Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Placental Tissue Levels of Interleukin-17 as a Possible Marker for Preterm Labor in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the levels of interleukin (IL) – 17 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and placental tissue samples of pregnant females as a possible marker in determining whether or not an association exists between chronic periodontitis and preterm labor. Methods: This case-control study included a random sample of 40 female patients, aged 18 to 35 years, who were assigned to one of the following four groups (10 subjects each): group 1 included patients who underwent spontaneous preterm birth (PB) and were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis upon clinical examination (preterm/periodontitis); group 2 included patients who underwent spontaneous PB and who had a healthy periodontium upon clinical examination (preterm/healthy periodontium); group 3 included patients who underwent spontaneous normal term birth and were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis upon clinical examination (term/periodontitis); and group 4 included patients who underwent spontaneous normal term birth and who had a healthy periodontium upon clinical examination (term/healthy periodontium). GCF and placental tissue samples were obtained from each patient and IL-17 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: GCF levels of IL-17 were significantly higher (P=0.010) in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to those with a healthy periodontium. No significant differences were observed in IL-17 levels in placental tissue samples of all study groups. Conclusion: An association between chronic periodontitis and preterm labor could not be established based on IL-17 levels measured in the present study.

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Salivary Levels of IL-6 and IL-17 Could Be an Indicator of Disease Severity in Patients with Calculus Associated Chronic Periodontitis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8531961 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Husniah Batool ◽

Ahmed Nadeem ◽

Muhammad Kashif ◽

Faheem Shahzad ◽

Romeeza Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background/Purpose. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gums that causes loss of supporting structures of teeth, that is, gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Levels of various cytokines in the serum, gingival tissues, and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis have been studied, but limited data are available on the level of cytokines in saliva. Therefore, a study was designed to determine levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 in patients with calculus associated chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods. It was a comparative, cross-sectional study that is comprised of 41 healthy controls and 41 calculus associated chronic periodontitis patients (CP patients). According to the degree of attachment loss, CP patients were subcategorized as mild (CAL 1-2 mm), moderate (CAL 3-4 mm), and severe (CAL > 5 mm) forms of periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results. Between healthy controls and CP patients (moderate and severe disease), a statistically significant difference was observed in the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17. In CP patients, the highest mean ± SD of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 was observed in severe CP, followed by moderate and mild CP. Regarding level of IL-6, a statistically significant difference was observed between mild and severe disease and between moderate and severe subcategories of CP patients. Similarly, statistically significant difference was observed in the level of IL-17 between mild and moderate, mild and severe disease, and moderate and severe disease. Conclusion. The levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 were increased significantly in calculus associated CP patients as compared to healthy controls and these levels increased with the progression of CP. Clinical Significance. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 may help in the subcategorization of CP.

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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and Serum of Chronic Periodontitis Patients

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/7850392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yveth Marlene Ortiz-García ◽

Trinidad García-Iglesias ◽

Gabriela Morales-Velazquez ◽

Blanca Patricia Lazalde-Ramos ◽

Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Inhibitory Factor ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Macrophage Migration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an infection that affects the teeth supporting structure. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important effector cytokine of the innate immune system. Due to its functional characteristics, MIF may be involved in the immunopathology of CP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MIF levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of CP patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into two groups: subjects with CP (n= 30) and periodontally healthy subjects without CP (n=30). MIF was quantified in GCF, saliva, and serum of all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIF concentrations were higher in GCF, saliva, and serum in the group with CP compared with the group without CP and a higher MIF concentration was observed in GCF (p=0.001) and saliva (p=0.009) in the group with CP. MIF intragroup comparisons between fluids demonstrated significant high levels of MIF in saliva compared with GCF and serum in both study groups (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between clinical signs and MIF concentration in GCF (p<0.05). There is an association between the MIF and the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, MIF could have an important role in the pathology and progression of CP.

