Deposition of copper in cattle and buffaloes edible tissues slaughtered in Assiut city, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
T.H. Youssef ◽  
Y.A. Hefnawy ◽  
H.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

A total of 168 samples of livers, kidneys and muscles (part of the diaphragm) were screened. The samples were subjected to preparation and for measurement the level of copper (Cu) by using Atomic Absorption/Flaming Emission Spectrophotometer. Buffaloes organs showed variations in their copper content. As for liver, the mean copper concentrations were 11.52 ± 5.41 with a range varied from 2.34 to 21.88 μg/g wet weight. Whereas in buffalo kidneys copper level varied from 2.34 to 15.13 with a mean value of 5.85 ± 4.34 μg/g wet weight. Moreover, the concentrations of copper in buffalo muscles varied from1.56 to 15.50 μg/g wet weight with a mean value of 4.35 ± 3.96. On the other hand, copper in cattle liver varied in its concentrations where the mean value was 11.59 ± 5.79, with a range varied from 3.13 to 25.00 μg/g wet weight. Copper in cattle kidneys varied from 2.50 to 16.3 with a mean value of 4.18 ± 3.12 μg/g wet weight. Besides, the concentrations of copper in cattle muscles were 3.23 ± 2.48, 1.88 and 14.34 μg/g wet weight, respectively as a mean, minimum and maximum. In conclusion, 1% - 26% of the examined samples of both cattle and buffalo were higher than the results obtained by Egyptian Organization Standardization and Quality Control (2008), in addition, livers samples have high concentrations of copper than kidneys and muscles.

Inorganic Bromide in Higher Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stijve
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract A total of 138 samples of higher fungi, representing 35 species (15 belonging to the genus Amanita), were analysed for the trace element bromine using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods. High concentrations of bromine, up to 100 mg/kg on dry weight, were encountered in Amanitaceae, especially in members of the subsections Phalloideae and Eu-Amanita, whereas in other fungi the mean value for this element was only 3,3 m g/kg. Some bromine-accumulating Amanitas also contained unusually high chlorine levels. Am axi­mum concentration of 3 percent on dry weight was measured in A. phalloides. It could be demonstrated that most, if not all of bromine and chlorine was present in the fungi as ionisable inorganic salts. Two organochlorine metabolites, previously reported in some mushrooms, were absent in A. phalloides and A. muscaria.

A pharmacokinetic study of Genetaxyl (G) together with cyclosporin A (CsA) administered orally in cancer patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12002-12002
Author(s):  
C. Liau ◽  
E. Lepper ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
T. Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Apparent Bioavailability ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

12002 Background: Oral administration of paclitaxel given with CsA has shown promising activity in Phase II trials, but the apparent bioavailability is low and dose-dependent due to the presence of high concentrations of Cremophor EL (CrEL). We hypothesized that the use of a novel oral paclitaxel formulation containing only 20% CrEL (Genetaxyl [G]; Genovate Biotechnology Ltd., Taiwan), given with CsA is associated with an improved pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Methods: Cohorts of 6 patients with cancer were treated with oral G at a dose of 60, 120, or 180 mg/m2 and 10 mg/kg of oral CsA in cycle 1. In cycle 2, patients received IV G (175 mg/m2, 3-h infusion). Three additional patients received generic IV paclitaxel (GIP). Serial blood samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS and equilibrium dialysis, to determine total and unbound paclitaxel PK. Results: The mean (± SD) total paclitaxel AUCs were 1299±189, 1682±636, and 2204±1407 ng.h/mL at the 3 consecutive dose levels, suggesting nonlinear PK. However, based on unbound AUC, the oral bioavailability was dose-independent (P=.62), with a mean value of 37.2±18.6% (n=15). As expected, the total paclitaxel AUC following IV G (9024±4648 ng·h/mL) was lower than that for IV GIP (13,732±3983 ng·h/mL), as a result of increased clearance (39.6 vs 18.3 L/h) and a larger volume of distribution (768 vs 268 L). Interestingly, the unbound paclitaxel AUC was similar between the two IV formulations (P=.25), as the ratio of unbound/total paclitaxel for G was 2.5 times higher than that for GIP (12.5 vs 4.9%). Toxicity profiles were mild, with only 2 patients experiencing ≥ Gr 3 myelosuppression following oral G at 180 mg/m2. Conclusions: The mean bioavailability of paclitaxel following oral Genetaxyl with CsA was about 37%, which is higher than that observed previously with paclitaxel (range, 21–31%). Further clinical exploration of oral Genetaxyl in taxane-sensitive diseases is warranted. [Table: see text]

