scholarly journals A Geração de Conflitos pelo Uso da Água na Bacia do Rio Paracatu, Noroeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Mariana Morales Leite Costa ◽  
Aline Souza Cavalcante ◽  
Cíntia Maria Ribeiro Vilarinho ◽  
Marcelo Gonzaga Muller ◽  
Roberto Cezar Almeida Monte-Mor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Conflict Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Courses

Os conflitos pela água são decorrentes da grande demanda hídrica, cada vez mais frequente, devido à diminuição do abastecimento em todo o mundo. No Brasil, os conflitos são declarados em várias bacias hidrográficas, cenário que colocou diversas regiões em situação de escassez hídrica. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar indícios de conflitos pela água na bacia do rio Paracatu, o que se justifica pela necessidade de aprofundar conhecimentos, visto que o país possui uma das maiores reservas de água doce do mundo e apresenta inúmeras situações de extrema escassez e dificuldade de acesso desse o recurso. A pesquisa envolveu a lista de declarações de áreas de conflitos na bacia, os levantamentos de outorgas e usos insignificantes e a análise do Plano Diretor de Recursos Hídricos (PDRH). Dessa forma, os resultados mostraram que o PDRH da bacia do Paracatu não foi atualizado conforme recomendado, além de não apontar diretamente o potencial de indisponibilidade hídrica na região. Além disso, houve um aumento de 66% de concessões com uma relação crescente com o número de Declarações de Áreas de Conflitos (DAC) emitidas. Os conflitos gerados pela escassez hídrica influenciam significativamente as condições socioambientais da bacia, onde, a maioria dos municípios da própria bacia se encontram em situação de extrema pobreza, de acordo com os índices econômicos atualmente utilizados. Portanto, o estudo identificou a existência de cinco cursos d'água com conflitos declarados, demonstrando a necessidade de planejamento e melhoria da gestão do uso da água para garantir o abastecimento desse recurso para as atuais e futuras gerações.    The Generation of Conflicts over Water Use in the Paracatu River Basin,                                Northwest of Minas Gerais, Brazil A B S T R A C TConflicts over water originate from the high-water demand, which has been increasingly frequent due to the decrease in water supply worldwide. In Brazil, conflicts are declared in several hydrographic basins; scenario that put several regions in a situation of water scarcity. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate evidence of conflict over water in the Paracatu River basin, justified by the need to deepen knowledge, since the country has the largest freshwater reserve in the world and experiences situations of extreme scarcity and difficulty in accessing the resource. The research involved the list of conflict area declarations in the basin, survey of grants and insignificant uses and analysis of the water resources master plan. Thus, the results showed that the water resources development plan for the Paracatu basin was not updated as recommended, in addition to not directly pointing out the potential for water unavailability in the region. In addition, there was a 66% increase in the number of grants with an increasing relationship to the number of DAC’s issued. Conflicts significantly influence the socio-environmental conditions of the basin, where most municipalities are in extreme poverty. In conclusion, the work identified the existence of five water courses with declared conflicts, demonstrating the need for planning and improving water use management to guarantee the supply of this resource for the current and future generations.Keywords - Water Demand, Conflict Area Declaration, Irrigation

Exploring Northwest China's agricultural water-saving strategy: analysis of water use efficiency based on an SE-DEA model conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mu ◽  
L. Fang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Worldwide, water scarcity threatens delivery of water to urban centers. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is often recommended to reduce water demand, especially in water-scarce areas. In this paper, agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is examined using the super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in Xi'an in Northwest China at a temporal and spatial level. The grey systems analysis technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. From the perspective of temporal scales, the AWUE increased year by year during 2004–2012, and the highest (2.05) was obtained in 2009. Additionally, the AWUE was the best in the urban area at the spatial scale. Moreover, the key influencing factors of the AWUE are the financial situations and agricultural water-saving technology. Finally, we identified several knowledge gaps and proposed water-saving strategies for increasing AWUE and reducing its water demand by: (1) improving irrigation practices (timing and amounts) based on compatible water-saving techniques; (2) maximizing regional WUE by managing water resources and allocation at regional scales as well as enhancing coordination among Chinese water governance institutes.

scholarly journals Water resources planning in the Upper Niger River basin: Are there gaps between water demand and supply?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 176-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Liersch ◽  
Samuel Fournet ◽  
Hagen Koch ◽  
Abdouramane Gado Djibo ◽  
Julia Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Water Demand And Supply ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Resources Planning

