scholarly journals Zonas Climáticas Urbanas em Cidade de Pequeno Porte

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2066
Author(s):  
João Paulo Assis Gobo ◽  
Bruno Henrique Bibiano ◽  
Emerson Galvani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The City ◽  
Thermal Difference

Esta pesquisa está baseada na análise de dados primários coletados no município de Espírito Santo do Pinhal - SP, com a finalidade de identificar diferentes Urban Climate Zones (UCZ) e suas relações com o vapor d’água atmosférico. Para isso, utilizou-se seis mini estações meteorológicas instaladas a um metro do solo que coletaram a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar em diferentes setores da cidade e em um setor rural durante três dias antes e três dias depois de cada efeméride do ano de 2012. Por meio de equações obteve-se a umidade absoluta desses setores. Foi possível identificar que os contrastes térmicos e higrométricos estão diretamente relacionados aos atributos climáticos, a morfologia das construções, e os fatores naturais, como a vegetação, e não necessariamente tem maior intensidade no setor mais urbanizado. A maior diferença térmica encontrada foi de 6,8° C numa madrugada de inverno entre a zona rural e um bairro nobre. Todavia, identificou-se fortes evidências de que os micro climas estão subordinados aos sistemas atmosféricos de escala regional, e podem se tornar de difícil identificação em condições atmosféricas muito instáveis.  Urban Climate Zones and Small City A B S T R A C TThis research is based on the analysis of primary data collected in the city of Espírito Santo do Pinhal - SP to identify different Urban Climate Zones (UCZ) and their relationships with atmospheric water vapor. For this purpose, six mini meteorological stations were installed, one meter from the ground that collected the temperature and relative humidity of the air in different sectors of the city and in a rural sector for three days before and three days after each ephemeris of the year 2012. The absolute humidity of these sectors was obtained by means of equations. It was possible to identify that thermal and hygrometric contrasts are directly related to climatic attributes, the morphology of buildings, and natural factors, such as vegetation, and not necessarily more intense in the more urbanized sector. The greatest thermal difference was found to be 6.8°C in the winter dawn between the countryside and a noble neighborhood. However, strong evidence has been found that micro climates are subordinate to regional-scale atmospheric systems, and may become difficult to identify under very unstable atmospheric conditions.Keywords: Urban heat island, Espírito Santo do Pinhal, Absolute humidity, Urban Climate, Thermal Field.

scholarly journals Sodium Reduction and Consumption: the Change Between City, Food and Citizenship

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Souza de Carvalho ◽  
Marcelo Calderari Miguel ◽  
Vitorino Fontenele Freire
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The City ◽  
State Schools

This study analyzes the salt / sodium in food, in public policies and health. In this way, it proposes to provide subsidies around the concepts of the importance of the city in the construction of healthy food. The purpose of this review is to discuss the constraints, reflecting on them through theoretical assumptions about the promotion of citizenship and the pasteurization of taste / flavors. Food in society raises the integration of actions, actors and various social spaces, such as: State, schools, associations, businessmen in order to excel, consistent and efficient, by an educating city. In the context of the state of Espírito Santo, for two years, the law 10.369/2015 banned salt shakers at bars and restaurants in Espírito Santo for two years. In this way, research shows that excessive sodium intake (which raises blood pressure and affects the cardiovascular system) brings several complications that can last for many years or even a lifetime.Redução e Consumo de Sódio: Trama entre Cidade, Alimentação e CidadaniaEste estudo analisar o sal/sódio na alimentação, nas políticas públicas e saúde. Desse modo, propõe fornecer subsídios em torno dos conceitos da importância da cidade na construção da alimentação saudável. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir os condicionantes, refletindo sobre eles por meio de pressuposições teóricas sobre a promoção de cidadania e da pasteurização de gosto/sabores. A alimentação na sociedade suscita integração das ações, dos atores e dos diversos espaços sociais, como: Estado, escolas, associações, empresários de modo a primar, consistente e eficiente, por uma cidade educadora. No contexto capixaba, vigou por dois anos a lei 10.369/2015 que proibia saleiros em mesas de bares e restaurantes do Espírito Santo sendo essa uma marco. Desta forma, a pesquisa demonstra que a ingestão excessiva de sódio (que eleva a pressão arterial e afeta o sistema cardiovascular) traz diversas complicações que podem perdurar por muitos anos ou até mesmo a vida toda.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DA MÁXIMA CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE EUCALIPTO EM VIVEIRO

