scholarly journals Regional variation in larval retention and dispersal drives recruitment patterns in a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Swearer ◽  
Jeffrey Shima
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Enclosed Bay ◽  
The Common ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Recruitment

Although there is wide appreciation for the influence of variable larval transport on recruitment, few studies have investigated the relationship between recruitment intensity and the origin(s) of recruits. We evaluate this relationship for the common triplefin Forsterygion lapillum in Wellington Harbour (a semi-enclosed bay) and the adjacent open coast of North Island, New Zealand. As the harbour is productive, with many F. lapillum adults, we predicted the harbour would be an important source of recruitment for both regions. We estimated larval origins and dispersal histories using embryonic and larval otolith chemistry, respectively, with differences in otolith elemental composition consistent with birth and/or development in either harbour or open ocean waters. In the harbour, recruitment was greatest when locally spawned larvae were retained. Although large recruitment pulses to the open coast were comprised mostly of larvae originating from the open coast, 72 % of all recruits to the south coast were actually spawned in the harbour. Dispersal of larvae from the harbour was frequent, but in low numbers, and was unrelated to opportunities for transport from the harbour. Given recent evidence for differences in larval growth between regions, we suggest that (1) faster larval growth combined with nearshore larval distributions result in high recruitment to the harbour and moderate, but demograph-ically important, dispersal from the harbour to the open coast. In contrast, we suggest that (2) the combination of strong tidal currents in Cook Strait and slower larval growth result in lower recruitment and greater transport of larvae among open coast populations. The mechanisms that underlie such context-dependent dispersal have important implications for patterns of connectivity. © Inter-Research 2010.

scholarly journals Regional variation in larval retention and dispersal drives recruitment patterns in a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Swearer ◽  
Jeffrey Shima
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Enclosed Bay ◽  
The Common ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Recruitment

Although there is wide appreciation for the influence of variable larval transport on recruitment, few studies have investigated the relationship between recruitment intensity and the origin(s) of recruits. We evaluate this relationship for the common triplefin Forsterygion lapillum in Wellington Harbour (a semi-enclosed bay) and the adjacent open coast of North Island, New Zealand. As the harbour is productive, with many F. lapillum adults, we predicted the harbour would be an important source of recruitment for both regions. We estimated larval origins and dispersal histories using embryonic and larval otolith chemistry, respectively, with differences in otolith elemental composition consistent with birth and/or development in either harbour or open ocean waters. In the harbour, recruitment was greatest when locally spawned larvae were retained. Although large recruitment pulses to the open coast were comprised mostly of larvae originating from the open coast, 72 % of all recruits to the south coast were actually spawned in the harbour. Dispersal of larvae from the harbour was frequent, but in low numbers, and was unrelated to opportunities for transport from the harbour. Given recent evidence for differences in larval growth between regions, we suggest that (1) faster larval growth combined with nearshore larval distributions result in high recruitment to the harbour and moderate, but demograph-ically important, dispersal from the harbour to the open coast. In contrast, we suggest that (2) the combination of strong tidal currents in Cook Strait and slower larval growth result in lower recruitment and greater transport of larvae among open coast populations. The mechanisms that underlie such context-dependent dispersal have important implications for patterns of connectivity. © Inter-Research 2010.

scholarly journals Spatially variable larval histories may shape recruitment rates of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
S Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Larval Condition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

Several long-standing hypotheses purport variation in recruitment to be positively correlated with pelagic environmental conditions that enhance larval growth, survival, and/or delivery to recruitment sites. However, the relationship between recruitment intensity and larval environmental conditions (or more directly, larval condition) is difficult to evaluate and poorly known for most species. We evaluate this relationship for the reef fish Forsterygion lapillum that commonly inhabits rocky reefs throughout New Zealand. We quantified variation in recruitment of F. lapillum using a nested sampling design, and found that the largest source of variation was between 2 nearby regions (a semi-enclosed harbour and an adjacent open coast system). We estimated 'settler condition' as the composite of residual body mass and 2 measurements of larval growth (reconstructed from otolith microstructure) and found that recruitment intensity was positively correlated with settler condition for sites within the harbour, but negatively correlated with settler condition for sites on the open coast. Mean pelagic larval duration of recruits to the harbour was ̃3 d shorter than recruits to the open coast. These results suggest that larval experience and relationships between recruitment and settler condition are spatially variable. We speculate that (1) larval retention within a productive embayment facilitates a positive relationship between recruitment and settler condition while (2) dispersal through a less productive environment drives a negative relationship for replenishment on the open coast. These putative differences may have important implications for patterns of recruitment, the strength of post-settlement density-dependent interactions, and dynamics of local populations.

