scholarly journals Análise Climatológica, Classificação Climática e Variabilidade do Balanço Hídrico Climatológico na Bacia do Rio Uruçui Preto, PI (Climatological Analysis, Classification Climate Variability and Water Balance Climatological River Basin Uruçui Preto, PI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Mainar Medeiros ◽  
Daris Correia dos Santos ◽  
Francisco de Assis Salviano de Sousa ◽  
Manoel Francisco Gomes Filho
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Conhecer o clima local é um fator importante para planejar os recursos hídricos, haja vista que vários elementos meteorológicos estão inseridos no ciclo hidrológico. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a estimativa dos balanços hídricos climatológicos (BHC) e suas classificações segundo KÖPPEN e THORNTHWAITE & MATHER para a área da bacia do rio Uruçuí Preto na Chapada da Manabeiras, PI. Os meses de maiores insolação ocorrem entre maio a outubro com flutuações variando de 223,0 a 297,1 horas e décimos. A umidade relativa do ar oscila entre 60 a 80% nos meses de novembro a maio. A retirada de água na área da bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruçuí Preto ocorrem nos meses de agosto a janeiro, as deficiências hídricas ocorrem entre os meses de outubro a janeiro, a reposição das águas acontecem nos meses de fevereiro e março e os excedentes hídricos ocorrem entre os meses de abril a julho, desta forma conclui-se que a comunidade ribeirinha utiliza-se de sistema de irrigação nas atividades agrícolas independente dos períodos seco ou chuvoso. Knowing the local climate is an important factor to consider water resources, considering that various meteorological elements are embedded in the hydrological cycle. In this context, the aim of this work is to evaluate the estimation of climatological water balance (BHC) and their classifications on KÖPPEN and THORNTHWAITE & MATHER to the area of the river basin on Uruçuí Preto Chapada da Manabeiras, PI. The months of greatest insolation occur between May to October with fluctuations ranging from 223.0 to 297.1 hours and tenths. The relative humidity ranges from 60-80% in the months from November to May. The withdrawal of water in the catchment area of the River Uruçuí Preto occur in the months from August to January, water deficit occur between the months from October to January, the replacement of water occur in the months of February and March and water surpluses occur between the months from April to July. thus concludes that the riverside community makes use of the irrigation system in agricultural activities independent of the dry or rainy. KeyWords: climatic oscillations, climatology, water cycle

The Impacts of the Basin Scale Hydrological Cycle to Water Budget of Wetlands in Nenjiang River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3098-3104
Author(s):  
Deng Hua Yan ◽  
Yong Yuan ◽  
Yang Wen Jia ◽  
Dong Lai Hu ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Nenjiang River Basin ◽  
Primary Output

The relationship between the water budget of wetlands and the water cycle process in local river basin is bidirectional. The recovery and function performance of the wetland are based on this relationship. Hydrological models are the effective tool to detecting this link. The distributed hydrologic model was the key supports in this study and was used to quantitative identify the change of water budget of the wetlands which was impacted by the water cycle evolution in Nenjiang River basin in Northeast China. The results indicated that precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration both in the basin and wetlands present similar declining trend. The precipitation is the major recharge source, and the evapotranspiration is the primary output of wetlands. The value of mean change in storage of the wetlands is negative which is caused by the decrease of the area of wetlands. The results of land use pattern evolution change surface inflow in the wetlands in the basin scenarios simulation indicated. These results suggested that water budget of wetlands is influenced by water cycle in basin. And some reasonable measures for wetlands management should not only base on its features, but also pay attention to hydrological regime in basin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Hydrological Cycle over the Mississippi River Basin as Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM)

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Music ◽  
Daniel Caya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Physical Parameterizations

