scholarly journals Systematic studies on the Holothuroidea of the New Zealand region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Leo Pawson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
External Relationships

<p>A systematic account of the holothurians of the New Zealand region is given, together with diagnoses of orders, families, sub-families, genera and species. The report is based on a total of 970 specimens, which comprise 18 genera, including Mensamariella n.g., and 25 species, including Protankyra rigida, Chiridota alleni, Chiridota mortenseni, Neothyonidium armatum, and Trachythyone squamata, spp.nov. Genera and species known in the fauna, but not encountered during the course of the present study, are diagnosed, and their systematic positions and distribution patterns are briefly considered. The distribution of known holothurians within the New Zealand region is discussed, as also are the external relationships and ultimate derivation of the group. The taxonomic state of the Class as a whole is indicated, and comments are made on the reliability of systematic characters within each group, together with some suggestions for modification and possible improvement of the present-day situation.</p>

scholarly journals Systematic studies on the Holothuroidea of the New Zealand region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Leo Pawson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
External Relationships

<p>A systematic account of the holothurians of the New Zealand region is given, together with diagnoses of orders, families, sub-families, genera and species. The report is based on a total of 970 specimens, which comprise 18 genera, including Mensamariella n.g., and 25 species, including Protankyra rigida, Chiridota alleni, Chiridota mortenseni, Neothyonidium armatum, and Trachythyone squamata, spp.nov. Genera and species known in the fauna, but not encountered during the course of the present study, are diagnosed, and their systematic positions and distribution patterns are briefly considered. The distribution of known holothurians within the New Zealand region is discussed, as also are the external relationships and ultimate derivation of the group. The taxonomic state of the Class as a whole is indicated, and comments are made on the reliability of systematic characters within each group, together with some suggestions for modification and possible improvement of the present-day situation.</p>

Recent research on landslide dams - a literature review with special attention to New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Korup
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Landslide Dam ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Landslide Dams ◽  
Spatio Temporal

More than a decade has passed since the publication of the benchmark paper of Costa and Schuster (Costa, J.E. and Schuster, R.L. 1988: The formation and failure of natural dams. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, 1054-68) on the formation and failure of natural dams. This review takes a critical look at recent trends and developments in international and New Zealand-based research on landslide dams. Temporary or permanent stream blockages by mass movements commonly occur in steep terrain, and gradually receive more attention and awareness with increasing population and land use pressure in upland regions. Different approaches in methodology and their relevance and application potential for engineering and mitigative measures are reviewed and several shortcomings outlined, with a view towards possible future research directions. A high percentage of previous work on landslide dams has been mainly descriptive in character, and has produced a multitude of documented case studies. Recent attempts to redress the balance have included the establishment of global and nationwide databases (inventories) of landslide dams, progress in predictive, quantitative and GIS-based modelling. Furthermore, interpretative approaches towards the reconstruction of former stream blockages and their spatio-temporal distribution patterns have been pursued, which may assist assessments of present and future geomorphic hazards. Both such appraisals as well as management strategies in mountainous regions in general, will have to rely on key data efficiently extracted from a plethora of case examples. Further work includes consideration of temporal and permanent landslide-triggered stream impoundments within Quaternary landscape evolution, quantification of sediment budgets and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Overall, there is still a considerable lack of understanding of geomorphic forms and processes involved with landslide-dam formation, stability and failure, part of which is inherent in the often ephemeral nature of stream blockages in coupled hillslope-valley systems.

A revision of the family Galaxiidae (Pisces) in Tasmania

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Nine species of the genus Galaxias and one species of the genus Paragalaxias are found to be represented in Tasmania. The taxonomy, meristic and morphometric variation of each species is examined and data on the distribution, life history and ecology are presented together with references and synonymy. At the commencement of the present study previous works credited a total of 16 species in four genera to Tasmania distributed as follows: Galaxias, 12 species, Paragalaxias, 1 species, Saxilaga, 2 species and Brachygalaxias, 2 subspecies. In the present study G. scopus Scott is shown to be a synonym of G. truttaceus Valenciennes, G. affinis Regan and G. coxii Macleay are shown to be synonyms of G. brevipinnis Gunther which is recorded for the first time from the Australian mainland. The two species currently referred to the genus Saxilaga, S. cleaveri Scott and S. anguilliformis Scott, together with G. upcheri Scott are found to represent one species of Galaxias. The type locality of G. auratus Johnston is shown to be Lake Sorell and the type locality of G. upcheri is more accurately defined than in previous works. The two subspecies of Brachygalaxias, B. pusillus tasmaniensis Scott and B. pusillus flindersiensis Scott, are treated as one species of Galaxias. The Tasmanian galaxiid fauna is compared and contrasted with the galaxiid faunas of mainland Australia and New Zealand and the distribution patterns and zoogeographic considerations are discussed.

