed to have a deleterious impact on the course of HCV disease, but current knowledge about the possible effect of alcohol use on HCV RNA levels in HIV/HCV coinfected patients is limited. Methods: We examined 107 HIV/HCV-infected individuals with current or past unhealthy alcohol use to assess the association between alcohol consumption (any drinking vs. abstinent) and HCV RNA levels. Results: Participants were 75% male, with a mean age of 43 years, and 63% were on antiretroviral therapy. Mean (SD) log HIV RNA was 3.1 (1.4) and mean (SD) log HCV RNA was 6.1 (0.8). Past-month alcohol use was present in 38% of participants. In a multivariable linear regression analysis we found no significant differences in mean log HCV RNA levels between those reporting alcohol use and those who were abstinent [β (95%CI): −0.04 (−0.34, 0.26), p = 0.79)]. There was no significant association between any heavy drinking day and HCV RNA level (0.07, 95% CI: (−0.24, 0.38), p = 0.66). Conclusions: We did not detect significant associations between alcohol use and HCV RNA levels among HIV/HCV coinfected patients.

Nalmefene against alcohol use disorder: A report of one case

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s866-s866
Author(s):  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
L. Sánchez Blanco ◽  
R. Landera Rodríguez ◽  
M. Gómez Revuelta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

IntroductionAlcohol consumption represents a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. Alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men and 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and the seriousness of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol-dependents are ever treated. One potentially interesting treatment option is oriented toward reducing alcohol intake.AimsTo describe one case who has improved his alcohol consumption after starting treatment with nalmefene, an opioid receptor antagonist related to naltrexone.MethodsA 35-year-old male with alcohol use disorder since 2001 came to our consult in November 2015. He was in trouble with his family and he had a liver failure. We offer a new treatment option with nalmefene 18 mg to reduce alcohol consumption.ResultsBefore to start nalmefene he drank 21 drinks/week. Six-month later, he decreased alcohol intake until 5 drinks/week with better family relationship and liver function. After starting nalmefene he complained of nausea, so we recommend to take the middle of the pill for next 7 days. After this time he returned to take one pill with good tolerance and no more side effects or withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking and in preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome due to its opioid receptor antagonism. This case suggests nalmefene is a potential option to help patients, who do not want or cannot get the abstinence, in reducing their alcohol consumption.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with HIV infection: Effects on neuropsychological performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHANNES C. ROTHLIND ◽  
TANYA M. GREENFIELD ◽  
ANNE V. BRUCE ◽  
DIETER J. MEYERHOFF ◽  
DEREK L. FLENNIKEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Active Alcohol

Higher rates of alcohol use have been reported in HIV+ individuals compared to the general population. Both heavy alcohol use and HIV infection are associated with increased risk of neuropsychological (NP) impairment. We examined effects of heavy active alcohol use and HIV on NP functioning in a large sample of community-residing HIV+ individuals and HIV− controls. The four main study groups included 72 HIV− light/non-drinkers, 70 HIV− heavy drinkers (>100 drinks per month), 70 HIV+ light/non-drinkers, and 56 HIV+ heavy drinkers. The heavy drinking group was further subdivided to assess effects of the heaviest levels of active alcohol use (>6 drinks per day) on NP functioning. A comprehensive NP battery was administered. Multivariate analysis of covariance was employed to examine the effect of HIV and alcohol on NP functioning after adjusting for group differences in age and estimated premorbid verbal intellectual functioning. The analyses identified main effects of heavy drinking and HIV on NP function, with greatest effects involving the contrast of HIV+ heavy drinkers and the HIV− light drinkers. Synergistic effects of heaviest current drinking and HIV infection were identified in analyses of motor and visuomotor speed. Supplementary analyses also revealed better NP function in the HIV+ group with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and lower level of viral burden, a finding that was consistent across levels of alcohol consumption. Finally, heavy alcohol use and executive functioning difficulties were associated with lower levels of self-reported medication adherence in the HIV+ group. The findings suggest that active heavy alcohol use and HIV infection have additive adverse effects on NP function, that they may show synergistic effects in circumstances of very heavy active alcohol use, and that heavy drinking and executive functioning may mediate health-related behaviors in HIV disease. (JINS, 2005, 11, 70–83.)

