scholarly journals Interleukin-33 and Osteoprotegerin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Chronic Periodontitis and Their Correlation to Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nayroz Tarrad ◽  
Maha Abdelkawy ◽  
Olfat Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: This study investigates the presence of interleukin (IL)-33 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with chronic periodontitis and whether or not they are correlated with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Sixty subjects were included in this study: 20 chronic periodontitis patients (CP), 20 diabetic chronic periodontitis patients (CPDM) and 20 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. GCF and saliva samples were collected from all participants. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for assaying IL-33 and OPG levels. Analysis of variance was used to compare means of the CP and CP-DM groups with the control. Correlation analyses were performed to find the value of Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the cut-off values of the markers to differentiate between the groups. Areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were compared using z-statistic. Results: IL-33, in both GCF and saliva, was significantly higher in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, and significantly higher in the CP-DM group compared to the CP group in saliva. On the other hand, the level of OPG in GCF and saliva was significantly lower in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, but was of no significance when comparing the CP-DM and CP groups. Conclusion: IL-33 seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, while OPG may have a protective function. Diabetes may affect and influence the expression of IL-33. Thus, they could be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic periodontitis either in saliva or GCF.

scholarly journals Salivary Levels of IL-6 and IL-17 Could Be an Indicator of Disease Severity in Patients with Calculus Associated Chronic Periodontitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniah Batool ◽  
Ahmed Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Faheem Shahzad ◽  
Romeeza Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background/Purpose. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gums that causes loss of supporting structures of teeth, that is, gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Levels of various cytokines in the serum, gingival tissues, and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis have been studied, but limited data are available on the level of cytokines in saliva. Therefore, a study was designed to determine levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 in patients with calculus associated chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods. It was a comparative, cross-sectional study that is comprised of 41 healthy controls and 41 calculus associated chronic periodontitis patients (CP patients). According to the degree of attachment loss, CP patients were subcategorized as mild (CAL 1-2 mm), moderate (CAL 3-4 mm), and severe (CAL > 5 mm) forms of periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results. Between healthy controls and CP patients (moderate and severe disease), a statistically significant difference was observed in the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17. In CP patients, the highest mean ± SD of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 was observed in severe CP, followed by moderate and mild CP. Regarding level of IL-6, a statistically significant difference was observed between mild and severe disease and between moderate and severe subcategories of CP patients. Similarly, statistically significant difference was observed in the level of IL-17 between mild and moderate, mild and severe disease, and moderate and severe disease. Conclusion. The levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 were increased significantly in calculus associated CP patients as compared to healthy controls and these levels increased with the progression of CP. Clinical Significance. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 may help in the subcategorization of CP.

scholarly journals Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and Serum of Chronic Periodontitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yveth Marlene Ortiz-García ◽  
Trinidad García-Iglesias ◽  
Gabriela Morales-Velazquez ◽  
Blanca Patricia Lazalde-Ramos ◽  
Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an infection that affects the teeth supporting structure. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important effector cytokine of the innate immune system. Due to its functional characteristics, MIF may be involved in the immunopathology of CP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MIF levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of CP patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into two groups: subjects with CP (n= 30) and periodontally healthy subjects without CP (n=30). MIF was quantified in GCF, saliva, and serum of all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIF concentrations were higher in GCF, saliva, and serum in the group with CP compared with the group without CP and a higher MIF concentration was observed in GCF (p=0.001) and saliva (p=0.009) in the group with CP. MIF intragroup comparisons between fluids demonstrated significant high levels of MIF in saliva compared with GCF and serum in both study groups (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between clinical signs and MIF concentration in GCF (p<0.05). There is an association between the MIF and the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, MIF could have an important role in the pathology and progression of CP.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of GCF sIL-6R and calprotectin to evaluate the periodontal inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Kajiura ◽  
Jung-Hwan Lew ◽  
Takahisa Ikuta ◽  
Yasufumi Nishikawa ◽  
Jun-ichi Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the soluble form of interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and calprotectin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid are useful biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontitis. Methods First, a cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 34 periodontitis patients were enrolled and the gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the healthy and inflamed sites of periodontal pockets in each patient. The relationship between periodontal condition and gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations was analysed statistically. The cut-off values of gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations for the evaluation of periodontitis were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Next, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it was examined whether calprotectin induces sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages. Results Both gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in the inflamed sites than in the healthy sites ( P < 0.0001). The cut-off values of gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations for the evaluation of periodontal inflammation were as follows: sIL-6R: 43.5 pg/site; calprotectin: 134.3 ng/site. In the in vitro study, calprotectin significantly induced sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages ( P < 0.01). Conclusions Both gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations are significant biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontal inflammation.

