scholarly journals Sistemas Tradicionais de Produção de Palma Forrageira ‘Gigante’ em Agroecossistemas do Semiárido Baiano

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Laudiceio Viana Matos ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Marcos Koiti Kondo ◽  
João Luiz Lani

A produtividade e a qualidade nutricional da palma forrageira são afetadas pelas inter-relações entre as características edafoclimáticas do ambiente de cultivo, com as práticas de manejo e o potencial genético da planta. Ao articular a caracterização dos solos dos agroecossistemas, o detalhamento dos sistemas de produção de palma forrageira, mais o levantamento dos atributos estruturais e rendimento das plantas, com a qualidade do cladódio para uso como forragem, espera-se estabelecer a melhor relação planta-ambiente-homem. Assim, é possível identificar e/ou desenvolver tecnologias viáveis e apropriadas para a otimização da produção da palma forrageira em quantidade e qualidade, com práticas condizentes às especificidades locais. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho realizar a caracterização dos sistemas tradicionais de produção de palma forrageira e inter-relacioná-la com os rendimentos das plantas e composição mineral e bromatológica dos cladódios em cinco agroecossistemas do semiárido baiano. Constatou-se que as características dos agroecossistemas afetaram mais o comprimento e largura dos cladódios, a matéria orgânica e o material mineral na planta. Os sistemas de produção estabelecidos afetaram, maiormente, a produção de massa de cladódios por planta, a produtividade de massa verde, a área total de cladódios, o número de cladódios produzidos por planta, teores de matéria seca, teores de nitrogênio, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Os componentes mais afetados pelo efeito da planta (genótipo) foram os teores de gordura ou extrato etéreo na planta, a capacidade de produção de massa por cladódio e os teores de fibra em detergente neutro nos tecidos dos cladódios. Espera-se disponibilizar as informações geradas de forma mais acessível e possível de serem incorporadas aos sistemas de produção de palma forrageira na perspectiva de torná-los mais sustentáveis.Palavras-chave: Opuntia, ambiente, conhecimento local, qualidade da forragem, rendimento, manejo. Traditional systems of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear production in agroecosystems of Bahia semi-arid region A B S T R A C TThe productivity and nutritional quality of the cactus pear are affected by the interrelationships between the edaphoclimatic characteristics of the cultivation environment, with the management practices and the genetic potential of the plant. By articulating the characterization of agroecosystem soils, detailing the production systems of cactus pear, plus the survey of structural attributes and plant yield, with the quality of the cladodes for use as forage, it is expected to establish the best plant-environment-man relationship. Thus, it is possible to identify and / or develop viable and appropriate technologies to optimize the production of cactus pear in quantity and quality, with practices consistent with local specificities. The objective of the present work was to characterize the traditional systems of production of cactus pear and to interrelate it with plant yields and mineral and chemical composition of the cladodes in five agroecosystems in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. It was found that the characteristics of agroecosystems most affected the length and width of the cladodes, the organic matter and the mineral material in the plant. The established production systems most affected the mass production of cladodes per plant, the productivity of green mass, the total area of cladodes, the number of cladodes produced per plant, dry matter content, nitrogen content, crude protein and fiber in neutral detergent. The components most affected by the effect of the plant (genotype) were the levels of fat or ether extract in the plant, the capacity for mass production by cladode and the levels of neutral detergent fiber in the tissues of the cladodes. It is hoped that the information generated will be made available in a more accessible and possible way to be incorporated into their cactus pear production systems with a view to making them more sustainable.Key words – Opuntia, environment, local knowledge, forage quality, yield, management.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Mounir Louhaichi ◽  
Palsaniya Dana Ram ◽  
Kiran Kumar Tirumala ◽  
Shahid Ahmad ◽  
...  

Study of appropriate planting time and response to agronomic management practices is imperative for the newly introduced cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) into a semi-arid region of India. Responses of cactus pear to agronomic practices (planting time, and irrigation and fertilizer application) were evaluated to determine the potential for fodder production and livestock feed in a semi-arid environment of India. We assessed four planting times (February, March, July, and October) and two agronomic managements (with and without irrigation and fertilizer application) during 2016–2020 at Jhansi, India. Cactus pear establishment and growth improved with planting time in July and October due to favorable soil moisture and congenial temperature. However, plant height (19 cm) and cladode weight (118 g) were greater in July than in October planting. Nutrient uptake and crude protein contents, however, were higher for the earlier plantings of February and April compared to June and October. Irrigation and nutrients application had little effect on the cactus pear plant growth, except on plant width and cladode length and width. Cactus pear can be planted during July in moderately fertile soils without any agronomic intervention in semi-arid situations of India and has potential as an effective alternative source of forage for livestock during the summer months.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Samires Martins Castro ◽  
Delano de Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle ◽  
Ana Paula Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
...  

