scholarly journals Research of the effect of combined application of L-thyroxine (levotiroxine),doclofenac sodium and chondroitin sulphate on the histological structure of the cartilage tissue for hypothyroidism and osteoarthritis.

Morphologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
D. S. Nosivets ◽  
V. V. Kosharniy ◽  
V. I. Mamchur ◽  
V. I. Opryshko
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Combined Application

Histological examination of cranial synchondroses as functionally significant elements in the cranial osteopathic concept

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
V. A. Osipov ◽  
A. N. Pastukhov ◽  
O. I. Kurbatov ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries

Introduction. In recent decades, medical science has accumulated convincing evidence of the fact that the normal activity of a human brain depends on the functional integration of its vascular system, a circulation system of cerebrospinal fluid and biomechanical features of a skull, forming a single structural and functional system.The aim of the study is to research the histological structure of functionally significant cranial synchondroses in the middle and elderly age group, to find possible points of osteopathic influence application in their structure. Materials and methods. The study was performed on cadaver material of 27 persons (7 men — 26 %, 20 women — 74 %) who died at the age from 49 to 66 years (57,5±5,3 years) from various somatic pathologies, but had no history of craniocerebral injuries with fractures of osseous structures. Small bone fragments with sutures of interest/synchondroses (spheno-occipital synchondrosis, petro-jugular synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis) were subjected to standard histological processing followed by microscopy.Results. Evaluating histological specimens of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, we observed the similar pattern: highly mineralized tissues at the edges of the bodies of the sphenoid and occipital bones were connected without elements of cartilagi-nous or connective tissue. In all cases, no fibrous or nerve tissue elements were found during the in situ immunohistochemical reactions. Reactions with the CD34 antibody mark multiple vessels of the Volkmann's or Haversian canals. Evaluating histological specimens of petro-jugular and sphenopetrosal synchondroses, we found the presence of cartilage tissue in the suture in the form of small islands of various sizes (from 20 to 120 microns) with signs of degeneration and a small number of remained chondrocytes. When evaluating specimens with immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies against the S100 protein, no elements of the nervous tissue were detected.Conclusion. Spheno-occipital synchondrosis has a temporary nature. With age, its cartilaginous tissue is replaced by osseous one. According to the histological structure, sphenobasilar synchondrosis demonstrates the complete absence of a cartilaginous component in the middle and elderly age groups. Petro-jugular and sphenopetrosal synchondroses retain the cartilaginous component in their suture throughout lifetime. During histological examination of the petro-jugular and sphenopetrosal synchondroses, the cartilaginous component is represented by variety of small islands. In all synchondroses, there is an absence of vascular and nervous components. At the same time, we revealed the presence of a prominent vascular bed in the bone tissue. The fact requires emphasizing the importance of liquid potency and elastic component in cartilaginous and osseous tissues as an application point for osteopathic techniques.

scholarly journals Fractionation and characterization of proteoglycans isolated from chondrocyte cell cultures

1981 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Björnsson ◽  
Dick Heinegȧrd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Nasal Cartilage ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Minor Portion ◽  
A Minor

Chondrocyte cultures were established from foetal bovine tracheal cartilage and maintained in Ham's F12 medium with or without 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum. The proteoglycans were isolated and characterized. (1) The proteoglycans from cultures both with and without serum distributed in associative or dissociative CsCl gradients like proteoglycans from cartilage tissue. (2) The amino acid composition, protein contents and glucosamine/galactosamine ratios were grossly identical with those of the tissue derived proteoglycans. (3) Sedimentation coefficients (s0) for the monomers were 21.0S and 22.7S from cultures without and with serum respectively. The s0 values obtained for aggregates were 72.3S and 93.2S respectively. The limiting viscosity numbers [η] were 248ml/g and 298ml/g respectively. These data corresponded well to those obtained for the tissue-derived proteoglycans. (4) The sizes of the core proteins and chondroitin sulphate chains respectively were the same for both types of cell-culture proteoglycans and similar to those of the tissue proteoglycans. Both the keratan sulphate-rich region and the hyaluronic acid-binding region were identified. The latter, however, was not resistant to limit digestion with trypsin, in contrast with the fragment derived from the bovine nasal cartilage. (5) About 70% of the cell-culture proteoglycans chromatographed in the void volume on a Sepharose 2B column, whereas reduced and alkylated samples (monomers) chromatographed completely included in the column. The two link proteins present in A1 preparations of cartilage proteoglycans were also present in A1 preparations of cell-culture proteoglycans. (6) A minor portion (10%) of the 35S-labelled proteoglycans in the cultures was associated with the cells. Reduced and alkylated samples were larger compared with the monomers in the medium, and chromatographed partly (25%) excluded on the Sepharose 2B column. A larger proportion (50%) of the non-reduced samples chromatographed in the void volume of the column.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-chondroitin Sulphate Hydrogel as Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Nanda ◽  
Nikhil Sood ◽  
B. V. K. Reddy ◽  
Tanmay S. Markandeywar
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Articular Cartilage Regeneration

