scholarly journals The causes and potential mitigating strategies of New Zealand residents’ negative perceptions of self-drive tourism, a Theory of constraints (TOC) approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Cho Cheung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Perfect World

<p><b>The purpose of this study is to first, explore the causes of New Zealand residents’ negative perceptions of self-drive tourism, and second, create potential strategies to mitigate such negative perceptions.</b></p> <p>To investigate the two main objectives of this study, the Theory of constraints (TOC) methodology is applied. The power of the TOC methodology is its ability to understand a complex phenomenon via presentations of logic trees. In this study, the TOC methodology is applied from the construction of interview guides through to drawing conclusions. Three essential questions namely “Why change?”, “What to change?” and “What to change to?” from the change sequence of the TOC methodology are employed.</p> <p>The findings of this study are based on the interview data from four main participant groups (Self-drive tourists, government experts, tourism academic, media, 16 participants in total) as well as surveys of residents’ perceptions (Mood of the Nation and Views on Tourism). The results of the first TOC question “Why change?” examined the gap between the “perfect world” and the actual state of the self-drive tourism system, and all participant groups agreed that the current self-drive tourism system is not achieving the “perfect world”.</p> <p>Building on the results of the first TOC question, “What to change?” sought to discover the root causes and core problems via cause-and-effect logic. The causes of residents’ negative perceptions are represented in three stages, with infrastructure, driving and self-drive tourism issues in stage 1 (fundamental issues); media issues in stage 2 magnify problems in stage 1 and eventually cause perception issues in stage 3. To address the root causes and core problems, potential mitigating strategies were developed by using the TOC methodology, followed by a logic tree to test the robustness of such proposed strategies, responding to the TOC’s “What to change to?” question.</p> <p>The discussions are mainly consistent with the literature in social psychology, tourism, self-drive tourism, management, and media studies. This study also makes theoretical and practical contributions. At a theoretical level, this thesis bridges TOC methodology and tourism, to showcase how complex tourism problems can be tackled via such methodology. It also offers a holistic view to the causes of residents’ negative perceptions, and mitigating strategies are designed to address the problems holistically, rather than a piecemeal approach dealing with a few symptoms at a time. At a practical level, this study offers stakeholders with logic maps depicting the causes of residents’ negative perceptions as well as offering mitigating strategies.</p>

scholarly journals The causes and potential mitigating strategies of New Zealand residents’ negative perceptions of self-drive tourism, a Theory of constraints (TOC) approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Cho Cheung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Perfect World

<p><b>The purpose of this study is to first, explore the causes of New Zealand residents’ negative perceptions of self-drive tourism, and second, create potential strategies to mitigate such negative perceptions.</b></p> <p>To investigate the two main objectives of this study, the Theory of constraints (TOC) methodology is applied. The power of the TOC methodology is its ability to understand a complex phenomenon via presentations of logic trees. In this study, the TOC methodology is applied from the construction of interview guides through to drawing conclusions. Three essential questions namely “Why change?”, “What to change?” and “What to change to?” from the change sequence of the TOC methodology are employed.</p> <p>The findings of this study are based on the interview data from four main participant groups (Self-drive tourists, government experts, tourism academic, media, 16 participants in total) as well as surveys of residents’ perceptions (Mood of the Nation and Views on Tourism). The results of the first TOC question “Why change?” examined the gap between the “perfect world” and the actual state of the self-drive tourism system, and all participant groups agreed that the current self-drive tourism system is not achieving the “perfect world”.</p> <p>Building on the results of the first TOC question, “What to change?” sought to discover the root causes and core problems via cause-and-effect logic. The causes of residents’ negative perceptions are represented in three stages, with infrastructure, driving and self-drive tourism issues in stage 1 (fundamental issues); media issues in stage 2 magnify problems in stage 1 and eventually cause perception issues in stage 3. To address the root causes and core problems, potential mitigating strategies were developed by using the TOC methodology, followed by a logic tree to test the robustness of such proposed strategies, responding to the TOC’s “What to change to?” question.</p> <p>The discussions are mainly consistent with the literature in social psychology, tourism, self-drive tourism, management, and media studies. This study also makes theoretical and practical contributions. At a theoretical level, this thesis bridges TOC methodology and tourism, to showcase how complex tourism problems can be tackled via such methodology. It also offers a holistic view to the causes of residents’ negative perceptions, and mitigating strategies are designed to address the problems holistically, rather than a piecemeal approach dealing with a few symptoms at a time. At a practical level, this study offers stakeholders with logic maps depicting the causes of residents’ negative perceptions as well as offering mitigating strategies.</p>

