NOVA ERA EVROPSKOG ISTRAŽIVAČKOG PROSTORA? KA NAUCI ZASNOVANOJ NA JAVNIM VREDNOSTIMA

U tekstu se razmatra kako se kroz nedavni razvoj evropskog istraživačkog prostora oblikuju novi vrednosni okviri i perspektive diskursa javne naučne politike. U osnovi poduhvata za analizu diskursa javnih naučnih politika je izazov koji se tiče procenjivanja nenaučnih, neekonomskih ciljeva, odnosno onoga što obuhvata okvir javnih vrednosti. Ovaj rad se stoga ne bavi toliko samim praksama naučnih istraživanja i funkcionisanja evropskog istraživačkog prostora, već više analizom načina na koji su postavljeni ključni pristupi, principi i vrednosti kojima je on pozicioniran u dokumentima naučne politike EU. Analiza dokumenata ukazuje na načine na koji su problemi evropske naučne politike izraženi u diskursima, odnosno u konceptualnim okvirima koji definišu polje javnih politika u oblasti naučnih istraživanja i inovacija poput “društva znanja”, ”nauke za društvo i sa društvom”, “odgovornog istraživanja i inovacija”, “otvorene nauke”, itd. Suštinski, reč je o istraživačkoj kulturi, tj. vrednostima i normama koje podupiru sistem naučnog istraživanja, a koje se tiču svih aspekata istraživanja, karijera istraživača, kao i pozicije samog naučnog sektora u evropskom naučnom „ekosistemu“. Semantičkom “igrom” akronima ERA (European research area) u radu se preispituje da li nove naučne politike najavljuju novu eru, odnosno novi početak za Evropski istraživački prostor, i u kojoj meri će na tom putu opstati javne vrednosti nauke, odnosno nauka kao javno dobro.

Development of research infrastructure in the condition of globalization: the experience of the Czech Republic

Problem setting. The research is devoted to the analysis of the development of research infrastructures of the European Union based on the experience of the Czech Republic. The article analyzes the legal basis and practice of the functioning of research infrastructures in the European Research Area, considers the typology of large research infrastructures. The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of research infrastructures in the EU, in particular, on the example of the Czech Republic. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Today, aspects of the development of innovation systems and research infrastructures of the European Union are a topic for research of many domestic scientists. However, the issue of integration of the scientific and innovative system of Ukraine into the European Research Area remains urgent. Article's main body. Research infrastructures means a research facility necessary for conducting comprehensive research and development with high financial and technology demands, approved by the Government and established to be also used by other research organizations. The Czech Republic has responded to the increasing importance of research infrastructures and for the purpose of showing them as one of the key elements of the national research and innovation system. The Act on the Support of Research and Development is the principal document defining the support for R&D in the Czech Republic. It defines the key forms of financing research and development, the main governmental bodies responsible for R&D and the procedural steps for their assignment and use of this type of financial aid. According to the Roadmap of Large Research Infrastructures of the Czech Republic, the basic typology of research infrastructures divides facilities into three groups: single-sited research infrastructures situated in one place, distributed research infrastructures including a larger number of capacities situated in different places, and virtual research infrastructures. From the perspective of life cycle stages, research infrastructures are classified into research infrastructures in the preparatory phase, implementation/construction phase, operation phase and decommissioning phase. All of the above types of research infrastructures can also be found in the research and innovation system of the Czech Republic. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In recent years, the research infrastructure of the EU has undergone significant development, as evidenced by the example of the Czech Republic. As for Ukraine, which is just beginning its path in this direction, an important step was the adoption of the Concept of the State Target Program for Research Infrastructures in Ukraine until 2026, as well as the approval of the Roadmap for integration of Ukraine's research and innovation system into the European Research Area.

EURECA-PRO: The European University on Responsible Consumption and Production

The European Commission (EC) called for proposals to form European University Alliances (EUA) in 2019 and 2020 to promote Europe’s universities competitiveness in the world and strengthen the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and European Research Area (ERA). With the objective to create a global educational core hub on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 “responsible consumption and production”, a consortium of seven universities, led by Montanuniversität Leoben, received a three-year funding in 2020 for the development of a European University on REsponsible Consumption And PROduction (EURECA-PRO).

EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL PREREQUISITES AND INTEGRATION APPROACHES FOR UKRAINE

The paper is dedicated to the issues of Ukraine’s integration into the European Research Area (ERA) – a single research and innovation space open to the world and based on the internal market, which ensures the free exchange of researchers, scientific knowledge and technology. A comparative analysis of the institutional prerequisites for the creation of a single European research and innovation area has been conducted. The legislative basis of the European integration vector of Ukraine’s development in the science, technology and innovation sector is substantiated, while the flaws in the organisational and institutional support for euro-integrational reforms are identified. The idea and phases of ERA development are considered, the problems of implementing the Roadmap of Ukraine’s integration of into ERA are defined. The main European programs of scientific, technological and innovative cooperation are systematized and Ukraine’s participation in them is analysed. The case of cooperation between the Silesian Technological University «Silesian Polytechnic in Gliwice» and the Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is considered as a positive example of establishing collaboration in research and development between Ukrainian and European partner organizations. The authors propose the framework for creating institutional conditions that would ensure proper functioning and cohesion of the scientific, technological and innovative sector of Ukraine, as well as its effective integration to ERA in compliance with the strategic interests of international cooperation.

ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF CLOUD-ORIENTED OPEN SCIENCE SYSTEMS IN THE DOMESTIC EDUCATIONAL SPACE

The Budapest Open Access Initiative and the Berlin Declaration are analyzed. The main provisions of the policy of the international movement for open access are given. One of the priorities of science development in Ukraine is integration into the European Research Area. 6 priorities of integration of Ukrainian science into the European Research Area are described. A survey of mathematics teachers of advanced training courses of Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University and students of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences in 2020-2021 academic year were conducted. The current state of the use of cloud-oriented systems of open science is clarified. The main factors to be considered for further implementation of these systems in teacher education and their ICT competence increase are identified.

Participation in thermonuclear research of EURATOM: results achieved under the HORIZON 2020 program and the prospects for the next EU program for 2021-2027 (transcript of the report at the meeting of the Presidium of NAS of Ukraine, February 17, 2021)

The report emphasizes the importance of developing thermonuclear research in the world, the need for further integration of Ukrainian research institutions into the European research area and increasing the participation of Ukrainian scientists in world-class research in plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion. The urgency and complexity of the problem of controlled thermonuclear fusion, which covers not only various aspects of high-temperature plasma physics as the basis of energy of the future, but also problems of thermonuclear reactors, materials science, engineering aspects of thermonuclear energy, etc. are discussed.

Strategic Directions of Ukraine's Integration into the Educational, Research and Innovation Areas of the EU

The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic directions for the integration of educational, research and innovation areas of Ukraine into the corresponding areas of the EU, taking into account the economic interests of Ukraine. These areas can be delimited from each other by the product they create. The product of the educational area is the reproduction of existing knowledge, of the research area is the creation of new knowledge (novation), of the innovation area – innovation. With regard to areas, three types of integration can be proposed: (1) complete; (2) partial; (3) element-wise. Complete integration of the two areas provides for the formation of a single institutional environment and the corresponding links. In this case, there is an institutional absorption of one area by another. Partial integration of areas will take place through their intersection. In this case, new elements are formed, which simultaneously have connections corresponding to the first and second areas, and the institutional environment becomes mixed. Element-wise integration occurs when elements from one area are integrated into another area. For instance, a researcher or student from country A migrates to country B for permanent residence. Based on statistical observations for 2013-2019 it can be argued that the results of the activities of the Ukrainian research area are used to a greater extent in the EU than the results of the EU research area in Ukraine. And ultimately, novations created in the Ukrainian research area are transformed into innovations in the European innovation area and returned (imported) to Ukraine in the form of final high-tech products. From the standpoint of ensuring the economic growth of Ukraine, the current path of integration processes is not optimal. The transformation of the Ukrainian educational, research and innovation areas into the subareas of the EU ensures, first of all, the economic growth (on an innovative basis) of the EU, and not of Ukraine. So, given that the European research area is only an instrument for achieving certain EU goals, then the unconditional inclusion of Ukraine to this instrument turns the Ukrainian area into its component. For the Ukrainian economy, the optimal strategic direction for integrating the educational, research and innovation areas of Ukraine and the EU is their synthesis through the creation of a single space at the intersection of the areas of Ukraine and the EU, as well as element-wise integration from the areas of the EU into the areas of Ukraine. As a result, the Roadmap for Ukraine’s Integration into the European Research Area requires revision.

THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR ACTIVATION ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION DIFFUSION IN IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA

Topicality.The current stage of society development has a clear innovation orientation. The European scientific community is well aware that the complex problems of innovation cannot be solved in a single country. We need to combine efforts in science, education and business. This is how the European Research Area (ERA) exists and develops. The ERA initiative is actively developing and its development is projected until 2030 under various dynamic scenarios. Ukraine faces the task of finding its "ecological niche" in this quasi-global "innovation ecosystem", building its national innovation ecosystem. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this work is to form a methodological and theoretical and methodological apparatus for the development of innovation ecosystems in the transformation of quasi-global innovation policy. Research results. EU Member States, other countries involved and stakeholders have made significant progress based on an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of European research systems and the common goal of achieving lasting change in the results and effectiveness of European research. The priorities of the European Research Area are: more effective national research systems, including increased competition within national borders and sustainable or greater investment in research; optimal transnational cooperation and competition; identification and implementation of joint research programs on the biggest challenges, quality improvement through pan-European open competition, as well as the creation and effective management of key research infrastructures on a pan-European basis; creation of an open labor market for researchers - removal of obstacles to the mobility of researchers, their training and career development; gender equality and gender mainstreaming in research; optimal dissemination, access to scientific knowledge and their transfer, including through the digital ERA. The scheme of the National Innovation Ecosystem presented by us has a number of new conceptual approaches that use "ecological" elements of the scientific apparatus. In particular, ecosystem functions are more harmoniously represented: by fertilization, synthesis and adsorption of innovations and diffusion of innovations. The proposed classification of innovative players is also proposed: issuers, producers and consumers - corresponds to the concept of innovative ecosystem and harmoniously combines actors of nature management. Conclusion. As in Ukraine today, stakeholders have not had the opportunity to “apply innovation in practice” and gain experience. Therefore, it may be appropriate to link the Ukrainian innovation ecosystem at a very early stage with EU countries. The priority is not only to join Ukrainian universities and research institutions to their international counterparts, but also to train Ukrainian innovation companies on how to operate in international innovation markets. In the international context, Ukrainian firms will be required to develop and improve high-quality innovative products. The formation of new research structures, mobilization of research and innovation activities required by the Green European Deal requires the activation of the national innovation ecosystem, the core of which should be a pool of scientists and research infrastructure of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.