scholarly journals Demystifying ontological classification in language engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Atkinson ◽  
Thomas Kuehne
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Systems Modeling ◽  
Language Engineering ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Support Domain ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Linguistic Classification

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. The introduction of ontological classification to support domain-metamodeling has been pivotal in the emergence of multi-level modeling as a dynamic research area. However, existing expositions of ontological classification have only used a limited context to distinguish it from the historically more commonly used linguistic classification. In important areas such as domain-specific languages and classic language engineering the distinction can appear to become blurred and the role of ontological classification is obscured, if not fundamentally challenged. In this paper we therefore examine critical points of confusion regarding the distinction and provide an expanded explanation of the differences. We maintain that optimally utilizing ontological classification, even for tasks that traditionally have only been viewed as language engineering, is critical for mastering the challenges in complex systems modeling including the validation of multi-language models.

scholarly journals Demystifying ontological classification in language engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Atkinson ◽  
Thomas Kuehne
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Systems Modeling ◽  
Language Engineering ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Support Domain ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Linguistic Classification

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. The introduction of ontological classification to support domain-metamodeling has been pivotal in the emergence of multi-level modeling as a dynamic research area. However, existing expositions of ontological classification have only used a limited context to distinguish it from the historically more commonly used linguistic classification. In important areas such as domain-specific languages and classic language engineering the distinction can appear to become blurred and the role of ontological classification is obscured, if not fundamentally challenged. In this paper we therefore examine critical points of confusion regarding the distinction and provide an expanded explanation of the differences. We maintain that optimally utilizing ontological classification, even for tasks that traditionally have only been viewed as language engineering, is critical for mastering the challenges in complex systems modeling including the validation of multi-language models.

scholarly journals A closer look at the positive crossover between supervisors and subordinates: The role of home and work engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1776-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Rofcanin ◽  
Mireia Las Heras ◽  
Maria Jose Bosch ◽  
Geoffrey Wood ◽  
Farooq Mughal
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Interpersonal Ties

How can we explain the crossover of positive experiences from supervisors to their subordinates? Drawing on crossover research and social learning theory (SLT), our main goal in this study is to explore mechanisms and boundary conditions to understand how positive crossover occurs from supervisors to their subordinates. We focus on the nature and foundations of positive crossover in the domains of work and home, and explore the downstream consequences for subordinates’ domain-specific outcomes. Using matched supervisor–subordinate data, the results of multi-level analyses demonstrated that perceived organization support (POS) of subordinates does not impact the positive association between supervisors’ and subordinates’ work engagement. However, family supportive supervisor behaviours (FSSBs), as perceived by subordinates, strengthen the positive association between supervisors’ and subordinates’ home engagement. Importantly, subordinates’ work and home engagement explains why supervisors’ state of engagement in work and home domains, respectively, influences subordinates’ functioning in work and home domains, underscoring a trickle-down model. We contribute to crossover research through demonstrating that crossover occurs from supervisors to their subordinates in work and family domains. Firstly, we highlight the role of relational mechanisms as boundary conditions of crossover process. Secondly, we extend the understanding of how crossover impacts on subordinates’ key outcomes at work and home. Thirdly, we expand crossover research in an understudied context, Chile. In doing so, we contribute to the literature on hierarchical market economies, through providing further insights on the operation of interpersonal ties and relations in such contexts.

Testing the sociometer: The role of self-esteem as a domain specific mediator

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Kavanagh ◽  
G. J. O. Fletcher ◽  
B. J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Domain Specific

When Do Auditors Use Specialists' Work to Improve Problem Representations of and Judgments about Complex Estimates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Specific Expertise ◽  
Problem Representations

ABSTRACT Auditors are more likely to identify misstatements in complex estimates if they recognize problematic patterns among an estimate's underlying assumptions. Rich problem representations aid pattern recognition, but auditors likely have difficulty developing them given auditors' limited domain-specific expertise in this area. In two experiments, I predict and find that a relational cue in a specialist's work highlighting aggressive assumptions improves auditors' problem representations and subsequent judgments about estimates. However, this improvement only occurs when a situational factor (e.g., risk) increases auditors' epistemic motivation to incorporate the cue into their problem representations. These results suggest that auditors do not always respond to cues in specialists' work. More generally, this study highlights the role of situational factors in increasing auditors' epistemic motivation to develop rich problem representations, which contribute to high-quality audit judgments in this and other domains where pattern recognition is important.

scholarly journals The Enabling Role of Digital Technologies in Sustainability Accounting: Findings from Norwegian Manufacturing Companies

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Olena Klymenko ◽  
Lise Lillebrygfjeld Halse ◽  
Bjørn Jæger
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Sustainability Accounting ◽  
And Control