Applying the Theory of Constraints Principles to Tourism Supply Chain Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802199679
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhao ◽  
Jianrong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

Tourism supply chain management has become an important research topic as individual firms no longer compete as isolated entities but rather as supply chains in the tourism industry. Despite the evidence that benefits can be gained to improve profitability, competitiveness, and customer satisfaction, the research on how to manage the tourism supply chain is very limited. This research contributes to the literature by applying the theory of constraints (TOC) with systems thinking to tourism supply chain management. It proposes that the key issue in tourism supply chain management is the coordination of business activities and the TOC with systems thinking can effectively support tourism supply chain coordination of the various links and processes. The article examines the TOC performance measures and the drum–buffer–rope model in the context of tourism management and applies the focusing process of the TOC as a continuous improvement approach for tourism supply chain management. The research findings suggest that, given modifications to the TOC terminology and the principles, the TOC principles can work as an excellent approach to facilitate the tourism supply chain management.

scholarly journals Animals and social work: An emerging field of practice for Aotearoa New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Walker ◽  
Jenny Aimers ◽  
Claire Perry
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Social Work Educators ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
Human Animal

Social work is traditionally human-centered in practice, even though for many the bond between humans and animals is the most fundamental of daily-lived experiences. The intent of this paper is to reflect on the predominant humanistic basis of social work and to consider the growing evidence for developing a wider perspective to incorporate the human-animal connection into social work practice. Joanne Emmens (2007:9) observes that the human-animal bond is considered by some as ‘…too mainstream (in the sense of being lightweight, cliché or sentimental), or as not mainstream enough…as substantial material worthy of study.’ In this article we argue that the human-animal bond is neither sentimental nor fringe and that our attitudes toward this relationship is based on a construction of western thought. To support this we offer a review of literature that provides evidence of good practice that can move social work beyond a purely humanistic approach to a more holistic view resulting in a more comprehensive toolkit for practice. We explore the literature and practice surrounding the place of animals in social work, both in New Zealand and internationally. In addition, we identify some of the ways the human-animal bond is currently utilised in rehabilitation, therapy, as animal assistants and as an indicator of domestic violence within New Zealand. We argue that this area of research and practice is highly relevant for social work as evidence-based practice. The paper con- cludes by offering some suggestions for discussion within the social work profession, and considerations for social work educators, researchers and theorists. 

scholarly journals A Portrait of Douglas G. Pearce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Management Scholar ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Management Group

<p>I am very pleased to be offered the opportunity to write a portrait of Professor Douglas G. Pearce for Anatolia. Although an autobiographic account of Doug’s evolution from ‘Geographer to Tourism Geographer to Tourism Management scholar’ was published in Stephen Smith’s 2010 book <i>The Discovery of Tourism</i>, a comprehensive account of a four decade long contribution to our field is arguably not adequately established without insights on the breadth and depth of a pioneering scholar’s contributions by his colleagues and peers. In this context I wholeheartedly embrace this opportunity to share the views of several (indeed I hope most) of Doug’s colleagues, peers and mentees about his numerous, long-standing and enduring contributions to our field. My own position is best described by stating that I reside in both the colleague and mentee cohorts. I have had the pleasure of being Doug’s colleague in the Tourism Management Group at Victoria University of Wellington (VUW), New Zealand, and co-authored of several of Doug’s publications. But at the same time I have benefitted greatly from Doug’s advice, guidance and overall leadership of the VUW Tourism Management Group and as such regard him as a longstanding mentor. </p>

scholarly journals Exploring, modelling, and simulating the Feeling of Comfort in residential settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
German Molina
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind

<p><b>The fact that comfort is a subjective state of the mind is widely accepted by engineers, architects and building scientists. Despite this, capturing all the complexity, subjectivity and richness of this construct in models that are useful in building science contexts is far from straightforward. By prioritizing usability, building science has produced models of comfort (e.g., acoustic, visual and thermal) that overly simplify this concept to something nearly objective that can be directly associated with people’s physiology and measurable and quantifiable environmental factors. This is a contradiction because, even if comfort is supposed to be subjective, most of the complexity of “the subject” is avoided by focusing on physiology; and, even if comfort is supposed to reside in the mind, the cognitive processes that characterize the mind are disregarded. This research partially mitigates this contradiction by exploring people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition within the context of their comfort and by proposing a way in which they can be incorporated into building science research and practice. This research refers to these elements together—i.e., people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition—as “the mind”.</b></p> <p>This research proposes a new qualitative model of the Feeling of Comfort that embraces “the mind”. This model was developed from the results of a first study in which 18 people—from Chile and New Zealand—were asked to describe “a home with good daylight” and “a warm home” in their own words. These results were then replicated in a second study in which another group of 24 people—also from Chile and New Zealand—described “a home with good acoustic performance”, “a home with good air quality” and “a pleasantly cool home”. The Feeling of Comfort model not only was capable of making sense of the new data (gathered in this second study) but also proved to be simple enough to be useful in the context of comfort research and practice. For instance, it guided the development of a quantitative Feeling of Comfort model and also of a prototype building simulation tool that embraces “the mind” and thus can potentially estimate people’s Feeling of Comfort.</p> <p>This research concludes that embracing “the mind” is not only possible but necessary. The reason for this is that “the mind” plays a significant role in the development of people’s comfort. Thus, theories and models of comfort that ignore it fail to represent properly the concept of comfort held by the people for whom buildings are designed. However, incorporating “the mind” into building science’s research and practice implies embracing tools, research methods and conceptual frameworks that have historically not been used by such a discipline. Specifically, it concludes that building science should normalize a more holistic view of comfort and perform more exploratory and qualitative research.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring, modelling, and simulating the Feeling of Comfort in residential settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
German Molina
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind

<p><b>The fact that comfort is a subjective state of the mind is widely accepted by engineers, architects and building scientists. Despite this, capturing all the complexity, subjectivity and richness of this construct in models that are useful in building science contexts is far from straightforward. By prioritizing usability, building science has produced models of comfort (e.g., acoustic, visual and thermal) that overly simplify this concept to something nearly objective that can be directly associated with people’s physiology and measurable and quantifiable environmental factors. This is a contradiction because, even if comfort is supposed to be subjective, most of the complexity of “the subject” is avoided by focusing on physiology; and, even if comfort is supposed to reside in the mind, the cognitive processes that characterize the mind are disregarded. This research partially mitigates this contradiction by exploring people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition within the context of their comfort and by proposing a way in which they can be incorporated into building science research and practice. This research refers to these elements together—i.e., people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition—as “the mind”.</b></p> <p>This research proposes a new qualitative model of the Feeling of Comfort that embraces “the mind”. This model was developed from the results of a first study in which 18 people—from Chile and New Zealand—were asked to describe “a home with good daylight” and “a warm home” in their own words. These results were then replicated in a second study in which another group of 24 people—also from Chile and New Zealand—described “a home with good acoustic performance”, “a home with good air quality” and “a pleasantly cool home”. The Feeling of Comfort model not only was capable of making sense of the new data (gathered in this second study) but also proved to be simple enough to be useful in the context of comfort research and practice. For instance, it guided the development of a quantitative Feeling of Comfort model and also of a prototype building simulation tool that embraces “the mind” and thus can potentially estimate people’s Feeling of Comfort.</p> <p>This research concludes that embracing “the mind” is not only possible but necessary. The reason for this is that “the mind” plays a significant role in the development of people’s comfort. Thus, theories and models of comfort that ignore it fail to represent properly the concept of comfort held by the people for whom buildings are designed. However, incorporating “the mind” into building science’s research and practice implies embracing tools, research methods and conceptual frameworks that have historically not been used by such a discipline. Specifically, it concludes that building science should normalize a more holistic view of comfort and perform more exploratory and qualitative research.</p>