scholarly journals Spatially variable larval histories may shape recruitment rates of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
S Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Larval Condition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

Several long-standing hypotheses purport variation in recruitment to be positively correlated with pelagic environmental conditions that enhance larval growth, survival, and/or delivery to recruitment sites. However, the relationship between recruitment intensity and larval environmental conditions (or more directly, larval condition) is difficult to evaluate and poorly known for most species. We evaluate this relationship for the reef fish Forsterygion lapillum that commonly inhabits rocky reefs throughout New Zealand. We quantified variation in recruitment of F. lapillum using a nested sampling design, and found that the largest source of variation was between 2 nearby regions (a semi-enclosed harbour and an adjacent open coast system). We estimated 'settler condition' as the composite of residual body mass and 2 measurements of larval growth (reconstructed from otolith microstructure) and found that recruitment intensity was positively correlated with settler condition for sites within the harbour, but negatively correlated with settler condition for sites on the open coast. Mean pelagic larval duration of recruits to the harbour was ̃3 d shorter than recruits to the open coast. These results suggest that larval experience and relationships between recruitment and settler condition are spatially variable. We speculate that (1) larval retention within a productive embayment facilitates a positive relationship between recruitment and settler condition while (2) dispersal through a less productive environment drives a negative relationship for replenishment on the open coast. These putative differences may have important implications for patterns of recruitment, the strength of post-settlement density-dependent interactions, and dynamics of local populations.

scholarly journals Pelagic larval growth rate impacts benthic settlement and survival of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
A Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Kelp Bass ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Santa Catalina Island

Larvae of marine reef organisms settling into benthic habitats may vary greatly in individual quality. We evaluated potential effects of variation in larval growth rate (1 metric of quality) on larval duration, size-at-settlement, and post-settlement survival of recently settled kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus. We sampled kelp bass daily and weekly from standardized collectors located near the Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, Santa Catalina Island, to characterize larval traits of settlers and surviving recruits. Using growth models to fit trajectories of larval otolith growth, we estimated instantaneous larval growth rates and found that these values were good predictors of larval duration and juvenile survival. Kelp bass that grew rapidly as larvae settled ∼8.5 d sooner than the slowest growing individuals; both groups had similar sized individuals at settlement, but fast growing larvae experienced enhanced survival during the first 5 d after settlement relative to slower growing larvae. There is growing evidence suggesting that larval experience continues to exert demographic consequences on subsequent life stages. This helps to explain some of the spatial and temporal variability that characterizes recruitment in marine systems.

scholarly journals Dispersal and population connectivity are phenotype dependent in a marine metapopulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1909) ◽  
pp. 20191104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Fobert ◽  
Eric A. Treml ◽  
Stephen E. Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Metapopulation

Larval dispersal is a key process determining population connectivity, metapopulation dynamics, and community structure in benthic marine ecosystems, yet the biophysical complexity of dispersal is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the interaction between disperser phenotype and hydrodynamics on larval dispersal pathways, using a temperate reef fish species, Trachinops caudimaculatus . We assessed the influence of larval traits on depth distribution and dispersal outcomes by: (i) using 24-h depth-stratified ichthyoplankton sampling, (ii) quantifying individual phenotypes using larval growth histories extracted from the sagittal otoliths of individual larvae, and (iii) simulating potential dispersal outcomes based on the empirical distribution of larval phenotypes and an advanced biological-physical ocean model. We found T. caudimaculatus larvae were vertically stratified with respect to phenotype, with high-quality phenotypes found in the bottom two depth strata, and poor-quality phenotypes found primarily at the surface. Our model showed high- and average-quality larvae experienced significantly higher local retention (more than double) and self-recruitment, and travelled shorter distances relative to poor-quality larvae. As populations are only connected when dispersers survive long enough to reproduce, determining how larval phenotype influences dispersal outcomes will be important for improving our understanding of marine population connectivity and persistence.

