scholarly journals Royal Polis Policy in the Seleukid Heartland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christopher Mark de L'isle
Keyword(s):  
Free Association ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Full Independence ◽  
City States ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In the Hellenistic Period most of the Greek poleis (city-states) came under the control of the Greco-Macedonian kings. The ideology of the poleis, which stressed the importance of autonomy, conflicted with the reality of royal domination. In Western Asia Minor, this conflict was resolved by presenting the relationship between king and polis as one of free association, in which the poleis were allowed a large amount of autonomy. The kings used ideas of reciprocity to tie the poleis to them and worked to make their rule as amenable as possible, while the poleis of Western Asia Minor continued to aspire to complete independence.  This was not the only possible resolution of the conflict between polis autonomy and royal dominance, however. In the Seleukid heartland of Syria and Mesopotamia the Seleukids founded and maintained new poleis. By means of names, myths, and symbols, the identities of these poleis were closely linked to the Seleukid dynasty. As a result, expressions of polis identity were expressions of loyalty to the dynasty, rather than of opposition. Their internal structures were based around an alliance between the royally-appointed epistatēs and the magistrates of the city, who represented a small civic elite. Royal support was thus important to the internal power structure of these poleis.  The poleis of the Seleukid heartland did not pursue full independence, even when the Seleukid royal power collapsed at the end of the Hellenistic period because, entirely unlike the poleis of Western Asia Minor, submission to a higher power was a central part of their identities and internal structures.</p>

scholarly journals Royal Polis Policy in the Seleukid Heartland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christopher Mark de L'isle
Keyword(s):  
Free Association ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Full Independence ◽  
City States ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In the Hellenistic Period most of the Greek poleis (city-states) came under the control of the Greco-Macedonian kings. The ideology of the poleis, which stressed the importance of autonomy, conflicted with the reality of royal domination. In Western Asia Minor, this conflict was resolved by presenting the relationship between king and polis as one of free association, in which the poleis were allowed a large amount of autonomy. The kings used ideas of reciprocity to tie the poleis to them and worked to make their rule as amenable as possible, while the poleis of Western Asia Minor continued to aspire to complete independence.  This was not the only possible resolution of the conflict between polis autonomy and royal dominance, however. In the Seleukid heartland of Syria and Mesopotamia the Seleukids founded and maintained new poleis. By means of names, myths, and symbols, the identities of these poleis were closely linked to the Seleukid dynasty. As a result, expressions of polis identity were expressions of loyalty to the dynasty, rather than of opposition. Their internal structures were based around an alliance between the royally-appointed epistatēs and the magistrates of the city, who represented a small civic elite. Royal support was thus important to the internal power structure of these poleis.  The poleis of the Seleukid heartland did not pursue full independence, even when the Seleukid royal power collapsed at the end of the Hellenistic period because, entirely unlike the poleis of Western Asia Minor, submission to a higher power was a central part of their identities and internal structures.</p>

scholarly journals Archaeological Evidence of the Relationship of the Cimmerians with the Phrygian and Lydian Kingdoms in the 7th c. B.C.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.В. Чочиев
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

В статье предпринята попытка обзора результатов раскопочных работ последних десятилетий, связанных с активностью киммерийцев в центральной и за- падной Малой Азии. Несмотря на то, что недавние исследования ставят под сомнение некоторые сообщения античных авторов о роли киммерийцев в военно-политических процессах в регионе в VII в. до н. э., в частности факт захвата и разрушения ими Гордио- на, выявленные к настоящему времени во фригийских и лидийских центрах артефакты в сочетании со следами интенсивного фортификационного строительства указыва- ют на критическую важность кочевнического фактора и серьезность созданной им для местных цивилизаций угрозы в рассматриваемый период. The article attempts to review the results of excavation work of recent decades related to the activity of the Cimmerians in central and western Asia Minor. Despite the fact that recent studies cast doubt on some reports of ancient authors about the role of the Cimmerians in the military and political processes in the region in the 7th c. B.C., particularly the fact of the capture and destruction of Gordion by them, artifacts found to date in the Phrygian and Lydian centers in combination with traces of intensive fortifi cation construction indicate the critical importance of the nomadic factor and the seriousness of the threat it created for local civilizations during the period under review.

John’s Apocalypse in Relation to Johannine, Pauline, and Other Forms of Christianity in Asia Minor

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Paul Trebilco
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
John's Gospel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Reaction ◽  
John's Apocalypse

Revelation was addressed to seven churches in western Asia Minor. What John writes in Revelation shows us that there are a range of differing viewpoints in these seven churches. One group that is present is the Nicolaitans, to whom John is adamantly opposed. Paul founded churches in western Asia Minor, and 1–2 Timothy informs us that the Pauline tradition continued in the area. It is likely that John’s Gospel and 1–2–3 John were written in Ephesus. This raises the question of the relationship between Revelation and other forms of Christianity, including the Johannine and Pauline traditions. This will be considered by looking at the issues of acculturation, assimilation and accommodation, eating idol-meat, attitudes to imperial rule, material possessions and leadership and the locus of authority in Revelation, 1–2 Timothy and 1–2–3 John. Overall, it is argued that John writes to Christians of a variety of persuasions and that he anticipates that he will receive a mixed reaction from his readers.