The impact of alcohol use disorders and alcohol consumption on treatment-seeking individuals with social anxiety disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Mirjana Subotic-Kerry ◽  
Andrew J. Baillie ◽  
Lexine A. Stapinski ◽  
Maree J. Abbott ◽  
Jo MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Impact

Comorbid social anxiety and alcohol use disorders (SAD-AUD) in the community and the complex interactions that occur between these disorders have emerged as a significant clinical, public health, and research issue. The authors examined (a) the rates of comorbid SAD-AUD, (b) the impact of comorbid SAD-AUD on outcomes targeting social anxiety disorder, and (c) the effect of pretreatment alcohol consumption and alcohol use before, during, and after social situations on a composite measure of social anxiety in 172 adults presenting with social anxiety disorder. There was low incidence of AUD in this sample of individuals with SAD. Results indicated that alcohol consumption did not lead to worse social anxiety symptoms; however, alcohol use before and during social situations was associated with more severe social anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that the function of alcohol use may be more important than the overall level of alcohol use and has implications for treatment.

The Impact of Varenicline on Alcohol Consumption in Subjects With Alcohol Use Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriti D. Gandhi ◽  
Meghna P. Mansukhani ◽  
Victor M. Karpyak ◽  
Terry D. Schneekloth ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Racism, racial life events and mental ill health

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Oyedeji Ayonrinde
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

The association of life events with the onset of various psychiatric disorders is well-known. The body of evidence has highlighted the impact of negative or positive life events on the genesis of common mental disorders, especially depression. These findings have been replicated across different cultures, although the impact of different life events varies between cultures. In addition, the roles of chronic difficulties (defined in Life events and psychiatric disorders, below) and resulting ongoing chronic stress have been shown to contribute to vulnerability to certain mental illnesses. However, data on the impact of life events, especially those perceived as racial, on members of minority ethnic groups are rather sparse. The questions that need to be addressed concern the perception of life events as racial, the role of pervasive and perceived institutional and individual racism, and chronic difficulties.

Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effectiveness of Supportive Text Messages in Aiding Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen O’Reilly ◽  
Aisling Hagerty ◽  
Seamus O’Donnell ◽  
Aoife Farrell ◽  
Dan Hartnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Lower Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

This randomized controlled trial examined the impact of daily supportive text messages over a six-month treatment period on mood and alcohol consumption in individuals with a dual diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression. Results highlighted mood benefits at 3-month and lower alcohol consumption at 6-month treatment points.

Alcohol Consumption in the Australian Mining Industry: The Role of Workplace, Social, and Individual Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 216507992110057
Author(s):  
Carole L. James ◽  
Ross J. Tynan ◽  
Aaron T. Bezzina ◽  
Md Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Brian J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Metalliferous Mining

Background: Coal miners have been reported to have higher rates of risky/harmful alcohol misuse; however, it is not known if metalliferous mining employees whose working conditions differ in workplace practices, also have increased rates of risky/harmful alcohol misuse. This study aimed to examine alcohol consumption in a sample of Australian metalliferous mining workers and to examine the demographic and workplace factors associated with risky/harmful alcohol use. Methods: All employees from a convenience sample of four Australian mine sites were invited to complete a paper-based cross-sectional survey between June 2015 and May 2017. The survey contained questions relating to social networks, health behaviors, psychological distress, demographic characteristics, and risky/harmful drinking. Current alcohol use was measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a validated measure of risky and/or harmful drinking. Factors associated with risky/harmful drinking were investigated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Findings: A total of 1,799 participants completed the survey (average site response rate 95%). Overall, 94.8% of males and 92.1% of females reported using alcohol in the preceding 12 months. The odds of risky/harmful alcohol use were significantly higher in those who were male, younger, and reported higher psychological distress. Conclusions/Application to Practice: This study identified that metalliferous mining employees engage in at-risk levels of alcohol consumption significantly higher than the national average despite workplace policies and practices that restrict alcohol use. Personal and workplace risk factors that may help target specific employee groups and inform the development of tailored, integrated multicomponent intervention strategies for the industry were identified.