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Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/362905 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Paschalina Goutoudi ◽

Evdoxia Diza ◽

Malamatenia Arvanitidou

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 6 ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis prior to and following surgical and/or nonsurgical periodontal therapy for a period of 32 weeks.Methods. GCF samples were obtained from 24 nondiseased and 72 diseased sites of 12 periodontal patients prior to as well as at 6, 16, and 32 weeks following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. Periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters. Both treatment modalities resulted in similar IL-6 as well as IL-8 levels. Mean IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in non-diseased compared to diseased sites and increased significantly following treatment in diseased sites. Mean total amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 (TAIL-6, TAIL-8) did not differ significantly between diseased and nondiseased sites, while following therapy TAIL-8 levels decreased significantly.Conclusions. The data suggest that periodontal therapy reduced the levels of IL-8 in GCF. However, a strong relationship between IL-6, IL-8 amounts in GCF and periodontal destruction and inflammation was not found.

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Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration in Periodontal Health and Disease

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2012/828049 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

N.M. Raghavendra ◽

A.R. Pradeep ◽

Rahul Kathariya ◽

Anuj Sharma ◽

Nishanth S. Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Group 1

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

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Interleukin-33 and Osteoprotegerin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Chronic Periodontitis and Their Correlation to Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.26810/perioj.2018.a1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Nayroz Tarrad ◽

Maha Abdelkawy ◽

Olfat Shaker

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Function ◽

Interleukin 33 ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background: This study investigates the presence of interleukin (IL)-33 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with chronic periodontitis and whether or not they are correlated with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Sixty subjects were included in this study: 20 chronic periodontitis patients (CP), 20 diabetic chronic periodontitis patients (CPDM) and 20 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. GCF and saliva samples were collected from all participants. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for assaying IL-33 and OPG levels. Analysis of variance was used to compare means of the CP and CP-DM groups with the control. Correlation analyses were performed to find the value of Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the cut-off values of the markers to differentiate between the groups. Areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were compared using z-statistic. Results: IL-33, in both GCF and saliva, was significantly higher in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, and significantly higher in the CP-DM group compared to the CP group in saliva. On the other hand, the level of OPG in GCF and saliva was significantly lower in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, but was of no significance when comparing the CP-DM and CP groups. Conclusion: IL-33 seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, while OPG may have a protective function. Diabetes may affect and influence the expression of IL-33. Thus, they could be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic periodontitis either in saliva or GCF.

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Analysis of IL-10 in HIV-1 patients with chronic periodontitis in northern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8651054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Silvio Augusto Fernandes de Menezes ◽

Tatiany Oliveira de Alencar Menezes ◽

Tânia Maria de Souza Rodrigues ◽

Brenna Magdalena Lima Nogueira ◽

Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Hiv 1

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of IL-10 in the gingival crevicular fluid in HIV-1 positive patients with chronic periodontitis and to compare with HIV-1 negative patients with chronic periodontitis, also to correlate clinical periodontal parameters, viral load and count of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes (LTCD4+ and LTCD8+). Methods: 33 patients were selected and splitted into two groups: 16 HIV-1 positive patients and 17 HIV-1 negative patients and all with chronic periodontitis. The clinical periodontal parameters recorded were: Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL); the sistemical parameters LTCD4+, LTCD8+ and viral load were analized by the gingival crevicular fluid collected from all patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-10. For the statistical analysis the Student t, Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were performed. IL-10 levels were significantly lower in both patients groups. Results: There was statistical difference betwen groups for probing depth (p=0.015) and clinical attachment level (p=0.011), no significant correlation was found among the analyzed variables. Conclusion: The IL-10 levels in HIV-1 positive patients had no influence in periodontal and medical parameters.

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IL-17 and IL-11 GCF Levels in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Relation to PCR Bacterial Detection

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2012/174764 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Olfat G. Shaker ◽

Noha A. Ghallab

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Potential Role ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Aggressive Periodontitis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Objectives. This study evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria.Subjects and Methods. GCF samples were collected from 65 subjects including 25 CP, 25 GAgP, and 15 controls (C) and analyzed for IL-17 and IL-11 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular detection of bacteria in the dental plaque was determined by polymerase chain reaction.Results. The total amount of IL-17 was significantly higher in GAgP group than in GCP and C groups(P<0.001). The IL-11 concentration was significantly higher in C and GCP groups than GAgP group(P<0.001). The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was significantly higher in the C group than in GCP and GAgP groups(P<0.05). Moreover, GAgP group showed lower ratios of IL-11/IL-17 when compared to GCP group. The high positivity ofP. gingivalisin the dental plaque was associated with significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients.Conclusions. The increased IL-17 level in GCF of GAgP suggests a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases.

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