Abstract The water cycle over a given region is governed by many complex multiscale interactions and feedbacks, and their representation in climate models can vary in complexity. To understand which of the key processes require better representation, evaluation and validation of all components of the simulated water cycle are required. Adequate assessing of the simulated hydrological cycle over a given region is not trivial because observations for various water cycle components are seldom available at the regional scale. In this paper, a comprehensive validation method of the water budget components over a river basin is presented. In addition, the sensitivity of the hydrological cycle in the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) to a more realistic representation of the land surface processes, as well as radiation, cloud cover, and atmospheric boundary layer mixing is investigated. The changes to the physical parameterizations are assessed by evaluating the CRCM hydrological cycle over the Mississippi River basin. The first part of the evaluation looks at the basin annual means. The second part consists of the analysis and validation of the annual cycle of all water budget components. Finally, the third part is directed toward the spatial distribution of the annual mean precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff. Results indicate a strong response of the CRCM evapotranspiration and precipitation biases to the physical parameterization changes. Noticeable improvement was obtained in the simulated annual cycles of precipitation, evapotranspiration, moisture flux convergence, and terrestrial water storage tendency when more sophisticated physical parameterizations were used. Some improvements are also observed for the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation and evapotranspiration. The simulated runoff is less sensitive to changes in the CRCM physical parameterizations.

scholarly journals Agricultural Activities in the Kama River Basin and its Part in the Surface Waters Quality Formation

2012 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Quality Formation

Some issues of the determination of agriculture-induced nutrient load upon watercourses including nitrogen and phosphorous carryover from agricultural lands, as well as the said elements accumulation on the catchment area due to cattle-breeding development have been considered with the Kama River basin as a study case. Measures on mitigation of this load upon watercourses have been proposed.

scholarly journals Impact of changes in land use in the flow of the Pará River Basin, MG

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro L. Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos A. T. Elmiro ◽  
Francisco de A. Braga ◽  
Claudia M. Jacobi ◽  
Rafael D. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
The Impact

Plant cover plays an essential role in the maintenance and balance of the hydrological cycle, performing functions in the control of water availability, which guarantee flow permanence. The use of mathematical models is an alternative to represent the hydrological system and help in the understanding of phenomena involving the variables of the water cycle, in order to anticipate and predict impacts from potential changes in land use. In the present study, the hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to analyse the dynamics of flow and water flow in the Pará River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the impact caused by changes in land use in water availability. The adjusted model was assessed by the coefficient of efficiency of Nash-Sutcliffe (between -0.057 to -0.059), indicating high correlation and coefficient of residual mass (0.757 to 0.793) and therefore a satisfactory fit. An increase of about 10% in the basin flow was estimated, as a function of changes in land use, when simulating the removal of the original 'Cerrado' vegetation and of the seasonal semideciduous forest for pasture implementation in 38% of the basin.

scholarly journals Partitioning the forest water balance within a boreal catchment using sapflux, eddy covariance and process-based model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kozii ◽  
Kersti Haahti ◽  
Pantana Tor-ngern ◽  
Jinshu Chi ◽  
Eliza Maher Hasselquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Cascading Effects

Abstract. In the hydrological cycle, water is lost from terrestrial ecosystems either laterally through stream runoff or vertically as evapotranspiration (ET) back to the atmosphere. Although it is well known that ET losses represents an important water loss pathway at local to global scales, the magnitude and relative importance of ET and its individual flux components varies considerable among different ecosystems. In this study, we combined empirical sapflux and eddy covariance measurements with estimates from a process-based model to partition the water balance in a boreal forested catchment. This study was conducted within the Krycklan Catchment, which has state-of-the-art infrastructure for hydrological measurements, thereby providing us the unique opportunity to compare the absolute and relative magnitude of ET and its flux components to other water loss pathways (i.e., stream runoff). During the growing season, ET was the major water loss pathway, representing ca. 85 % of the incoming precipitation and being roughly 7 times greater than stream runoff. Both the empirical results and model estimates suggested that tree transpiration (T) and canopy interception (IL) represented 45 % and 35 % of total ET loss; respectively, and thus together were responsible for 70 % of the water loss during the growing season. Understory evapotranspiration (ETu) was less important than T and IL during most of the study period, except for late autumn when ETu was the largest ET flux component. Overall, our study highlights the importance of trees in regulating the water cycle of boreal catchments, implying that forest management impacts on stand structure as well as climate change effects on tree growth are likely to have large cascading effects on the way water moves through these forested landscapes.