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Etham de Lucena Barbosa ◽  
Juliana dos Santos Severiano ◽  
Hérika Cavalcante ◽  
Daniely de Lucena-Silva ◽  
Camila Ferreira Mendes ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Emídio Araújo Neto ◽  
Beatriz Alves ◽  
Flávia Gehrke ◽  
Ligia Azzalis ◽  
Virginia Junqueira ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Rute Ribeiro Marins Mota ◽  
Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva ◽  
Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-511
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Toshik Larley Da Silva ◽  
Lunara De Sousa Alves ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias

Maracujá-do-mato (Passiflora cincinnata) is a species adapted to the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region and widely used as rootstock, however, studies related to the production of seedlings and their resistance to abiotic stresses are scarce in literature. The objective was to study the production of maracujá-do-mato seedlings under the effect of the electrical conductivity on the irrigation water as a function of the application of organic fertilizers. The experiment was developed at the State University of Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha-PB, in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, with 6 replicates. The factors evaluated were five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw: 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 dS m-1) and application of three organic fertilizers (bovine urine, bovine biofertilizer and liquid earthworm humus). It was verified that the increase of ECw affected the morphology and the quality of the seedlings negatively, while the bovine biofertilizer presented better efficiency in comparison to the others. It is inferred that the use of organic fertilizers as mitigating effects of salinity may be a strategy for production of maracujá-do-mato seedlings in saline conditions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽  
◽  
Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
André Luis da Silva Parente Nogueira ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Wedson de Lima Tôrres ◽  
João Claudio Vilvert ◽  
Airton Torres de Carvalho ◽  
Ricardo Henrique de Lima Leite ◽  
Camila Maia da Silva ◽  
...  

O Brasil se destaca como um dos principais produtores mundiais de mel. A legislação brasileira estabelece parâmetros de qualidade e análises físico-químicas para avaliar e controlar a qualidade do mel comercializado. Essas análises também são importantes para detectar adulterações que podem causar diversos efeitos negativos aos consumidores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a qualidade físico-química de amostras de mel certificadas e não-certificadas produzidas em diferentes cidades da região semiárida brasileira. Vinte e quatro amostras de mel da região semiárida do Brasil foram coletadas e analisadas: quatro de mel certificadas com garantia de genuinidade e origem conhecida e vinte de mel não-certificadas. As seguintes análises foram realizadas em duplicata: umidade, atividade da água, açúcares redutores, sacarose, matéria insolúvel, cinzas, acidez livre, pH e hidroximetilfurfural (HMF). O conteúdo de sacarose foi mais alto nas amostras não-certificadas (p≤0.05), enquanto que as amostras certificadas apresentaram maior acidez livre (p≤0.05). Todas as amostras de mel atenderam aos padrões de umidade, açúcares redutores e cinzas. Sacarose e HMF estavam dentro dos padrões apenas nas amostras certificadas. Algumas amostras de mel de ambos os grupos não atenderam aos padrões de matéria insolúvel e acidez livre. É possível produzir mel em escala comercial nas regiões rurais do semiárido brasileiro, desde que alguns cuidados sejam tomados, especialmente em relação ao tempo prolongado de armazenamento, para que as amostras atendam aos padrões de qualidade.   Palavras-chave: Apis melífera. Brasil. Certificação. Mel. Clima Semiárido   Abstract Brazil stands out as one the world’s largest producers of honey. The Brazilian legislation establish quality standards and physicochemical analyses to evaluate and control the quality of honey sold. These analyses are also important to detect adulterations that can cause several negative effects to consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare physicochemical quality of certified and uncertified honey samples produced in different cities of the Brazilian semi-arid region. Twenty-four honey samples from semi-arid region of Brazil were collected and analysed: four from certified honey with a guarantee of genuineness and known history and twenty from uncertified honey. The following analysis were performed in duplicate: moisture, water activity, reducing sugars, sucrose, insoluble matter, ash, free acidity, pH and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Sucrose content was higher on uncertified samples (p≤0.05), while certified samples had higher free acidity (p≤0.05). All honey samples fit the standards for moisture, reducing sugars and ash. Sucrose and HMF were within the standards only in certified samples. Some honey samples of both groups do not fit the standards for insoluble matter and free acidity. It is possible to produce honey on a commercial scale in rural regions of the Brazilian semi-arid, provided that some precautions are taken, especially in relation to the prolonged storage time, so that the samples meet the quality standards.   Keywords: Apis mellifera. Brazil. Certification. Honey. Semi-Arid Climate


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