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Solar Thermal Desalination Technologies: A Review

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Mohammad Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Grid Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Recent Developments

Fresh water resources are depleting rapidly as the water demand around the world continues to increase. Fresh water resources are also not equally distributed geographically worldwide. The best way to tackle this situation is to use solar energy for desalination to not only cater for the water needs of humanity, but also to offset some detrimental environmental effects of desalination. A comprehensive review of the latest literature on various desalination technologies utilizing solar energy is presented here. This paper also highlights the environmental impacts of desalination technologies along with an economic analysis and cost comparison of conventional desalination methods with different solar energy based technologies. This review is part of an investigation into integration of solar thermal desalination into existing grid infrastructure in the Australian context.

Assessing the impacts of shale gas development on the water-energy nexus across the semiarid Mexico’s northeast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Arciniega-Esparza ◽  
Agustín Breña-Naranjo ◽  
Antonio Hernández-Espriú ◽  
Adrián Pedrozo-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
The World

<p><span>An intensification of water use for hydraulic fracturing (HF) to extract oil and gas from deep shale formations has been observed during the last years across the USA, increasing concerns about water resources management in water-limited regions around the world. At the same time, HF has been associated to several environmental and water quality/quantity impacts in many developed plays of USA, China and Canada, nevertheless, assessing impacts on emergent plays involves several difficulties since future development of HF is generally unknown and because of the lack of local data to evaluate water resources baselines.</span></p><p><span>In this work, we present a framework that combines the use of remote sensing derived data to assess the baseline of water resources and the development and application of a statistical model to project the development of HF activities. Remote sensing and global land surface model products of precipitation (CHIRPS), evapotranspiration (MODIS), recharge (WaterGAP model), infiltration and runoff (MERRA) and water storage (GRACE) were used to estimate water availability and the hydrological response of watersheds and aquifers. Scenarios of HF were generated using a statistical model that simulates HF water requirements, hydrocarbon production, flowback-produced water and economic trends, among others factors that influence the HF development.</span></p><p><span>The proposed framework was applied to evaluate the impacts of HF development on the water energy-nexus at the transboundary Eagle Ford play, located across Mexico’s northeast, a water-limited region that contains substantial reserves of shale gas.</span></p><p><span>Scenarios were generated following two economic projections and assuming water use trends and historical HF development from the Eagle Ford, Barnett and Haynesville plays, in Texas, which are geologically similar to the Mexican Eagle Ford play.</span></p><p><span>Results suggested that the higher impacts on the water-energy nexus in Mexico resulted from reported trends in Eagle Ford, Texas, with ~14,000 wells drilled in ten years and an accumulative water use volume of ~450 millions cubic meters, representing about ~69% of the annual groundwater concessions for municipal use.</span></p><p><span>The framework presented in this work can be used in other plays around the world to assess the impacts of HF on water resources and their implications in its water-energy nexus.</span></p>

Analysis of Fairness of Water Use Based on Geordie Coefficient in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Hua Xin Chen ◽  
Xin Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Set Up ◽  
North And South

Bases on the expansion of Geordie Coefficient, a analysis method for water consumption fairness have been set up, and the Geordie coefficients are calculated to describe the influence of population, GDP, water quantity on water use of China in 2009. Then water demand coefficient is put forward to estimate the reasons for unfairness of water use. Moreover, Geordie coefficient of the North and South of China is analyzed. The results show that Geordie Coefficient represents unfairness of water use, which result from the unfair factors, including population, GDP, and water quantity. The research can provide reference for reasonable configuration of the water resources.

scholarly journals Groundwater and River Interaction Impact to Aquifer System in Saigon River Basin, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Tran Thanh Long ◽  
Sucharit Koontanakulvong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
High Water ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

