scholarly journals The impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Abubakar Aminu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria utilizing the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model of cointegration covering the period of 25 years from 1995 to 2019. The findings reveal that education tax and investment in human capital have positive and significant effect on the growth of the Nigerian economy over the sampled period. The paper recommends that in order to boost the economy, Nigeria would need to, among other policy frameworks, provide a suitable environment for ensuring macro-economic stability through effective utilization of income from education tax that will encourage increased investment in human capital in the public sector. In addition to income from education tax, for effective and speedy economic growth and development in Nigeria, the government, beneficiaries (students/parents), employers of labor and other stakeholders in the society should share the responsibility for financing primary, secondary and tertiary education, so as to provide a solid foundation for human capital development. However, as revealed in this paper, the contribution of education tax and investment in human capital is most likely to be realized over a long-run period than in the short term. Keywords: Education Tax; Investment; Human capital; Economic growth

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwell Nteegah ◽  
Mansi Nelson ◽  
Moses Owede
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth in Nigeria. In order to achieve the objectives of examining the trend in trade and growth and impact of trade liberalization on economic growth, times series data were sourced and analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL). Findings from the study revealed that oil export and non-oil import impacted positively and significantly on economic growth both in the short and long runs. The results also show that oil and non-oil imports retarded economic growth in both short and long run periods. Specifically, oil import was found to significantly diminished economic growth in Nigeria. Nigeria imports refined petroleum products hence spends huge financial resources to finance its imports. This has affected the economy negatively as funds meant for other developmental purposes are spent on petroleum products importation. Based on these findings, the study suggests increase in oil export by providing conducive environment for oil operations, improvement in non-oil export by diversifying the products base of the economy and building local capacity in oil exploration and refining in order to end petroleum products imports in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The role of the coffee industry in sustainable economic development in Vietnam

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Anh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Thu Hang Thi Vo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Bounds Test ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of coffee industry on economic growth of Vietnam. This research has used historic data for coffee production, consumption, exports, and coffee stock for Vietnam, thus this research has followed a quantitative design. The data in this research has been collected from the time period ranging from 1990 to 2018. There are several techniques that were applied in E-views such as descriptive statistics, bounds test, and autoregressive distributed lag model. The results of ARDL model indicate that in the short run coffee industry has an influence on the economic growth in Vietnam. It can be stated that for the short-run the null hypothesis is rejected stating that domestic consumption, exportable consumption, gross opening stock, and total coffee production have impacts over the gross domestic product (GDP) of Vietnam. The results of Bounds test show there is a significant impact of coffee industry on the economic growth of Vietnam in the long run as well.

scholarly journals Does Foreign Direct Investment Generate Long-Term Growth in Ghana?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Arthur Benedict ◽  
Kyei Baffour Tutu ◽  
Afenya Millicent Salase
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government

In pursuant to sustainable economic growth on the ticket of FDI-led growth hypothesis, the government of Ghana has instituted a myriad of thoughtful policy reforms to help boost the economy to realize a self-sustaining economic growth. To some extent, the policies might have paid off as the country was named the highest recipient of FDI in West Africa in 2018. However, the supposed upsurge in the inflow of foreign direct investment in the country and its expected long-run spillover benefits have not been tangibly felt in the region as the economy continues to oscillate. Therefore, this study utilized two methods; the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and the variance decomposition method (VDM) to empirically examine economic growth of Ghana as a function of foreign direct investment (FDI) whiles controlling for exchange rate, financial development, trade oppeness and employment rate. The results of the study endorses the FDI-led growth for Ghana by indicating that a positive long run causal impact flows from FDI to economic growth. The findings from the VDM test affirm the results are robust and reliable. Therefore, the study suggests that government should amplify FDI inflow via policies like incentives to draw more foreign investors directly into other sectors other than the conventional sectors gratified by foreign investors.

scholarly journals Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: A Re-examination of FDI and Growth in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
ANH PHẠM THẾ ◽  
ĐÀO NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model

This study examines the econometric and empirical evidence of both causal and long-run relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Vietnam, covering a time span of 21 years from 1991 to 2012. The recent and robust methodology of bounds testing or autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) approach to Cointegration is employed for the empirical analysis. This technique can capture both short-run and long-run dynamics of variables, particularly in small sample size cases. The findings indicate the existence of a Cointegration relationship between the two time series and a modest adjustment process from short-run to long-run equilibrium. Further results from Granger causality tests conducted within the error correction model confirm a bi-directional causality between economic growth and FDI over the study period.

SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN IMPACT OF INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH TOWARDS POVERTY IN INDONESIA: ARDL APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Murjani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

 Poverty alleviation has become a vigorous program in the world in recent decades. In line with the efforts applied by the government in various countries to reduce poverty, some evaluations have been practised. The impacts of macroeconomic variables such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth have been commonly employed to be assessed for their impact on the poverty. Previous studies in Indonesia yielded mix results regarding the impact of such macroeconomic variables on the poverty. Different methods and time reference issue were the suspected causes. This paper aims to overcome such problem by utilising the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) equipped with the latest time of observations. This paper finds in the long-run, inflation, unemployment, and economic growth significantly influence the poverty. In the short-run, only inflation and economic growth are noted affecting poverty significantly. 

scholarly journals The Link Between Economic Growth, Crime and Deterrence Measures in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Adenuga Fabian Adekoya ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Cost Of Crime ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The level of crime in Nigeria has become devastating and in order to put more sanity into the economy and the country at large, the Government has embarked on different deterrence measures in curbing crime. Thus, this study examined the interaction of deterrence measures with crime in order to see how economic growth was affected when they were used in curbing crime at different instances. That is, the interaction of deterrence measures with crime informed us how they have helped in lowering crime in Nigeria for a better economic growth to subsist. The deterrence measures considered in this work are in line with the rational choice theory being the cost of crime imposed on the society. Furthermore, this study considered data from 1975 to 2013 with the use of autoregressive distributed lag model. Moreover, the results showed that crime dependency on deterrence measures asymmetrically constituted means of lowering economic growth in the country. Hence, this study suggested that prosecution should be well funded and in order to curb crime and improve economic growth in Nigeria. That is, this would afford the country to reduce the congestion of prison inmates and thus, it would discourage long waiting trials.

scholarly journals The relationship between foreign direct investment, financial development and growth economic in Next-11 Countries: a PMG/ARDL estimation

Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
Bilal Louail ◽  
Mohamed Salah Zouita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

Summary This study investigates the relationship between FDI, economic growth and financial development in the Next 11 countries. An analysis of the results was performed accordingly on the panel data gathered from the Next 11 countries from 1985 to 2019— using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation method and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model approach (ARDL). The results indicate an impact of both economic growth and financial development on the FDI flows to the study of countries during the period between 1985 and 2019 in the long run, while no such proof is affirmed in the short run. This study’s contribution provides a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between FDI, economic growth, and financial development by providing decision-makers to understand the nature of the dynamic association between the study variables. This study provides empirical evidence about the association between inflows of FDI, economic growth and financial development within the context of the Next-11 countries. The previous literature lacks empirical study on the relationship between variables of study for the Next-11 countries.

scholarly journals Primary School Enrolment, Public Spending on Education and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Simeon Gbimoiye Nenbee ◽  
Igbogidi Eseoghene Danielle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

This paper investigates the effect of primary school enrolment and public education spending on Nigeria’s economic growth using the Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) for the period 1987 and 2017. The coefficient of the error correction model (ECM) reveals a negative sign of -0.304216 which implies that any disequilibrium in the system in the previous year will be corrected at a speed of 30.42 percent annually. Both the short run and long run models were nicely fitted with high coefficients of determination (R2) of about 62 percent.  The analysis of the result also showed that primary school enrolment rate and public expenditure on education increased but their effects were less impactful on Nigeria’s economic growth. These findings perhaps could be attributed to the poor state of classrooms across, poor teacher-pupil ratio, unstable macroeconomic environment, dearth of instructional materials and more. The paper thus recommend that there should be re-design of  educational strategies by the government to include enrolment campaigns, alternative learning programs, pro-poor economic incentive and more, especially at the basic education level and also increased her  budgetary allocation to education sector  in line with UNESCO recommendation of about 26 percent.   Received: 9 June 2021 / Accepted: 28 September 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Taxation, Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in South Africa. A fresh evidence from combined cointegration test

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delani Moyo ◽  
Ahmed Samour ◽  
Turgut Tursoy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between taxation, government expenditure and economic growth. is a widely debated issue in the literature. The aim of this research is to present a fresh evidence from the nexus of taxation, government expenditure and economic growth in for the period 1991-2018 in South Africa, using recently developed combined co-integration test. Autoregressive Distributed Lag model(ARDL) is utilized to examine coefficients between the variables in the short and long-run The newly advanced Bayer-Hacks (BH) combined co-integration approach is employed so as to verify the ARDL bounds result. The empirical results from ARDL model revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in both short and long run. In addition, the study shows that tax revenue has a significant positive relationship with the economic growth. Therefore, levels of taxation and government expenditure are favorable to the growth of economy in South Africa. The research proposed that decision makers in South Africa should pay more attention on Taxation and government expenditure policies and the gains from economic growth such as channel much of its expenditure towards the manufacturing and agricultural sectors, which have great potentials of increasing the supply of the products. Which in turn leads to reduce prices and increase in the rates of employment. This would, also make the country’s exports prices competitive.

scholarly journals Does Inflation have Effect on Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Raima Nazar ◽  
Aisha Ambreen ◽  
Sumbal Sabtain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Technique

Pakistan is one of the developing countries instead of possessing large amount of natural resources like mines, reserves of coal, adequate amount of minerals and oil, But, Pakistan is still deprived of basic necessities of life and suffering from extreme inflation in the country. Therefore, this study is an attempt to synopsis the impact of inflation on GDP of Pakistan. This study mainly focus on the inflation rate from the period 1980 to 2016, time series annual data has been employed in the study. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model technique is applied in the study in order to estimate and analyze the data. The study concludes that inflation indicates negative impact on the GDP of Pakistan and it can only be minimized if all resources of the country are properly allocated and fully utilized.

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