scholarly journals Drivers of employment outcomes amongst skilled migrants to Australia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Van de Ven ◽  
Sarah Voitchovsky
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
English Language ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

During the last 2 decades Australia has very substantially increased its skilled migration intake to off-set the effects of declining fertility and increased longevity.  Between 1996 and 2011, permanent arrivals in Australia rose from 85000 to 195000 per year, with 83 per cent of the increase accounted for by migration through the Skill Stream.  Furthermore, since the mid-2000s Australian skilled migration policy has shifted from a “supply driven” model that favoured independent General Skilled Migrants, to a “hybrid model” that balances supply driven migration against Employer Sponsored “demand driven” migration.  van de Ven and Voitchovsky (2014) report estimates for the period between 2005 and 2009, which indicate that this shift to a hybrid model for selection substantively improved labour market outcomes amongst skilled migrants.  Here we explore the channels through which improved labour market outcomes were achieved.  Our investigation emphasises the likely importance of English language and experience in delivering improved employment outcomes, aspects that are imperfectly controlled for in our first empirical study.

The Inefficacy of Strong Ties Networks in Migration Employment Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Absuelo ◽  
Peter Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Green Card ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Abstract We examined Philippine graduates’ use of social networks to obtain initial employment in the United States labour market. Our research focused on employment opportunities and found that Philippine graduates’ usage of Strong Ties networks contributed to underemployment. Reliance on Strong Ties networking decreased respondents’ broader range of US employment opportunities and further impeded their prospects of upward employment mobility. While the Philippine graduates’ Strong Ties networking provided assistance and most specifically acted as intermediaries for gaining their initial employment, this type of networking had a significant impact resulting in poor labour market outcomes and rather imperfect long-term employment opportunities. Moreover, we found that, in conjunction with the use of Strong Ties, key variables, such as low-demand degree fields, lower educational attainment, lesser proficiency in English and green card status, were also strongly associated with poor employment outcomes.

“Picking Winners”: The Recent Transformation of Australia's Skilled Migration Policy

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesleyanne Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
English Language ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Policy Transformation ◽  
Major Review ◽  
Source Countries

From 1980 to 1996, Australian researchers identified consistently inferior labor market outcomes for professionals from non-English-speaking background source countries. In 1997, the incoming conservative government initiated a major review of Australia's skilled migration program, based on a determination to ‘select for success' among applicants. Subsequent initiatives included mandatory English language testing, rigorous qualifications screening, incentives for international students to migrate, and abolition of income support in the first two years post-arrival. This article provides a detailed analysis of factors leading to this policy transformation. Labor market outcomes for 2001 are defined, including a halving of unemployment among recently arrived migrants.

Language skills in an ethnically segmented labour market: Estonia 1989–2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven-Kristjan Bormann ◽  
Svetlana Ridala ◽  
Ott-Siim Toomet
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between skills in the Estonian, Russian and English language, and labour market outcomes in Estonia, a linguistically divided country. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the Estonian Labour Force Surveys 1992–2012. The authors rely on multivariate linear regression models to document the relationship between language skills and labour market outcomes. Findings Estonian language knowledge (for ethnic Russians) are important determinants of unemployment. Wage, in contrary, is closely related to English skills. Ethnic Russian men do not earn any premium from speaking Estonian, while women, fluent in Estonian earn approximately 10 per cent more. For ethnic Estonians, Russian fluency is associated with a similar income gain. Research limitations/implications Due to the observational nature of the data, the effects reported in this study are not causal effects. As a second limitation, the self-reported language skills data may be imprecise and hence the effects the authors report may be too small. Practical implications The results stress the role of workplace segregation, both along gender and ethnic lines, in determining the individual labour market experience. Originality/value The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of language skills in a rapidly developing labour market in a linguistically divided economy. The authors analyse several languages with different legal status and document long-term trends in the effects.

scholarly journals Does Erasmus Mobility Increase Employability? Using Register Data to Investigate the Labour Market Outcomes of University Graduates

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Daniela Crăciun ◽  
Kata Orosz ◽  
Viorel Proteasa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
International Student ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Students ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Release Data

Abstract The chapter sets out to answer a question that has long been on the mind of policy-makers, university leaders, scholars and students: does international student credit mobility have a positive impact on graduate employability? Traditionally, this question has been answered using survey data where internationally mobile students self-report their employment situation at a certain point after graduation. According to these studies, international student mobility positively affects the labour market outcomes of students. For instance, the European Commission reports that: (1) students who completed an Erasmus mobility program are half as likely to face long-term unemployment; (2) the unemployment rate of Erasmus students is 23% lower five years after graduation (European Commission 2014). While these studies provide important insights about the benefits associated with the cross-border credit mobility of students, the results can be plagued by self-selection bias in reporting post-mobility employment outcomes. In order to avoid the problems associated with survey data, in this chapter we offer an analysis based on register data from university records and employment records, using as a case study the West University of Timisoara, a leading comprehensive university in Romania. Using register data offers the possibility to study population-level data and compare the employment outcomes of mobile and non-mobile students. The chapter analyses the impact of credit mobility on insertion in the labour market, income levels and occupational prestige. While the research question that the chapter is trying to answer is important, the main message of the chapter is broader: ministries and higher education institutions should release data for research purposes. Register data is readily available and helps researchers make efficient use of resources. In turn, this can encourage evidence-based policymaking.

scholarly journals Migrants and Employment

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ho ◽  
Caroline Alcorso
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Longitudinal Survey Data ◽  
Migration Program ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

The Australian government claims that its emphasis on skills in the migration program has paid off, with recent migrants achieving superior labour market outcomes to previous cohorts, and contributing more to the ‘productive diversity’ of the Australian workforce. Such sentiments are supported by most contemporary scholars of migration. Their conclusions stem from the adoption of a human capital approach where migrants’ labour market outcomes are seen to directly reflect their individual skills and other attributes, as opposed to social and institutional practices such as discrimination or exclusion. In this article we subject the prevailing ‘success story’ about skilled migration to scrutiny, and point to alternative ways of interpreting the empirical evidence (namely, longitudinal survey data) as well as alternative ways of explaining the incorporation of migrants in the Australian workforce.

Exploring gender digital divide and its effect on women's labour market outcomes in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oluwaseun Omotoso ◽  
Jimi Adesina ◽  
Ololade G. Adewole
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Technology plays a significant role in bridging gender gap in labour market outcomes. This paper investigates gender differential in broadband Internet usage and its effects on women‘s labour market participation. Employing an instrumental variable approach, findings suggest that exogenously determined high-speed broadband internet usage leads to increases of about 14.1 and 10.6 percentage points in labour market participation for single women and married women with some level of education, respectively. Moreover, further analyses suggest that married women are generally less likely to use the Internet to search for job opportunities and this could partly explains their low labour market participation rate. The findings suggest that more policy effort is required to bridge gender differentials in digital technologies and employment opportunities in South Africa.

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