COPPER TO MOLYBDENUM RATIO AND MOLYBDENUM AND COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN RUMINANT FEEDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. MILTIMORE ◽  
J. L. MASON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Extreme Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mean Concentration

Molybdenum and Cu concentrations and Cu/Mo ratios were determined on samples of legume hay, grass legume hay, grass hay, sedge hay, oat forage, corn silage and grains throughout British Columbia. In addition, the relationships between Cu distribution and both Mo concentration and the Cu/Mo ratio were determined for all feeds. The critical Cu/Mo ratio was selected as 2.0, and samples with ratios below 2.0 would be expected to cause conditioned copper deficiency. Sedge hays had a mean Cu/Mo ratio of 2.1, which was less than half the mean ratio of 4.4 for grass hays. The mean ratios for the other classes of feed were 5.0 or higher. Notwithstanding the favorable mean ratios, 19% of all samples had ratios below 2.0. The lowest Cu/Mo ratio was 0.1 and the highest was 52.7, which shows extreme variability. Molybdenum concentrations were generally low, with 35% of all samples below 1 ppm Mo. There were no unusually high Mo concentrations, as only 1% of all feeds were above 8.0 ppm Mo and the highest value was 9.9 ppm. Copper concentrations were low. Fourteen percent of all samples were below 3.0 ppm and 95% of all samples were below 10.0 ppm. Legume feeds had a mean Cu concentration of 7.5 ppm, in contrast to sedge hays which had a mean concentration of 3.3 ppm Cu. As Cu concentrations increased in all feeds the Cu/Mo ratios also increased, when all feeds were considered in one compilation. Molybdenum concentrations were high, then decreased, but increased to the same high concentrations as Cu concentrations increased. These data indicate an unexpectedly high and nutritionally important variability in Cu/Mo ratios, and add further support to our previous report of extensive low levels of Cu. Both Cu and Mo analyses are required to predict the need for Cu supplementation. This appears to be the first extensive report on Cu/Mo ratios in feeds.

Dependence of the Distortion of the Square Pyramids in N, N-Dimethylethylenediammonium Pentachloroantimonate(III) on the Geometry of Hydrogen Bonds

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bujak ◽  
Jacek Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Pyramidal Geometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Square Pyramidal Geometry

AbstractN ,N-Dimethylethylenediammonium pentachloroantimonate(III) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, in space group P21/c (a = 12.460(2), b = 10.252(2), c = 10.330(2) Å, β = 97.75(3)°, V = 1307.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, dc = 1.997, dm = 1.99(2) g/cm3). The crystal structure of [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3][SbCl5] consists of isolated [SbCl5]2- anions and [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3]2+ cations. The [SbCl5]2- anion has a distorted square pyramidal geometry, presenting one short axial and four long equatorial Sb-Cl bonds. The square pyramids are characteristically stacked one close to the other, parallel to the c axis. The voids between the anionic sublattice are filled by [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3]2+ cations. The five non-equivalent Sb-Cl bond distances within the [SbCl5]2- square pyramid are significantly different. The equatorial Sb-Cl bonds are in the range 2.427(2)-2.968(2) Å, whereas the axial one is 2.384(1) Å long. The study reveals that N-H...C1 hydrogen bonds are responsible for the deformation of equatorial Sb-Cl bonds from the mean value of 2.654(7) Å. Analysis of intermolecular interactions between the [SbCl5]2- pyramids in the structure, reflected in changes of Sb-Cl bond lengths from the values characteristic of non-interacting pyramids, leads to the conclusion that the van der Waals radius of Sb is significantly smaller than that estimated by Pauling.

scholarly journals New Method to Calculate the Level of Consistency of the Pauli & Kraepelin Tests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Haryadi ◽  
Salma Huda California
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Made In

In this paper, we proposed a modification of the measurement of the personality consistency level of the Pauli & Kraepelin Test in the field of psychology, using the formula made in April 2016, by Sigit Haryadi, and named "the Harmony in Gradation" or “the Haryadi Index”. The purpose of this proposal is because the existing formula uses only the mean value of the deviation, which leads to the possibility that the result of consistency measurement on people whose facts are different levels of consistency will be considered to have the same consistency level, on the other hand, the proposed method will be more accurate and precise in terms of providing an assessment of the level of personality consistency of a person.