The aim of the study was to develop PVA-CS hydrogel scaffolds using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent by chemical cross-linking method in order to obtain biomimetic scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration. The introduction of PVA enhances the mechanical and bioadhesive properties to the native tissue while chondroitin sulphate enhances the glycosaminoglycan content of extracellular matrix. The role of hydrogel as cartilage regeneration scaffold was evaluated by swelling study, porosity, rheological behaviour, in vitro degradation, and quantification of released chondroitin sulphate. In vivo results showed that cross-linked hydrogels repaired defects with no sign of inflammation as it was well anchored to tissue in the formation of new articular surface. It may be concluded that the addition of chondroitin sulphate to the PVA polymer develops a novel composite with significant applications in cartilage tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Nanostructured 3D Constructs Based on Chitosan and Chondroitin Sulphate Multilayers for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e55451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana M. Silva ◽  
Nicole Georgi ◽  
Rui Costa ◽  
Praveen Sher ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

scholarly journals Multifunctional chondroitin sulphate for cartilage tissue–biomaterial integration

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-An Wang ◽  
Shyni Varghese ◽  
Blanka Sharma ◽  
Iossif Strehin ◽  
Sara Fermanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

scholarly journals ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

2006 ◽  
pp. 084-093
Author(s):  
Alla Mikhailovna Zaidman ◽  
Anastasia Viktorovna Korel ◽  
Valentina Ivanovna Rykova ◽  
Elvira Vitalyevna Grigoryeva ◽  
Tatyana Yuryevna Eschenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Spine Deformity ◽  
Keratan Sulphate

Objective. To study etiologic factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of scoliosis development. Material and Methods. We investigated vertebral body growth plates (GP) from convex and concave sides of the curve, intervertebral discs (IVD), and vertebral bone tissue – surgical material obtained from 100 patients at the age from 10 to 14 years with III–IV grade idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Structural components of the spine of 12–14 years old children obtained from the forensic medicine department were used as controls. The methods of morphohistochemistry, biochemistry, and ultrastructural analysis were used to study glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), oxidation-reduction enzymes, alkali and acid phosphatases, RNA, DNA, qualitative and quantitative composition of GAGs. The expression of proteoglycan genes of cartilage tissue and their protein products was investigated with molecular genetic assays. Results. Pathogenetic mechanism of spine deformity formation in idiopathic scoliosis was formulated. It was shown that idiopathic scoliosis development is predetermined by a disorder in regulation and synthesis of proteoglycans in vertebral GP. The decrease of chondroitin sulphate and increase of keratan sulphate components in proteoglycans indicate the change of proteoglycan spectrum in IS. The revealed keratan sulphate fraction is a result of increased expression of lumikan gene in condition of sharp decrease of aggrecan gene expression and its protein product quantity in chondroblasts of patients with III–IV grade IS. Conclusion. Alteration in aggrecan gene expression at the level of transcription and translation testifies for its involvement in scoliosis development.