6. Priene

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Peter Thonemann
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In the mid-4th century bc, the small Greek city of Priene was founded in the Maeander river valley in western Asia Minor. It flourished for around 250 years, before the city’s harbours were sealed by silt from the Maeander. Most of the known Greek inscriptions and public documents (civic decrees, honorific statue-bases, letters from Hellenistic kings) from Priene date from the 1st century bc or earlier and provide an exceptionally clear and vivid picture of life in the Hellenistic city. ‘Priene’ focuses on this perfectly preserved example of an ordinary small Hellenistic town. It outlines the planning of the city, the relationship that the citizens had with the Hellenistic kings, and the changing patterns of social change.

Geography and History in Western Asia Minor in the Second Millennium B.C.

1968 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Macqueen
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Relationship

Any examination of the geography of western Asia Minor in the second millennium B.C. must begin with the accounts of two campaigns—(a) that of Mursilis II against Arzawa, and (b) that of a Hittite king (probably also Mursilis, but perhaps Muwatallis), against the Lukka-lands and Millawanda. In each case the route followed by the Hittite army is given:Two things are clear from these accounts. First, the campaigns start off in the same general direction, as they both pass through Sallapa. Secondly, after Sallapa they diverge. There are no names beyond Sallapa common to the two, and there is no suggestion that all the later names in each list must be closely grouped in neighbouring areas reached by a common long march from Hattusas. But it is worthwhile, I think, to try to establish more closely the relationship between the two routes, and to build up a pattern in the hope that it can be applied to existing geographical and archaeological considerations.

scholarly journals Recent Excavations in Asia Minor

1903 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 335-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Western Asia

This paper does not profess to give anything more than a brief account of the important results obtained by the German and Austrian excavators up to the time of my visit to these sites in June. I should like in particular to direct the attention of English archaeologists to Western Asia Minor as a field of research that is practically untouched, especially as regards remains of the Hellenistic period. Brilliant results await the scientific explorer of important sites such as Sardis, Tralies, Laodicea, and Apamea, and all these are extremely easy of access. The English traveller cannot help feeling ashamed of English archaeology when he sees the unintelligible mass of ruins and brushwood that covers the site of the Artemisium at Ephesus.

‘I Will Give to Each of You as Your Works Deserve’: Witchcraft Accusations and the Fiery-Eyed Son of God in Rev 2.18–23

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The Revelation of John presents to its readers a scenario that describes the oppression and persecution of the early Christian communities of western Asia Minor by external pagan forces (specifically, the Roman government). Later Christian tradition tied the Apocalypse to the later years of the reign of Domitian and consequently dubbed that emperor a second Nero. Until relatively recently, this scenario has been affirmed by both the church and the academy. However, mid-twentieth century scholarship successfully challenged the validity of this viewpoint, based upon a review of the historical evidence. Since that time, scholars have scrambled to reconcile the historical world lying behind the Apocalypse with the narrative world presented by the text. Such figures as James A. T. Robinson, Adela Yarbro Collins, and Leonard Thompson have considerably advanced the discussion in our time. However, these recent attempts to detail the relationship between Christianity and pagan society have so dominated the attention of scholars that a serious discussion of the tensions within the Asia Minor Christian communities has been largely neglected. The present study is offered as a partial corrective to this trend.

Alexander the Great and Democracy in the Hellenistic World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Wallace
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks at how Alexander the Great was remembered by democratic regimes in both Athens and Asia Minor in the early Hellenistic period. It argues that while Alexander’s reputation as a patron of democracy remained remarkably consistent in Asia Minor—his example was invoked as late as the first century BCE—he could be remembered in Athens as both a threat to, and a guarantor of, democracy. The reasons are twofold. First, Alexander supported tyrannies/oligarchies in Greece and democracies in Asia Minor. Second, his memory was employed in different ways by both kings and cities depending on their own political needs. Ultimately, this chapter argues that the memory of Alexander acted as a formative influence on the development of the relationship between city and king in the Hellenistic period by offering both positive and negative models for interaction between democratic states and authoritarian monarchs.

The Milyas and the Attalids: a Decree of the City of Olbasa and a New Royal Letter of the Second Century B.C.

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kearsley
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The City

The site of Olbasa was first identified by the discovery of two Latin imperial inscriptions near the modern village of Belenli in 1842 and even today the surviving evidence from Olbasa (including as it does both texts and coins) still belongs chiefly to the imperial period. Olbasa's prominence then stemmed from the fact that it was “refounded” by Augustus as a military colony. Very little has been pieced together of the history and development of the city prior to the arrival of the Romans and the present inscription, therefore, represents a large advance on our knowledge of Olbasa in the Hellenistic period as well as contributing to our understanding of developments in the region at large.Modern research on the area of south-western Asia Minor now known as Lycia and Pisidia has been greatly assisted by the work of George Bean and Alan Hall both of whom published major articles containing topographical discussions and many previously unknown inscriptions. The Pisidian Survey Project led by Stephen Mitchell has also contributed greatly to our historical understanding of the region in both the Hellenistic and Roman periods by the archaeological studies conducted at the cities of Antioch by Pisidia, Sagalassos, Cremna and Ariassos.

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

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