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Sandro Dan Tatagiba ◽  
Talita Miranda Teixeira Xavier ◽  
Herbert Torres ◽  
José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane ◽  
Roberto Avelino Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The City

A escassez de informações referentes ao consumo hídrico de mudas de espécies florestais freqüentemente dificulta o planejamento da irrigação em viveiros comerciais, levando muitas vezes, a adoção de medidas ineficientes de manejo, provocando perda no padrão de qualidade das mudas. Dessa forma, procurou-se neste trabalho investigar a máxima capacidade de retenção de água (MCRA) no substrato em que as mudas de eucalipto podem ser submetidas e determinar o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) para o clone híbrido de E. urophylla x E. grandis. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação, localizada na área experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais vinculado ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES) no município de Alegre, ES, montado num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos de disponibilidade hídrica no substrato (90, 80, 70, 60 e 50% da MCRA), com quatro repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a disponibilidade hídrica no substrato de 70% da MCRA pode ser utilizada para a produção de mudas clonais de eucalipto, sem afetar o crescimento e o padrão de qualidade. O Kc estimado para as mudas de eucalipto em condições de viveiro foi de 1,25. AbstractDetermination of maximum capacity of water retention in substrate for production plants in Eucalyptus nursery. The scarcity of information regarding water consumption of seedlings of forest species often complicates the planning of irrigation in commercial nurseries, often leading the adoption of inefficient management measures, causing loss in the quality of seedlings. Thus, this study sought to investigate the capacity of water retention in the substrate in which the eucalyptus seedlings can be submitted and determine the crop coefficient (Kc) for the hybrid clone of E. urophylla x E . grandis. The study was conducted in a greenhouse located in the experimental area of the Post-Graduation of Forest Sciences bound to the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo in the city of Alegre, ES, built in a completely randomized design with five treatments of water availability in the substrate (90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% of MCRA) and four replications. According to the results, it was found that water availability in the substrate MCRA of the 70% can be used for the production of minicutting, without affecting standards of growth and quality. The Kc for eucalyptus seedlings in nursery conditions was 1.25.Keywords: Coefficient of cultivation; irrigation management; Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis.

scholarly journals A Study of Local Climate Zones in Abu Dhabi with Urban Weather Stations and Numerical Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajowal Manandhar ◽  
Lindita Bande ◽  
Alexandros Tsoupos ◽  
Prashanth Reddy Marpu ◽  
Peter Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
The City

In many cities that have experienced rapid growth like Abu Dhabi, urban microclimate scenarios evolve rapidly as well and it is important to study the urban thermal dynamics continuously. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification considers factors related to the physical properties like surface cover and surface structure of the city which allow to analyze urban heat flows. Abu Dhabi city is rapidly expanding and is characterized by highly heterogeneous types of built forms that comprise mainly of old mid-rise and modern high-rise buildings with varied degrees of vegetation cover in different parts of the city. The fact that it is a coastal city in a desert environment makes it quite unique. This paper presents an approach of studying urban heat flows in such heterogeneous setup. First, the city is classified into local climate zones using images acquired by Landsat Satellite. Numerical simulations are performed in the designated LCZs using a computational fluid dynamics software, Envi-met. The results of Envi-met are calibrated and validated using in-situ measurements across all four seasons. The calibrated models are then applied to study entire Abu Dhabi island across different seasons. The results indicate a clear presence of urban heat island (UHI) effect when averaged over the full day which is varying in different zones. The zones with high vegetation do not show large average UHI effect whereas the effect is significant in densely built zones. The study also validates previous observations on the inversion of UHI effect during the day and in terms of diurnal response.