Larval growth, size, stage duration and recruitment success of a temperate reef fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fontes ◽  
Ricardo S. Santos ◽  
Pedro Afonso ◽  
Jennifer E. Caselle
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Stage Duration ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

scholarly journals Pelagic larval growth rate impacts benthic settlement and survival of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
A Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Kelp Bass ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Santa Catalina Island

Larvae of marine reef organisms settling into benthic habitats may vary greatly in individual quality. We evaluated potential effects of variation in larval growth rate (1 metric of quality) on larval duration, size-at-settlement, and post-settlement survival of recently settled kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus. We sampled kelp bass daily and weekly from standardized collectors located near the Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, Santa Catalina Island, to characterize larval traits of settlers and surviving recruits. Using growth models to fit trajectories of larval otolith growth, we estimated instantaneous larval growth rates and found that these values were good predictors of larval duration and juvenile survival. Kelp bass that grew rapidly as larvae settled ∼8.5 d sooner than the slowest growing individuals; both groups had similar sized individuals at settlement, but fast growing larvae experienced enhanced survival during the first 5 d after settlement relative to slower growing larvae. There is growing evidence suggesting that larval experience continues to exert demographic consequences on subsequent life stages. This helps to explain some of the spatial and temporal variability that characterizes recruitment in marine systems.

PERSOALAN KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER: MENGGAGAS KAJIAN SACHEDINA TENTANG THEOLOGI PLURALISME

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limas Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, the main argument of religious pluralism in the Qur’an based on the relationship between private belief (personal) and public projection of Islam in society. By regarding to private faith, the Qur’an being noninterventionist (for example, all forms of human authority should not be disturb the inner beliefs of individuals). While the public projection of faith, the Qur’an attitude based on the principle of coexistence. There is the willingness of the dominant race provide the freedom for people of other faiths with their own rules. Rules could shape how to run their affairs and to live side by side with the Muslims. Thus, based on the principle that the people of Indonesia are Muslim majority, it should be a mirror of a societie’s recognizion, respects and execution of religious pluralism. Abdul Aziz Sachedina called for Muslims to rediscover the moral concerns of public Islam in peace. The call for peace seemed to indicate that the existence of increasingly weakened in the religious sense of the Muslims and hence need to be reaffi rmed. Sachedina also like to emphasize that the position of peace in Islam is parallel with a variety of other doctrines, such as: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and so on. Sachedina also tried to show the argument that the common view among religious groups is only one religion and traditions of other false and worthless. “Antipluralist” argument comes amid the reality of human religious differences. Keywords: Theology, Pluralism, Abdulaziz Sachedina

Migraine: Genetic Variants and Clinical Phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 6207-6221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocenzo Rainero ◽  
Alessandro Vacca ◽  
Flora Govone ◽  
Annalisa Gai ◽  
Lorenzo Pinessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Migraine is a common, chronic neurovascular disorder caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. In the last two decades, molecular genetics of migraine have been intensively investigated. In a few cases, migraine is transmitted as a monogenic disorder, and the disease phenotype cosegregates with mutations in different genes like CACNA1A, ATP1A2, SCN1A, KCNK18, and NOTCH3. In the common forms of migraine, candidate genes as well as genome-wide association studies have shown that a large number of genetic variants may increase the risk of developing migraine. At present, few studies investigated the genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with migraine. The purpose of this review was to discuss recent studies investigating the relationship between different genetic variants and the clinical characteristics of migraine. Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations in migraineurs is complicated by several confounding factors and, to date, only polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene have been shown to have an effect on migraine phenotype. Additional genomic studies and network analyses are needed to clarify the complex pathways underlying migraine and its clinical phenotypes.

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