scholarly journals The impact of parenthood on alcohol consumption trajectories: Variations as a function of timing of parenthood, familial alcoholism, and gender

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Little ◽  
Elizabeth Handley ◽  
Eileen Leuthe ◽  
Laurie Chassin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adolescent Parents ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe current study tested the impact of the transition to parenthood on growth in alcohol consumption from early adolescence through emerging adulthood. We measured age-related discontinuity in trajectories of alcohol consumption associated with timing of the parenthood transition, above and beyond the effects of accrued educational status, gender, and time-varying marital status. We also examined the impact of a familial selection factor for the transmission of alcohol use problems, family history density of alcoholism (FHD), on both risk for adolescent parenthood and risk for adolescent parents' continuity in alcohol consumption after the parent transition within a mediation structural equation model. Premature timing of parenthood had a distinct effect on emerging adult alcohol trajectories. Although participants who became parents as emerging adults showed role-related decline in alcohol consumption, those who became parents during adolescence showed a role-related rise in emerging adult alcohol consumption. Gender moderated adolescent parents' role-related growth in emerging adult alcohol consumption. Adolescent fathers showed an adverse rise in alcohol consumption after becoming parents, whereas adolescent mothers' alcohol consumption did not change significantly. FHD was related to high adolescent alcohol consumption, which mediated risk for the incidence of early parenthood. Finally, the adverse effect of FHD on trajectories of emerging adult alcohol use was mediated by a dual pathway: (a) developmental continuity of conduct problems and (b) early transition to parenthood.

scholarly journals The Impact of ADH1B Alleles and Educational Status on Levels and Modes of Alcohol Consumption in Russian Male Individuals

Acta Naturae ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Borinskaya ◽  
A. A. Kim ◽  
A. V. Rubanovich ◽  
N. K. Yankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Education Degree ◽  
The Impact

Alcohol abuse is one of the main reasons behind the low life span in Russia. Both social and genetic factors affect the alcohol consumption level. The genetic factors are alleles of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1B and aldehyde dehydrogenaseALDH2 genes. We have typed and found frequencies for the alleles in a cohort of 642 men, ethnic Russians. The individuals of the cohort were asked to complete a questionnaire in the framework of the Izhevsk Family Study (Leon et al., 2007, 2009) regarding the amount of alcohol consumed and on the type of hazardous alcohol consumption (nonbeverage alcohol consumption and the so-called zapo which is a Russian term for a heavy drinking bout lasting for at least 2 days, when an individual is withdrawn from the normal social life). The ADH1B*48His allele was found among heterozygous individuals only (N=68, 10.6% of the cohort). The ALDH2*504Lys allele was also found among heterozygous individuals only (N=2, 0.3%) The effect of ADH1B alleles and the influence of the education level on the amount and type of alcohol consumed had not previously been studied in Russians. We have found that the amount of consumed alcohol is 21.6% lower (1733 g of ethanol per year) for ADH1B*48His allele carriers in the cohort of Russian men. The amount of consumed alcohol was found to be 9.8% lower (793 g of ethanol per year) in the case when individuals had a higher education as compared to those who had a secondary- or elementary school education level in the same cohort. Hence, the protective effect of the genetic factor (ADH1B*48His allele carriage) has proven to be more pronounced than the influence of the social factor (education level) at the individual level in the cohort of Russian men. Both factors have also proven to have a protective effect against hazardous types of alcohol consumption. Zapo was not scored among individuals of the cohort with ADH1B*48His allele carriage (OR=12.6, P=0.006), as compared to 8.4% of zapo individuals who did not carry the ADH1B*48His allele (genotype Arg/Arg).The percentage of individuals who consume non-beverage alcohol is lower (0.6%) in the subcohort of people with a higher education degree. This percentage is higher (6.0%, OR=10.0, P=0.004) in the subcohort of people without a higher education degree.

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