Climate Bubbles: Games to Monitor Urban Climate

Leonardo ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Drew Hemment ◽  
Carlo Buontempo ◽  
Alfie Dennen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Flow Circulation ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Climate Bubbles was a playful, participatory mass observation project on local climate. Bubble blowing games were devised to enable people across the city of Manchester to test air flow circulation and, by sharing the results online, enabled the Met Office to create a snapshot of the effect the Urban Heat Island has on wind.

scholarly journals Yellow fever outbreak in a rural-urban mixed community of Espírito Santo, Brazil: epidemiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tálib Moysés Moussallem ◽  
Caroline Gava ◽  
Karla Spandl Ardisson ◽  
Clemilda Soares Marques ◽  
Giselle Calmon Graceli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Multidisciplinary Group ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The City

Objective. To describe the epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) that occurred in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 1 January 2017 – 31 July 2017. Methods. A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective approach analyzed secondary data obtained from the national notification systems, Information System of Diseases Notifications (SINAN), Laboratory Environment Manager (GAL), and the Espírito Santo Health Secretariat (SESA). Results. From 1 January 2017 – 8 July 2017, a total of 824 cases were reported in Espírito Santo, 307 (37%) of which were confirmed as YF. Of these, 95 (30.9%) died from the disease. Men were those most affected, corresponding to 244 (79.5%) cases, and women to 63 (20.5%) cases. The greatest incidence rate registered was in the city of Santa Leopoldina (380.2 cases/100 000 inhabitants). The outbreak evolved rapidly and a response was possible due to a multidisciplinary group created specifically to tackle the YF outbreak. Conclusions. The data were received and analyzed quickly and the response, consisting of immediate treatment of the cases and a blocking vaccination strategy, was developed to halt the progression of this fatal disease. In spite of these efforts, the case fatality rate of yellow fever remained high.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON CULTIVAR “ES8122-JEQUITIBÁ” EM FUNÇÃO DA FRAÇÃO DE ÁGUA TRANSPIRÁVEL NO SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-526
Author(s):  
Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Vinicius Agnolette Capelini ◽  
Daniel Soares Ferreira ◽  
Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves ◽  
Edvaldo Fialho dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The City

CRESCIMENTO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON CULTIVAR “ES8122-JEQUITIBÁ” EM FUNÇÃO DA FRAÇÃO DE ÁGUA TRANSPIRÁVEL NO SOLO     WILIAN RODRIGUES RIBEIRO1; VINICIUS AGNOLETTE CAPELINI2; DANIEL SOARES FERREIRA3; MORGANA SCARAMUSSA GONÇALVES1 E EDVALDO FIALHO DOS REIS1   1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Alto Universitário S/N, Bairro Guararema, CEP: 29.500.000, Alegre, ES, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 2Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Rural da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36.570.900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, [email protected]. ³Departamento de Fitotecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36.570.900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O Estado do Espírito Santo destaca-se como maior produtor de café conilon do Brasil, porém a deficiência hídrica tem sido o fator abiótico mais limitante da produção. Desta forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho, quantificar a influência do déficit hídrico no solo, pela metodologia da fração de água transpirável do solo (FATS), verificando o valor crítico onde se inicia a redução da transpiração relativa (TR), e do potencial de crescimento das plantas, através das variáveis: área foliar relativa (AFR) e altura relativa (ALR). O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, localizada no município de Alegre-ES. Utilizaram-se os nove clones que compõe a cultivar “ES8122-Jequitibá”, espécie Coffea canephora. O experimento foi constituído de dois tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T0 (sem déficit hídrico, plantas irrigadas durante todo experimento) e T1 (déficit hídrico induzido até as plantas atingirem 10% da transpiração relativa do tratamento T0). Verificou-se que cada clone apresentou um comportamento específico em função do decréscimo FATS. O clone 02 foi o mais susceptível, apresentando redução da transpiração em valores de 0,90 da FATS. O clone 09 mais resistente, mantendo o processo transpiratório constante até valores de 0,56 da FATS.   Palavras-chave: déficit hídrico, Coffea canephora, fats, irrigação.     RIBEIRO, W. R.; CAPELINI, V. A.; FERREIRA, D. S.; GONÇALVES, M. S.; REIS, E. F. GROWTH OF COFFEE CONILON CULTIVAR “ES8122-JEQUITIBÁ” AS FUNCTION OF  TRANSPIRABLE WATER FRACTION IN SOIL     2 ABSTRACT The state of Espirito Santo stands out as the largest producer of Conilon coffee in Brazil, but water deficit has been the most limiting abiotic factor of production. Thus, the objective of this work was to quantify the influence of water deficit on the soil, by the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) methodology, verifying the critical value where the reduction of relative transpiration (RT), and the potential plant growth, through the variables: relative leaf area (RLA) and relative height (RH). The present study was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, located in the city of Alegre-ES. The nine clones that make up the cultivar “ES8122-Jequitibá”, species Coffea canephora, were used. The experiment consisted of two treatments and four repetitions. The treatments were: T0 (without water deficit, plants irrigated during the whole experiment) and T1 (induced water deficit until the plants reached 10% of the relative transpiration of treatment T0). Each clone showed a specific behavior as  function of the FTSW decrease. Clone 02 was the most susceptible, presenting a reduction in sweating by FTSW values ​​of 0.90. The most resistant, clone 09, kept the transpiratory process constant up to FTSW values ​​of 0.56.   Keywords: water deficit, Coffea canephora, FTSW, irrigation.