The Estimation of Magnesium in Plasma, Muscle and Bone, by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract The use of the EEL 140 atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of magnesium in plasma, skeletal muscle, and bone is described together with an examination of the pattern of chemical interference in each type of sample. The sampling procedure and preparation of each kind of sample for analysis is detailed, and recovery studies on plasma bone and muscle are presented. The mean value for plasma magnesium in 42 normal men and women was 2.16 mg/100 ml ± SD of 0.08. For 30 male Wistar strain rats, the plasma value was 2.10 mg/100 ml ± SD of 0.18. In 15 normal postmortem human muscle samples, the mean magnesium content was found to be 93 mg/100 g of dry muscle, the series range being between 83 and 101 mg/100 g. The comparable value in 49 male rats was 125 mg/100 g dry weight ± SD 1.8. Bone magnesium in femur diaphysis of 20 male rats (average weight 200 g) was 563 mg/100 g dry weight ± SD 12.7. It is concluded that this instrument, when operated in the manner suggested in our study, is technically easy to use, and gives precise, sensitive, and reproducible results for magnesium in a variety of biologic material.

scholarly journals Study of Factors Influencing the Risk and their Relation to Credibility Theory

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Amélia Cabral ◽  
Jorge Afonso Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Credibility Theory ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Characteristics

The study and analysis of the various factors influencing insurance risks constitutes an intricate and usually quite extensive problem. We have to consider on the one hand the nature and heterogeneity of the elements we have been able to measure, and on the other the problem of deciding—without knowing exactly what results to expect—on the types of analysis to carry out and the form in which to present the results.These difficulties, essentially stemming from the fact that we cannot easily define “a priori” a measure of influence, can be overcome only by using highly sophisticated mathematical models. The researcher must define his objectives clearly if he is to avoid spending too much of his time in exploring such models.Either for these reasons or for lack of our experience in this field we were led to the study of three models, presenting entirely different characteristics though based on the analysis and behaviour of mean value fluctuations, measured by their variances or by the least-squares method.Our first model, described in II. 1, associates the notion of influence with the notion of variance. It analyses in detail the alteration of the mean values variance, when what we refer to as a “margination” is executed in the parameter space, taking each of the parameters in turn. We start off by having n distinct parameters, reducing them by one with each step.

SET DEFUZZIFICATION AND CHOQUET INTEGRAL

2001 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKIO OGURA ◽  
SHOUMEI LI ◽  
DAN A. RALESCU
Keyword(s):  
Integral Method ◽  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fuzzy Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Aumann Integral ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method

In this paper, we discuss the defuzzification problem. We first propose a set defuzzification method, (from a fuzzy set to a crisp set) by using the Aumann integral. From the obtained set to a point, we have two methods of defuzzification. One of these uses the mean value method and the other uses a fuzzy measure. In the first case, we compare our mean value method with the method of the center of gravity. In the second case, we compare fuzzy measure method with the Choquet integral method. We also give there a sufficient condition so that the results in the last two methods are equivalent.

An application of the minimum discrimination information estimate to compute log-likelihood ratios

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
E. L. Melnick ◽  
S. Kullback
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Value Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Discrimination Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nikodym Derivative ◽  
Minimum Discrimination Information

In this paper the minimum discrimination information estimate is used to compute the log-likelihood ratio or logarithm of the Radon-Nikodym derivative In (dP1/dP2) when the stochastic process {x(t), t∈T) has either the probability measure P1 or P2. One example tests the mean value function of Gaussian processes. The other tests the mean value function of a continuous time Poisson process.

Team Working

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fioravanti
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Single Part

This chapter is based mainly on my experiences as a development member of industrial and research projects in which I have participated in the first years of my career. Team working is very different from acting as a single developer or consultant who has the entire responsibility and control of the assigned work. The main difference is that in individual work, you have to develop a single part of a project that matches your skills and knowledge, while in team working, the collective effort of different individuals with different knowledge and backgrounds can be mixed together in order to increase the mean value of the cultural level of the components. The knowledge and understanding of a team is greater than the mean calculated on all the individuals of the team, since each member benefits from the cultural level, skills, and suggestions of the other members.

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