THERMAL DESTRUCTION OF CHONDROITIN SULPHATE ISOLATED FROM BARENTS SEA HYDROBIONTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Kuchina ◽  
Vitaliy Yu. Novikov ◽  
Irina N. Konovalova ◽  
Nataliya V. Dolgopiatova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Thermal Destruction ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Water Desorption ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Temperature Range

The results of the thermogravimetric analysis of chondroitin sulfate, isolated from the cartilage of salmon, the northern slope, and the blackmouth shark in the temperature range of 40-600 °С are shown. Thermal analysis was performed using differential thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallinity degree of the samples was evaluated using diffraction patterns. It was shown, that under experimental conditions, thermal decomposition of the bulk of chondroitin sulfate samples is observed at a temperature of 230 to 530 °C. Differential thermogravimetric curves and differential scanning calorimetry curves contain five endothermic peaks associated with desorption of physically present water. Desorption of bound water occurs almost to a temperature of 150–200 °C, which can be explained by the difficulty of breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and polar functional groups of chondroitin sulfate. Small endothermic peaks correspond to the process of removal the physical volume of water. Four consecutive exothermic peaks are associated with the thermal destruction of the acid, pyranose, and finally, residual carbon and sulfur compounds. The rates of mass loss at each site were determined and the activation energies of each event were calculated. The nature of the cartilage tissue from which chondroitin sulfate is extracted affects the rate of destruction. So, in the temperature range of 236-244 °С, the lowest rate of destruction is observed for XC samples isolated from salmon cartilage tissue. The effect of crystallinity degree on the process of thermal destruction of chondroitin sulfate samples is shown. The results of the thermal destruction of chitin / chitosan obtained from the northern shrimp are presented. It was found that less activation energy is required for thermal destruction of chondroitin sulfate compared to chitin/chitosan at all stages.

Healing of Circular Defects in the Rabbit Medial Meniscus Can Occur Spontaneously and Is not Improved by Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid

1996 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 60-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hope ◽  
P. Ghosh ◽  
S. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Keratan Sulphate ◽  
Meniscal Healing ◽  
Meniscus Healing ◽  
Made In

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of intra-articular hyaluronic acid on meniscal healing. Circular defects, 1.0 mm in diameter, were made in the anterior third of the medial meniscus in rabbits. In one joint, 0.4 ml hyaluronic acid (Healon®) was instilled, and in the contralateral (control) joint, 0.4 ml Ringer’s saline. Four rabbits were killed after four, eight and 12 weeks and the menisci examined histologically. By eight weeks most of the lesions had healed by filling with hyaline-like cartilage. Healing was not improved by hyaluronic acid treatment. The repair tissue stained strongly with alcian blue, and the presence of type II collagen, keratan sulphate, and chondroitin sulphate was demonstrated by immunohistochemical localisation. In contrast to the circular defects, longitudinal incisions made in the medial menisci of a further six rabbits did not show any healing after 12 weeks, indicating that the shape of the lesion largely determined the potential for healing.The effect of hyaluronic acid on meniscal healing was tested in a rabbit model. With one millimeter circular lesions in the medial meniscus, healing by filling with hyalinelike cartilage was not significantly affected by the application of hyaluronic acid intra-articularly at the time of surgery, compared to saline controls, as assessed histologically four, eight and 12 weeks after the operation.

MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TIBIAL GROWTH CARTILAGE IN VARIOUS FORMS OF DWARFISM

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stanescu ◽  
R. Stanescu ◽  
J. A. Szirmai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Epiphyseal Plate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Resistant Rickets ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

ABSTRACT Microchemical determinations of glycosaminoglycans and collagen were preformed in isolated histological zones from sections of tibial epiphyseal plate biopsies obtained from children with growth disorders (pituitary dwarfism, congenital myxoedema, Turner's syndrome, Noonan's syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, vitamin D resistant rickets and achondroplasia). Alternate sections were used for histochemical localization of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. The values were compared with those found in comparable zones of the growth plate from normal children of the same age. The chondroitin sulphate concentration (% of defatted dry wt.) in the normal epiphyseal plate increased from the resting zone towards the proliferating/hypertrophic zone; collagen exhibited a reverse trend. In some of the pathological biopsies the concentration of chondroitin sulphate was slightly decreased whereas that of collagen was slightly increased. A marked increase in the collagen concentration was found in achondroplasia. The solubility profiles of the cetylpyridinium complexes of the chondroitin sulphate fraction showed three main peaks with slight but characteristic differences in the various zones of the normal cartilage plate. Significant shifts in the proportion of these peaks were observed in several pathological biopsies, indicating possible deviations from the normal molecular characteristics of the chondroitin sulphate. Analysis of the main chondroitin sulphate fraction, obtained from pooled samples of normal tibial growth plate after fractionation on the macroscale, indicated that all three peaks contained both chondroitin-4 sulphate and chondroitin-6 sulphate and that they probably differed in their molecular weight.

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