The Effect of Cultural Values in Mobile Payment Preference

2017 ◽  
pp. 248-263
Author(s):  
Jashim Khan ◽  
Jean-Éric Pelet ◽  
Gary James Rivers ◽  
Na Zuo
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Negative Perceptions

The purpose of this study is to compare French and New Zealand consumers' perceptions of mobile payments (m-payments) relative to other options to identify the preferred mode of payment and related spending behaviour. Evidence suggests that payment modes can influence spending behaviours and therefore this is important to commerce to promote payment modes that facilitate transactions. Using the Perceptions of Payment Mode (PPM) scale (Khan et al., 2015), this study was able to identify cultural differences on perceptions of cash payments, though both countries' consumers held negative perceptions of, and emotions towards, m-payments relative to other options. The empirical results are useful in understanding cultural aspects of payment modes and for companies to recognise consumers' associations with these modes to enhance relations, services and the use of m-payments.

Influence of country of origin and type of information exchanged on consequences of offshore service sentiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Gary Gregory ◽  
Shawn Thelen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Service Quality ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Service Exchange ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis research extends existing services offshoring literature by investigating how the type of information exchanged, technical support or personal billing, in conjunction with country-of-service-origin (COSO) influences consumer likelihood to react negatively (boycott issue importance, NWOM, perceived service quality) to an offshore service exchange.Design/methodology/approachStructural equations modelling is employed to assess relationships among constructs when country of service origin (New Zealand and the Philippines) and type of service provided (technical support and personal billing services) are varied. Using a scenario-based experimental design we collected 337 responses from a consumer panel across Australia.FindingsResults indicate that both COSO and type of information exchanged affect service sentiment. Overall, consumers feel more negative and more likely to punish a company for offshoring to culturally dissimilar countries such as the Philippines than to culturally similar ones such as New Zealand. However, consumers were more concerned with personal billing services provided from offshore providers than technical support, regardless of COSO.Practical implicationsPractitioners need to understand customer sentiment about services offshoring in general as well as the relationship between service type and country of service origin when designing the global service supply chain.Originality/valueThis study extends theory by applying a multi-dimensional portfolio perspective in examining customer sentiment of offshore services. Understanding the underlying bases of customer concerns and how companies can mitigate negative perceptions allows firms to better manage service offshore strategy.

Symmetry and Antisymmetry in Maori Rafter Designs

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. H. Donnay ◽  
Gabrielle Donnay
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Translational Symmetry ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Geometrical Symmetry ◽  
Color Scheme ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

The Maori settled in New Zealand in the eighth or ninth centuries A.D.; the Europeans, many centuries later. Maori meeting houses are very ornate: besides carved wood figures, painted black-red-white designs embellish rafters and structural posts. These designs stand out as highly sophisticated examples of the twenty-four known band groups of 2-dimensional 1-translational symmetry G21 and antisymmetry (G21)′ The two independent symmetry elements, periodically repeated by lattice p or antilattice p′, are any two of the following: mirror m and antimirror m′, both either transverse or longitudinal; glide plane a or antiglide plane a′, longitudinal only; and two-fold rotation axis 2 or anti-axis 2′. Pseudosymmetry is common and obviously intentional: desymmetrization is achieved by added motifs, inserted along the edges of the band, at cell boundaries or inside the main design, which possess their own symmetries, always lower than that of the original design. The resulting symmetry of the whole is the symmetry common to the superposed patterns. Desymmetrization is also obtained by topological deformations of the design or deviations from the color scheme imposed by antisymmetry. Such irregularities led to Herbert Williams' hypothesis that the artist worked in two stages: tracing the outline and working in the color [1]. This conjecture finds support in group theory: the geometrical symmetry group involving no change of color (stage 1) is turned into an antisymmetry group (stage 2), as red goes to black and black goes to red under antisymmetry operations. The international symmetry notation of crystallographers is shown to be well suited to describe the Maori designs.

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