Taxonomical Study of Spiders (Order, Araneae) from Different Localities of Iraq

This study represents the first molecular and morphological work on spiders of Iraq. Specimens were collected from different localities in seven provinces during June 2018-July 2019 in different climate conditions. Using both molecular and morphological approaches, eight families representing 17 genera and nine species were identified. Eight genera: Cryptachaea Archer, 1946; Micaria Western, 1851; Ozyptila Simon, 1864; Paramicromerys Millot, 1946; Tegenaria Latreille, 1804; Trachyzelotes Lohmander, 1944; Uroctea Dufour, 1820 and Zelotes Gistel, 1848; and five species: Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834); Tegenaria pagana C. L. Koch, 1840; Trachyzelotes jaxartensis (Kroneberg, 1875); Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) and Oecobius putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 were first recorded for the Iraqi spider fauna. Identification keys for distinguishing families and genera based on the main characteristics were constructed. Molecular-identification was performed for specimens that were difficult to identify by morphological methods, and to confirm the results of the morphological identification. DNA was extracted from 28 spiders’ specimens; PCR-amplified the mtDNA fragment of 710bp of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene using the primers LCO 1490 Forward / HCO-700ME Reverse. The results of DNA sequences showed 16 samples successful in sequencing. Sixteen local sequenced specimens were submitted to GenBank and edited and combined with COI gene sequences that are associated in GenBank using the neighbor-joining method and the phylogenetic tree was drawn. Eight species of 16 genera belonging to eight families were confirmed by molecular barcoding. The DNA sequences and associated information about the specimens (collection and locality date) deposited in GenBank.

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Nine new species of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with DNA barcoding information (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4576 (1) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

BINGXUE LI ◽

YUAN ZHANG ◽

HONGWEI CHEN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Species Groups ◽

Mtcoi Gene

Eleven (two known and nine new) species of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China are described or redescribed: S. (S.) longifibula Takada, 1968, S. (S.) toyaensis Okada & Sidorenko, 1992, S. (S.) biflava sp. nov., S. (S.) flavivittata sp. nov., S. (S.) hirtifoliacea sp. nov., S. (S.) latitabula sp. nov., S. (S.) panda sp. nov., S. (S.) pinguifoliacea sp. nov., S. (S.) spatulata sp. nov., S. (S.) stachydifolia sp. nov. and S. (S.) unguiculata sp. nov.; they are assigned into the coleoptrata, ornatipes and undulata species groups, respectively. A total of 130 DNA sequences of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene of 38 species (including the 11 species) of above-mentioned three groups are newly obtained in this study. These sequences and other available barcoding sequences of the three groups are involved in a molecular analysis using neighbor-joining (NJ) method, in order to assess the availability of DNA barcoding for delimiting the Steganina species. The result indicates that all the sampled Steganina morphospecies within the three groups are monophyletic.

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The genus Leucophenga (Diptera, Drosophilidae), part VII: the subpollinosa species group from China, with morphological and molecular evidence

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4247.3.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4247 (3) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JIA HUANG ◽

YIRUI SU ◽

HONGWEI CHEN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Species Group ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

I Gene

Seventeen species of Leucophenga subpollinosa species group are described from China (including 11 new species): L. argentina (de Meijere, 1924); L. flavicosta Duda, 1926; L. formosa Okada, 1987; L. nigroscutellata Duda, 1924; L. subpollinosa (de Meijere, 1914); L. umbratula Duda, 1924; L. aculeata sp. nov.; L. acuticauda sp. nov.; L. cultella sp. nov.; L. cyclophylla sp. nov.; L. flaviclypeata sp. nov.; L. fuscipedes sp. nov.; L. gracilenta sp. nov.; L. latipenis sp. nov.; L. magnicauda sp. nov.; L. rhombura sp. nov.; L. rugatifolia sp. nov. A key to all examined species of the subpollinosa group in the present study is provided. The phylogenetic relationships among the 17 species of the subpollinosa group are reconstructed by NJ (Neighbor-joining) and Bayesian analyses using 98 DNA sequences of COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) gene. The pairwise intra- and interspecific p-distances of aforementioned sequences are summarized.