scholarly journals WNT-5a and SOST Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Depend on the Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Activities of Periodontal Tissues

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Georgios S. Chatzopoulos ◽  
Massimo Costalonga ◽  
Kim C. Mansky ◽  
Larry F. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Background and Objectives: Wnt signaling leads to stimulation of osteoblasts and it reduces osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the regulation of the osteprotegrin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligan (RANKL). Wnt signaling pathways are regulated by their physiological antagonists such as sclerostin (SOST) as well as WNT-5a. The aim of this study was to determine the total amount of Sclerostin and WNT-5a in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in sites with a continuum from a healthy to diseased periodontium. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 20 patients with generalized periodontitis, 10 subjects with gingivitis as well as 14 individuals with a healthy periodontium were recruited upon clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. In patients diagnosed with periodontitis, GCF samples were collected from periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy sites, while gingivitis patients provided samples from gingivitis and healthy sites. In healthy patients, only healthy sites were sampled. Protein total amount of SOST and WNT-5a were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 108 GCF samples were collected from a total of 44 individuals. When all periodontitis (n = 51), gingivitis (n = 12) and healthy (n = 45) sites were analyzed regardless of the patient diagnosis, periodontitis sites demonstrated significantly elevated WNT-5a total amounts (p = 0.03) when compared to gingivitis sites. Gingivitis sites demonstrated a trend of more total SOST (p = 0.09) when compared to periodontitis and healthy sites. Within each patient diagnostic category, sites showed similar SOST and WNT-5a total amounts (p > 0.05). Conclusions: WNT-5a levels in GCF depend on the stage of periodontitis sites. SOST trended higher in the GCF of gingivitis sites but similar in chronic periodontitis and healthy sites. WNT-5a and SOST play a crucial role in periodontal tissue remodeling and depend on the inflammatory and osteoclastogenic activities.

scholarly journals Immunological evaluation of the crevicular fluid in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis: a 1-year cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e41101320756
Author(s):  
Juliana Barbosa de Faria ◽  
Taíssa Cássia de Souza Furtado ◽  
Thaís Soares Farnesi de Assunção ◽  
Douglas Reis Abdalla ◽  
Fabiane Minin Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Immunological Evaluation

Objective:  To assess the levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis before and one year after implant installation. Material and Methods: Forty-nine samples of GCF and PICF were collected from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients were classified: patients with gingivitis (n=7), patients with periodontitis (n=14), patients with peri-implantitis (n=4) and healthy patients (n=24). The crevicular fluid from the 49 patients was collected before implant installation (n=8) and one year after implant placement (n=8). The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of cytokines in crevicular fluid. Results: Patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis showed higher concentrations of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 when compared with control group. In general, the levels of IL-12 and IL-15 increased when compared to the moments before and after implant installation. There was also an increase in the concentration of IL-18 in the control group volunteers after implant installation. Conclusion: The results and methodology of this study showed that there was no difference in the synthesis of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in healthy individuals or in those with periodontal injuries. However, there was an increase in the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 one year after implant installation, which would be increasing the inflammatory activity in peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals Quantification of Chemokine CCL5 in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and/or Chronic Periodontitis: Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Luis Sansores-España DDS ◽  
Arelly Carrillo-Avila DDS, MINE ◽  
Eduardo Sauri-Esquivel DDS, MO ◽  
Eugenia Guzmán-Marín MD, MSc, PhD ◽  
Marcela Hernández DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T

The purpose of the present study was to quantify the presence of chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) in gingival crevicular fluid (LCG) in patients with chronic periodontitis (PC) and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 patients. LCG was taken from periodontal pockets and gingival grooves from 4 patient groups (10 per study group); patients who received periodontal, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment 6 months prior to the study or who had systemic disease other than DM2 were excluded. Concentrations of CCL5 were determined by LUMINEX® assays. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Student's T, and Pearson's correlation were performed. The quantification of CCL5 was higher in the patients who presented both diseases, followed by the group with only PC, healthy and the group with only DM2. No significant difference was found between groups and there was no correlation between quantifications and glycemic indicators. Although the differences were not significant, the group of patients with both diseases had the highest CCL5 quantification. The expression of CCL5 in LGC should be considered as a potential inducer of periodontal destruction, its determination could be useful for monitoring the health/disease of periodontal tissues.

Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Sebastián Giraldo ◽  
Ana María Heredia-P ◽  
Juliette De Avila ◽  
Lorena Chila-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Routine Assessment

Background: The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early RA (eRA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites (Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1 levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied. Results: The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was 4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone loss in interproximal sites. Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14–5.09, p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1 were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03–5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and rheumatoid factor (p=0.018). The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis (p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28–7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033). Conclusion: In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.

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