Since the 1990s, under the pressure of socio-economic growth in the Ho Chi Minh City and nearby provinces, the heavy-extraction of groundwater of this area has dramatically increased to meet high water demand for domestic and industrial purposes. Although the groundwater – Saigon River interaction significantly contributes to groundwater reserves, researchers have been less attentive to fully describe and understand the river recharge. This study attempts to explore the impact of groundwater-river interaction to aquifer system due to pumping increase via field seepage and (O18, H2) isotopic measurements in the Saigon River Basin, South East of Vietnam. The analysis showed that river bed conductance at 0 km, 30 km, 60 km, 80 km, and 120 km were 4.5 m2/day/m, 4.2 m2/day/m, 2.5 m2/day/m, 1.7 m2/day/m, and 0.25 m2/day/m respectively. The riverbed conductance relies on the sand percentage of sediment. The composition δO18 in groundwater, river, and precipitation indicates that river recharge to groundwater exists mainly in the lower part of the basin. In contrast to downstream, the composition of δO18 was signified that the river primarily gains water from groundwater upstream. Under pressure of developing economies, the groundwater pumping in the Saigon river basin increased from 175,000 m3/day in 1995 to 880,000 m3/day in 2017. As a consequence of the increased pumping rate, the groundwater discharge to the river decreases from 1.6 to 0.7 times of groundwater pumping in upstream, while the amount of Saigon river recharge increases by 33% to 50% of the total groundwater pumping downstream. Under the exceedance pumping rate, the aquifers in the Saigon River Basin release less water to the Saigon river and it tends to gain more water through the river - groundwater interaction process. Therefore, groundwater management in downstream aquifers needs better joint planning with surface water development plans, particularly for surface water supply utilities which still struggle to satisfy the water demand of the development plan.

scholarly journals The optimal allocation of water resources oriented to prioritizing ecological needs using multiple schemes in the Shaying River Basin (Henan Section), China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
Xiao-Ning Qu ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Chang-Hong Hu ◽  
Qi-Ting Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Ecological Objectives

Abstract China is actively exploring water resources management considering ecological priorities. The Shaying River Basin (Henan Section) serves as an important grain production base in China. However, conflicts for water between humans and the environment are becoming increasingly prominent. The present study analyzed the optimal allocation of water while considering ecological priorities in the Shaying River Basin (Henan Section). The ecological water demand was calculated by the Tennant and the representative station methods; then, based on the predicted water supply and demand in 2030, an optimal allocation model was established, giving priority to meeting ecological objectives while including social and comprehensive economic benefit objectives. After solving the model, the optimal results of three established schemes were obtained. This revealed that scheme 1 and scheme 2 failed to satisfy the water demand of the study area in 2030 by only the current conditions and strengthening water conservation, respectively. Scheme 3 was the best scheme, which could balance the water supply and demand by adding new water supply based on strengthening water conservation and maximizing the benefits. Therefore, the actual water allocation in 2030 is forecast to be 7.514 billion (7.514 × 109) m3. This study could help basin water management departments deal with water use and supply.

scholarly journals Reviving the Ganges Water Machine: why?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 8727-8759 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. A. Amarasinghe ◽  
L. Mutuwatte ◽  
L. Surinaidu ◽  
S. Anand ◽  
S. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Ganges River Basin

Abstract. The Ganges River Basin may have a major pending water crisis. Although the basin has abundant surface water and groundwater resources, the seasonal monsoon causes a mismatch between supply and demand as well as flooding. Water availability and flood potential is high during the 3–4 months of the monsoon season. Yet, the highest demands occur during the 8–9 months of the non-monsoon period. Addressing this mismatch requires substantial additional storage for both flood reduction and improvements in water supply. Due to hydrogeological, environmental, and social constraints, expansion of surface storage in the Ganges River Basin is problematic. A range of interventions that focus more on the use of subsurface storage (SSS), and on the acceleration of surface–subsurface water exchange, have long been known as the "Ganges Water Machine". One approach for providing such SSS is through additional pumping prior to the onset of the monsoon season. An important necessary condition for creating such SSS is the degree of unmet water demand. This paper highlights that an unmet water demand ranging from 59 to 119 Bm3 exists under two different irrigation water use scenarios: (i) to increase Rabi and hot weather season irrigation to the entire irrigable area, and (ii) to provide Rabi and hot weather season irrigation to the entire cropped area. This paper shows that SSS can enhance water supply, and provide benefits for irrigation and other water use sectors. In addition, it can buffer the inherent variability in water supply and mitigate extreme flooding, especially in the downstream parts of the basin. It can also increase river flow during low-flow months via baseflow or enable the re-allocation of irrigation canal water. Importantly, SSS can mitigate the negative effects of both flooding and water scarcity in the same year, which often affects the most vulnerable segments of society – women and children, the poor and other disadvantaged social groups.

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