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Coi Gene as a Molecular Marker of Elachista Species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Different Lithuanian Populations

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-009-0020-y ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Virginijus Sruoga ◽

Virmantas Stunžėnas ◽

Brigita Paulavičiūtė

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Molecular Marker ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Oxidase Subunit ◽

Gene Coi ◽

I Gene

Coi Gene as a Molecular Marker of Elachista Species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Different Lithuanian Populations We compared COI DNA sequences of three Elachista species occurring in Lithuania: Elachista maculicerusella, E. argentella, and E. pollinariella (Gelechioidea: Elachistidae: Elachistinae). Also, intraspecific differences in COI DNA between moth populations were tested. A 705 bp fragment of the 3'-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was used. This mtDNA fragment was significantly different between all studied species. Intraspecific differences were detected only for E. maculicerusella from different Lithuanian populations. Our results support using the COI gene for identification of Elachista species and as a tool for exploring intraspecific differences between populations.

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Molecular characteristics and taxonomic status of morphologically similar barnacles (Amphibalanus) assessed using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Riani ◽

ROMANUS EDY PRABOWO ◽

Agus Nuryanto

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Field Trips ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Molecular Barcoding ◽

Level Identification

Abstract. Riani S, Prabowo RE, Nuryanto A. 2021. Molecular characteristics and taxonomic status of morphologically similar barnacles (Amphibalanus) assessed using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Biodiversitas 22: 1456-1466. Amphibalanus variegatus and A. reticulatus have similar external morphology. Morphological similarities can be a severe problem for direct species-level identification. The problem can be overcome through anatomy-based identification and validated through molecular barcoding. Molecular characterization using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene provides a useful tool for precise species identification. This study attempted to assess the molecular characteristics of morphologically similar barnacle (Amphibalanus) specimens collected at five localities in Indonesia to validate their taxonomic status. Forty-five barnacle specimens were collected during the field trips in Lampung, Jakarta, Semarang, Bali, and Lombok. The COI gene was amplified using LCO1490 and HCO2198 primers. The gene was sequenced using bidirectional sequencing at 1st base Asia. The specimens' taxonomic status was determined based on sequence identity, genetic distance, monophyly, nucleotide compositions, and nucleotides in a particular position. Shell shapes-based identification placed barnacle specimens into A. reticulatus. However, anatomical-based identification placed barnacle samples into two different anatomic groups, which was further validated by molecular data that two anatomic groups of Amphibalanus samples have significant differences in their COI gene. Based on the molecular characteristics, 43 samples were identified as A. reticulatus, while the two remaining samples were identified as A. variegatus.

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Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of seven Satyrinae butterflies in Bangladesh using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene

Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/jujbs.v8i1.42469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Ananna Ghosh ◽

Muhammad Sohel Abedin ◽

Abdul Jabber Howlader ◽

Md Monwar Hossain

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Oxidase Subunit ◽

Traditional Classification ◽

Nymphalid Butterfly ◽

Coi Sequences

The Satyrinae is a subfamily of Nymphalid butterfly, which is morphologically and ecologically the most diverse group, occurring in all habitats. In the present study, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of seven species of Satyrinae was sequenced, aligned, and used to construct phylogenetic trees. The molecular identification of these Satyrinae species was confirmed by comparing the related sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank. The base compositions of the COI sequences were 39.07% T, 16.44% C, 29.83% A, and 14.64% G, revealing a strong AT bias (68.9%). The sequence distance among Satyrinae species ranged from 0.09% to 0.18%. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, using Orthetrum sabina as an outgroup. Both trees had almost identical topologies. The sampled species in Satyrinae exhibited the following relationships: Melanitis leda + [(Mycalesis mineus+(Mycalesis gotama+Mycalesis anaxias)) + (Ypthima baldus + (Lethe chandica+Elymnias hypermnestra))], suggesting that M. leda might be distantly related with the rest of the Satyrinae species. This clustering result is almost identical to current traditional classification. This study confirms that the COI based DNA barcoding is an efficient method for the identification of butterflies including Satyrinae species and, as such, may further contribute effectively to biodiversity and evolutionary research. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(1): 67-74, 2019 (June)