scholarly journals Vitoria Bay Pollution Study in the Frame of TAGUBAR Research Project—Geochemistry of the Sediments of Espirito Santo Bay

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Guido Perin ◽  
Maurizio Bonardi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Pollution Study ◽  
Superficial Sediments ◽  
Distributed Sampling ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
The City

The Bay of Espirito Santo is located in the Espírito Santo State, in the eastern part of Brazil. It is surrounded by the city of Vitoria on one side and by the Atlantic Ocean on the other. Superficial sediments of Espirito Santo Bay were analyzed at 12 (western shallow silt sediments) + 8 (eastern sandy sediments and relatively deep sampling stations) = 20 uniformly distributed sampling points where geochemical analysis was performed. Nineteen elements were analyzed: Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Ni, Mn, Fe, As, U, Th, Sr, Cd, Sb, Bi, V, Cr, Ba, and Al. This selection was made based on the most representative heavy metals present in this area and according to the results obtained from the geochemical analysis. Their concentrations were compared with metal contamination benchmarks like Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs), Effects Range-Low (ERLs) and Effects Range-Median (ERMs), TELs (Threshold Effects Levels), PELs (Probable Effects Levels), ERM (Effects range median), and AETs (Apparent Effects Thresholds). Results indicate that there is no particular pollution condition able to alter the condition of any part of this water body. The Authors conclude that the Espirito Santo Bay is only moderately polluted and some elements are virtually absent.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of urban heat islands effects in tropical climates and their impact on the ecology of the city

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Tuan Le ◽  
Nguyen Anh Quan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The City

The cumulative heating in some urban areas due to the urban growth and its types of industry, energy and transport, is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). It is recognized as one of the characteristics of the urban climate. The temperature increase caused by the effect (UHI) affects the energy flow in urban ecological systems, creates an unusual urban climate. By studying the effects of climate factors, local building materials to optimize energy efficiency, urban landscape, UHI phenomenon could be significantly moderated.

Comparison of urban climate measurements in Berlin and LES model output for a special observation period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines langer ◽  
Alexander Pasternack ◽  
Uwe Ulbrich ◽  
Henning Rust
Keyword(s):  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Large Eddy Simulation Model ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
The City ◽  
Observation Period

<p>Surface (2 m) temperature and specific humidity data are measured at 5-minute intervals in a network comprising 33 stations distributed across the city of Berlin, Germany. These data are utilized in order to validate a LES (large eddy simulation) model designed to assess the local climate at a very high resolution of 10 m to 1 m. This model, was developed at the ​Institute of Meteorology and Climatology (IMUK) of the Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany, and is developed into an application tool for city planners within the funding programme "[UC²] - Urban Climate under Change", of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).</p><p>The evaluation distinguishes between the different Local climate zones (LCZ) in the city, which are defined following the concept of Stewart & Oke (2012). For Berlin, the following LCZ have been identified: 2 (compact midrise), 4 (open high-rise), 6 (open low-rise), 8 (large low-rise), A (dense trees), B (scattered trees), D (low Plants), G (water).</p><p>We analyzed one cold winter day during an intensive observation period from 06 UTC on 17<sup>th</sup> January to 06 UTC on 18<sup>th</sup> January, 2017. The minimum and maximum recorded temperatures were -8.1 °C and +2 °C, respectively, the sun shine duration was 6.5 hours. Daily and hourly mean absolute error, mean square error and root mean square error confirm that the deviation between measurements and the PALM-4U model differs between the LCZ for Berlin, with particularly large negative deviations of up to 5 K in forest areas, as they are not yet well represented in the model. Smallest deviations are found for the industrial zone. In all cases, the observed amplitude of the diurnal cycle is underestimated. The role of the driving model for the deviations found is addressed.</p><p>Stewart, I.D., Oke, T.R. (2012) Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 93 1879-1900. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1.</p><p> </p>

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