scholarly journals Rainfall, evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit trend in Alor Setar, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Aimi Athirah Ahmad ◽  
Fadhilah Yusof ◽  
Muhamad Radzali Mispan ◽  
Hasliana Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Rainfall Deficit ◽  
Increasing Trends

Rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are important variables in water balance study. Rainfall data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department while estimates of potential evapotranspiration were calculated using Penman-Monteith method. Trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit are essential to manage irrigation system in agricultural systems. This is because changes in trend of these parameters may affect the water cycle and ecosystem. Annual and monthly values of these variables were analysed from 1980-2009. Results indicated  increasing trends of 16.2 mm yr-1 and 3.01 mm yr-1 for both annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, these trends resulted in annual rainfall deficit of 1.69 mm per year. 

HOUSEHOLD WATER BALANCE AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER VOLUME FOR IRRIGATION IN AGRO LANDSCAPES OF THE KYZYLSU-YUZHNAYA BASIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
D.KH. DOMULLODZHANOV ◽  
◽  
R. RAHMATILLOEV
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Household Water ◽  
And Storage

The article presents the results of the field studies and observations that carried out on the territory of the hilly, low-mountain and foothill agro landscapes of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya (Kyzylsu-Southern) River Basin of Tajikistan. Taking into account the high-altitude location of households and the amount of precipitation in the river basin, the annual volumes of water accumulated with the use of low-cost systems of collection and storage of precipitation have been clarified. The amount of water accumulated in the precipitation collection and storage systems has been established, the volume of water used for communal and domestic needs,the watering of livestock and the amount of water that can be used to irrigate crops in the have been determined. Possible areas of irrigation of household plots depending on the different availability of precipitation have been determined. It has been established that in wet years (with precipitation of about 10%) the amount of water collected using drip irrigation will be sufficient for irrigation of 0.13 hectares, and in dry years (with 90% of precipitation) it will be possible to irrigate only 0.03 ha of the household plot. On the basis of the basin, the total area of irrigation in wet years can be 4497 ha, and in dry years only 1087 ha. Taking into account the forecasts of population growth by 2030 and an increase in the number of households, the total area of irrigation of farmlands in wet years may reach 5703 hectares,and in dry years – 1379 hectares. Growing crops on household plots under irrigation contributes to a significant increase in land productivity and increases the efficiency of water use of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya basin.

Assessment of climate change impacts on water balance and hydrological extremes in Bang Pakong-Prachin Buri river basin, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 109544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thundorn Okwala ◽  
Sangam Shrestha ◽  
Suwas Ghimire ◽  
S. Mohanasundaram ◽  
Avishek Datta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Hydrological Extremes

scholarly journals Watershed Sustainability Index for Langat UNESCO HELP River Basin, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Rahmah Elfithri ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
Mat Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Raihan Taha ◽  
Mohd Ekhwan Toriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
State Response ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Basin Hydrology ◽  
Pressure State

The study on Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) has been conducted to analyst the environmental condition in the area incorporating ecological baseline and socio-economic conditions. WSI is an integrated indicator based on basin Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) state condition. It is suitable to be applied in the Langat River Basin in Malaysia which has similar catchment area (up to 2,350 km2) and is one of the UNESCO HELP River Basin since 2004. The WSI analysis which uses a pressure–state–response function based on basin HELP Indicator was done for Langat River Basin by using relevant available 5 years data for the period of 2009 to 2013. It is found that Langat River Basin is having WSI value of 0.68 which falls under the category of medium sustainability (between 0.5-0.8). Based on the maximum value (i.e. 1) or high sustainability (i.e. WSI value more than 0.8) it can be said that Langat is in the good side in term of sustainability. Few management aspects need to be improved and maintained well to be more sustainable. The assessment provides Langat River Basin with more information that is crucial in managing the basin through the adoption of UNESCO’s HELP Framework.   

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