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Genetic variability of Haplaxius crudus, based on the 5’ region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sheds light on epidemiology of palm lethal decline phytoplasmas

PhytoFrontiers™ ◽

10.1094/phytofr-12-20-0048-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandra Rose Humphries ◽

Marina Ascunce ◽

Erica Goss ◽

Ericka Helmick ◽

Charles Bartlett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Important Species ◽

Oxidase Subunit ◽

The Caribbean

Haplaxius crudus is an economically important species of cixiid planthopper that is widespread and abundant throughout the Caribbean basin. It is the vector of lethal yellowing (LY) and putative vector of lethal bronzing (LB), both phytoplasma diseases of palms that cause death, in Florida and the Caribbean. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of H. crudus in Florida to determine if divergent populations existed. The five prime region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used as the molecular marker. DNA sequences were obtained from 236 specimens collected throughout Florida, U.S.A. as well as populations from southeastern United States. Populations from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Jamaica were included to compare differences between isolated populations. In Florida, four haplotypes were discovered with 97% of individuals belonging to a single haplotype, two smaller haplotypes comprised of six and four individuals, and a single haplotype comprised of one individual. Populations from Texas and Mississippi represented distinct haplotypes whereas populations from Georgia and South Carolina were identical to the predominant haplotype in Florida. Populations from Costa Rica and Colombia were highly divergent while the population from Jamaica was 100% identical to the predominant population in Florida. These findings highlight measureable levels of genetic variability of H. crudus in Florida and the similarity to populations from Jamaica highlight the need for more robust sampling throughout the Caribbean to better understand movement and invasion potential of this species.

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Case of Human Infestation with Dermanyssus gallinae (Poultry Red Mite) from Swallows (Hirundinidae)

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

Georgios Sioutas ◽

Styliani Minoudi ◽

Katerina Tiligada ◽

Caterina Chliva ◽

Alexandros Triantafyllidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽

Poultry Red Mite ◽

Human Form ◽

Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis

Dermanyssus gallinae (the poultry red mite, PRM) is an important ectoparasite in the laying hen industry. PRM can also infest humans, causing gamasoidosis, which is manifested as skin lesions characterized by rash and itching. Recently, there has been an increase in the reported number of human infestation cases with D. gallinae, mostly associated with the proliferation of pigeons in cities where they build their nests. The human form of the disease has not been linked to swallows (Hirundinidae) before. In this report, we describe an incident of human gamasoidosis linked to a nest of swallows built on the window ledge of an apartment in the island of Kefalonia, Greece. Mites were identified as D. gallinae using morphological keys and amplifying the Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene by PCR. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and median-joining network supported the identification of three PRM haplogroups and the haplotype isolated from swallows was identical to three PRM sequences isolated from hens in Portugal. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, while the house was sprayed with deltamethrin. After one week, the mites disappeared and clinical symptoms subsided. The current study is the first report of human gamasoidosis from PRM found in swallows’ nest.

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Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-021-00548-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sumaira Yousaf ◽

Abdul Rehman ◽

Mariyam Masood ◽

Kazam Ali ◽

Nazia Suleman

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Rice Strain

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NCBI GenBank Accession Nos. MW241537, MW241538, MW349515, MW349516, MW349493 and MW349494) revealed that genetically it is more than 99% identical to S. frugiperda. The phylogenetic analysis indicated it as the rice-strain (R-strain). Both 3′- and 5′-fragment tree topologies showed that the collected samples of the FAW species belong to the R-strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence for the existence of R-strain of S. frugiperda that was found feeding on maize crop in Sindh, Pakistan, using COI gene sequences as a marker.