scholarly journals The distribution of DMSP in green macroalgae from northern New Zealand, eastern Australia and southern Tasmania

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Van Alstyne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Host Alga

The sulphonium compound dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is commonly found in temperate green macroalgae. To examine taxonomic and regional and local geographical patterns of DMSP production in Australasian algae, I collected 30 species of green algae from 14 sites in three regions, eastern Australia, Tasmania, Australia, and the North Island of New Zealand. The distribution of DMSP content was similar to that seen from other areas of the world. DMSP was found in high concentrations in Ulva and Codium spp. It tended to be undetectable or in lower concentrations in other members of the orders Bryopsidales and Cladophorales. There was no evidence for differences in concentrations among the three regions in the genera Codium and Ulva; however, the invasive subspecies of Codium fragile, C. fragile ssp. tomentosoides, had significantly higher concentrations of DMSP than the non-invasive subspecies. The herbivorous sea slug Elysia maoria had whole body concentrations that were not significantly different from those of its host alga C. fragile ssp. tomentosoides. The distribution patterns of DMSP in Codium spp. do not support the hypothesis that DMSP is used as an antioxidant in this genus. Based on the data collected here and previous reports from the literature, I speculate that one function of DMSP in these algae may be to deter herbivores.

scholarly journals Zoning of waters in the Australian-New Zealand sector of the South Ocean by the example of distribution of pelagic ostracods from subclass Myodocopa

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Chavtur ◽  
Ekaterina R. Mazdygan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The South ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Pelagic Ostracods ◽  
South Ocean ◽  
South Polar

Distribution of mass antarctic, subantarctic, antarctic-subantarctic and tropical-subtropical interzonal pelagic ostracods is considered depending on structure and dynamics of waters in the Australian-New Zealand sector of the South Ocean on the base of authors’ and cited data. The species are separated latitudelly and vertically, that probably diminishes competition between them. Biogeographic boundaries of the subantarctic and antarctic zones determined by the ostracods distribution patterns are close to the South Polar and Subpolar Fronts.

Biogeographic congruence in the South Pacific

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Seberg
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
General Area ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Ever since J. D. Hooker's famous 'Introductory Essay' to Flora NOVE-Zelandise, a classical problem in biogeography has been to give a casual explanation of southern hemisphere distribution patterns. An attempt is made to see whether the cladograms for the circum-Pacific areas (South America, New Zealand, Tasmania and Australia) are congruent. The area cladograms are derived from Nothofagus (Fagacae), Embothriinae (Protaceae), Oreobolus (Cyperaceae), Cyttaria (Helotiales) and Eriococcidae (Homoptera). The resulting general area cladogram showing southern South America as the sister-area to New Zealand, south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, and Tasmania plus south-eastern Australia as sister-areas to New Zealand are compared with different geological hypotheses for the area. The biological area cladogram is shown to be congruent with widely different geological hypotheses.

Revision of the New Zealand species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera : Empidoidea : Ragas-group)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Sinclair ◽  
Ian D. McLellan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Alpine Fault ◽  
Montane Streams

The New Zealand species of Hydropeza Sinclair are revised and include the following ten species: H. agnetis, sp. nov., H. akatarawa, sp. nov., H. clarae, sp. nov., H. daviesi, sp. nov., H. longipennae (Miller), H. milleri, sp. nov., H. paniculata, sp. nov., H. tutoko, sp. nov., H. vockerothi, sp. nov. and H. wardi, sp. nov. All species are described and male genitalia illustrated. Adults skate about on pools and below small cascades in cool montane streams. The New Zealand fauna is divided into two groups, with the H. longipennae-group assigned as the sister-group to all remaining species of the genus. Only one species is currently known from North Island, with all remaining species confined primarily to west of the Alpine Fault in South Island. The distribution patterns in South Island are examined and implications discussed.

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