Sustainability accounting is an emerging research area receiving growing awareness. This study examines the role of digital technology in manufacturing companies’ sustainability accounting. To guide the research, we use a triple layered business model canvas, which supports the accounting of a manufacturer’s performance for the economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability. We present an explorative case study of four Norwegian manufacturing companies representing different industries. The findings from the study indicate that while accounting for economic values is well taken care of, companies do not perform comprehensive environmental and social accounting. Furthermore, we observed a shift from a focus on sustainability issues related to the internal manufacturing process to a focus on sustainability issues for the life cycle of the product. Even though the manufacturers are at the forefront with regard to automation and control of production, with extensive use of robots giving a large amount of data, these data are not utilized towards sustainability accounting, showing that sustainability and digitalization are seen as two separate phenomena. This study sheds light on how digital data available from applied Industry 4.0 technologies could enhance sustainability accounting with limited efforts, linking sustainability and digitalization. The results provide insights for manufacturers and researchers in moving towards more sustainable operations and products.

Proteomics and metabolomics studies exploring the pathophysiology of renal dysfunction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and other ciliopathies

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Zacchia ◽  
Emanuela Marchese ◽  
Elena Martina Trani ◽  
Marianna Caterino ◽  
Giovanna Capolongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Clinical Proteomics ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney

Abstract The primary cilium (PC) was considered as a vestigial organelle with no significant physiological importance, until the discovery that PC perturbation disturbs several signalling pathways and results in the dysfunction of a variety of organs. Genetic studies have demonstrated that mutations affecting PC proteins or its anchoring structure, the basal body, underlie a class of human disorders (known as ciliopathies) characterized by a constellation of clinical signs. Further investigations have demonstrated that the PC is involved in a broad range of biological processes, in both developing and mature tissues. Kidney disease is a common clinical feature of cilia disorders, supporting the hypothesis of a crucial role of the PC in kidney homoeostasis. Clinical proteomics and metabolomics are an expanding research area. Interestingly, the application of these methodologies to the analysis of urine, a biological sample that can be collected in a non-invasive fashion and possibly in large amounts, makes these studies feasible also in patients. The present article describes the most recent proteomic and metabolomic studies exploring kidney dysfunction in the setting of ciliopathies, showing the potential of these methodologies in the elucidation of disease pathophysiology and in the discovery of biomarkers.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Giusi La Camera ◽  
Luca Gelsomino ◽  
Amanda Caruso ◽  
Salvatore Panza ◽  
Ines Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tumor Evolution

Breast cancer is the most common solid malignancy diagnosed in females worldwide, and approximately 70% of these tumors express estrogen receptor α (ERα), the main biomarker of endocrine therapy. Unfortunately, despite the use of long-term anti-hormone adjuvant treatment, which has significantly reduced patient mortality, resistance to the endocrine treatments often develops, leading to disease recurrence and limiting clinical benefits. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized particles that are released by all cell types and responsible for local and systemic intercellular communications, might represent a newly identified mechanism underlying endocrine resistance. Unraveling the role of EVs, released by transformed cells during the tumor evolution under endocrine therapy, is still an open question in the cancer research area and the molecular mechanisms involved should be better defined to discover alternative therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent findings on the involvement of EVs in sustaining hormonal resistance in breast cancer and discuss opportunities for their potential use as biomarkers to monitor the therapeutic response and disease progression.

scholarly journals The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Federica Rascio ◽  
Federica Spadaccino ◽  
Maria Teresa Rocchetti ◽  
Giuseppe Castellano ◽  
Giovanni Stallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most frequently over-activated intracellular pathways in several human cancers. This pathway, acting on different downstream target proteins, contributes to the carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumour cells. A multi-level impairment, involving mutation and genetic alteration, aberrant regulation of miRNAs sequences, and abnormal phosphorylation of cascade factors, has been found in multiple cancer types. The deregulation of this pathway counteracts common therapeutic strategies and contributes to multidrug resistance. In this review, we underline the involvement of this pathway in patho-physiological cell survival mechanisms, emphasizing its key role in the development of drug resistance. We also provide an overview of the potential inhibition strategies currently available.

scholarly journals Redefining the learning space: Developing peer mentoring in the enterprise curriculum

2020 ◽  
pp. 095042222098126
Author(s):  
Andrew P Hird
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Peer Mentoring ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Considerable Strain

This account of practice seeks to demystify the entrepreneurship classroom and to provide practical insights into the successful introduction and embedding of a multi-level peer mentoring scheme. Over a 5-year period, peer mentoring has been embedded in an undergraduate enterprise curriculum. This has posed challenges to a number of taken-for-granted assumptions about the enterprise classroom. The role of the tutor in the classroom was redefined; the roles of both colleagues and students were questioned. The accepted rules and norms of the learning environment were placed under considerable strain. It was found that both colleagues and students had very clearly defined expectations of one another and their respective roles: these proved difficult to change. The article recounts the journey, and how the organisers learned to accept and embrace the difficulties faced. Hygiene factors such as timetabling and communication were highly important in allowing the interactions to take place, as were socialisation and facilitation. The mistakes made are also recounted so that they can be avoided by other practitioners.

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