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First results of Central Asiatic Euchalcia DNA-studies: comparison of nucleotide sequence differences in COI between Euchalcia herrichi and Euchalcia gyulai (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Acta Biologica Sibirica ◽

10.3897/abs.6.e52836 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Stanislav K Korb

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Coi Gene ◽

First Results ◽

The Difference ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Two Populations

We submitted first results of the DNA studies of the Central Asiatic owlet moths of the genus Euchalcia. Standard cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for DNA barcoding of six specimens belonging to Euchalcia herrichi and Euchalcia gyulai. We compared the received sequences between discussed species and with two European Euchalcia species (E. variabilis and E. consona). We found no variability within the COI sequences of the samples collected in the same locality (Alai Mts., Kyrgyzstan), whereas the difference in COI sequences between two populations (Ketmen Mts., Kazakhstan and Alai Mts., Kyrgyzstan) was 0.005.

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Variasi Genetik Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome C Oxidase I

Jurnal MIPA ◽

10.35799/jm.8.1.2019.22327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Claudius F. Kairupan ◽

Jantje Pelealu ◽

Juliet M.E. Mamahit

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Insecticide Application ◽

Nucleotide Base ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Relationship Of

Daerah Modoinding dan Tomohon di Sulawesi Utara, dikenal sebagai daerah penghasil sayuran kubis di Indonesia. Sayuran kubis memiliki hama utama yaitu Plutella xylostella. Penyebab serangga ini dapat bertahan hingga saat ini karena adanya sifat resistensi akibat pemberian insektisida yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis variasi pada gen cytochrome C oxidase IPlutella xylostella yang diperoleh dari dua lokasi yang berbeda, yaitu Modoinding dan Tomohon. Analisis sekuens menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pasang basa nukleotida dari sampel yang berbeda lokasi. Selain itu, variasi juga ditunjukkan pada sampel yang diperoleh dari basis data GenBank dengan adanya perbedaan 1-14 pasang basa nukleotida dengan spesimen pada penelitian ini. Hubungan kekerabatan gen COI P. xylostella keseluruhan sampel tergolong dalam variasi intraspesies dengan nilai jarak genetik berkisar antara 0-0,022 (0-2,20%).Modoinding and Tomohon areas in North Sulawesi, are known as regions in Indonesia that produce a cabbage. The main pest of cabbage, Plutella xylostella. This insect can survive due to its resistance resulted from prolonged insecticide application. This study aims to analyze genetic variation of COI genes in P. xylostella from Modoinding and Tomohon areas. Sequence analysis showed there were differences in nucleotide base pairs between these locations. In addition, variations were also shown in samples obtained from the GenBank database with differences in 1-14 nucleotide base pairs with specimens in this study. The genetic relationship of P. xylostella COI gene in all samples was classified as intraspecific variation with genetic distance values ranging from 0-0,022 (0-2,20%).D aerah Modoinding dan Tomohon di Sulawesi Utara, dikenal sebagaidaerah penghasil sayuran kubis di Indonesia. Sayuran kubis memilikihama utama yaitu Plutella xylostella. Penyebab serangga ini dapatbertahan hingga saat ini karena adanya sifat resistensi akibat pemberianinsektisida yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisisvariasi pada gen cytochrome C oxidase I Plutella xylostella yang diperolehdari dua lokasi yang berbeda, yaitu Modoinding dan Tomohon. Analisissekuens menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pasang basa nukleotida darisampel yang berbeda lokasi. Selain itu, variasi juga ditunjukkan padasampel yang diperoleh dari basis data GenBank dengan adanyaperbedaan 1-14 pasang basa nukleotida dengan spesimen padapenelitian ini. Hubungan kekerabatan gen COI P. xylostella keseluruhansampel tergolong dalam variasi intraspesies dengan nilai jarak genetikberkisar antara 0-0,022 (0-2,20%).

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