Knowledge, Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, Education Level, and Unmet Need of Family Planning among Women in Indonesia

Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved, unmet need being one of the imperative component.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 316. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Unmet need of family planning was found to be 10.4%.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity.

Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13188.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Kristin Bietsch ◽

Ali Arbaji ◽

Jennifer Mason ◽

Rebecca Rosenberg ◽

Malak Al Ouri

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Total Fertility Rate ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Family Health ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Background: Between the two most recent Population and Family Health Surveys, Jordan saw a dramatic decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.5 to 2.7 in 5.5 years. Over the same period, modern contraceptive use also declined, from 61.2% to 51.8% among married women. This decrease in both TFR and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) diverges from the typical relationship seen between these two factors whereby historically as CPR increases, TFR decreases. This paper explores this unique pattern using multiple methodologies. Methods: First, we validate the survey data using nationally collected data on fertility and contraceptive distribution. Second, we look to changes that have historically influenced changes in CPR and TFR, including changes in ideal family size and wanted fertility rates. Third, we explore proximate determinants and other influences on fertility and changes in contraception, examining the changes in the method mix and unmet need; marriage patterns, including the demographics of the married population, spousal separation, and time since last sex; postpartum insusceptibility; infecundity, both primary and secondary; and abortion, to see if any have shifted significantly enough to allow for fertility to decline with less contraceptive use. Results: We find that the decline in fertility in Jordan was driven by a reduction in mistimed or unwanted pregnancies and there was a significant increase in the share of reproductive aged women who are infecund. We also concluded that the changes in fertility and contraceptive use are driven by changes in Jordanian nationals, not by the growing Syrian refugee population. Conclusions: Jordan is not the only country to be experiencing a shift in the typical relationship between CPR and TFR. Results can inform both future approaches for family planning programs and our expectations regarding what kind of change our family planning investments might buy.

CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE, UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i2.136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Khola Noreen ◽

Kausar Aftab Khan ◽

Naeem Khan ◽

Shahzad Ali Khan ◽

Nadia Khalid

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Education Status ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Family planning includes knowledge, services, attitude, policies and practices which enable individuals to decide whether they want to have child and allow them to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Pakistan with population of 195.390 million with estimated population growth rate as 1.89 is the sixth most populous country in the world. Our objectives were to assess the total demand of family planning, contraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for family planning and factors associated with unmet need of family planning among women of reproductive age group. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study on 355 females of reproductive age attending the out-patient department as patient or attendant. Data were collected using structured questionnaire after the participants' verbal consent. Results: The prevalence of unmet need was 34%. The proportion of unmet need for spacing was 63.6% and for limiters it was found to be 36.3%. Contraceptive prevalence rate was 57%. Total demand for family planning was 92.1%.Almost all study participant had knowledge regarding at least one method of contraception. Unmet need of family planning was found to be significantly associated with age and education status of women. High unmet need was there in women with low education status (p=0.047) and older age group (p=0.003). Main reasons for not using contraceptive was family opposition both family and husband (66.9), and fear of side effects (17.3%). Conclusion: More than one third females had unmet need which strongly points towards the strong influence of various socio demographic factors contributing towards the unmet need.

Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13188.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Kristin Bietsch ◽

Ali Arbaji ◽

Jennifer Mason ◽

Rebecca Rosenberg ◽

Malak Al Ouri

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Total Fertility Rate ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Family Health ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Background: Between the two most recent Population and Family Health Surveys, Jordan saw a dramatic decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.5 to 2.7 in 5.5 years. Over the same period, modern contraceptive use also declined, from 61.2% to 51.8% among married women. This decrease in both TFR and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) diverges from the typical relationship seen between these two factors whereby historically as CPR increases, TFR decreases. This paper explores this unique pattern using multiple methodologies. Methods: First, we validate the survey data using nationally collected data on fertility and contraceptive distribution. Second, we look to changes that have historically influenced changes in CPR and TFR, including changes in ideal family size and wanted fertility rates. Third, we explore proximate determinants and other influences on fertility and changes in contraception, examining the changes in the method mix and unmet need; marriage patterns, including the demographics of the married population, spousal separation, and time since last sex; postpartum insusceptibility; infecundity, both primary and secondary; and abortion, to see if any have shifted significantly enough to allow for fertility to decline with less contraceptive use. Results: We find that the decline in fertility in Jordan was driven by a reduction in mistimed or unwanted pregnancies and there was a significant increase in the share of reproductive aged women who are infecund. We also concluded that the changes in fertility and contraceptive use are driven by changes in Jordanian nationals, not by the growing Syrian refugee population. Conclusions: Jordan is not the only country to be experiencing a shift in the typical relationship between CPR and TFR. Results can inform both future approaches for family planning programs and our expectations regarding what kind of change our family planning investments might buy.

701To estimate contraceptive prevalence rate and unmet need for family planning in rural Shimla

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anmol Gupta

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Universal Access ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government

Abstract Background The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 410. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent. Results The mean age of the participants was 28.9 ± 5.9 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Conclusions Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity. Key messages The continuing IEC activity related to family planning methods need to be upsurged, so that the available contraceptives reach the community by and large. The government system of provision of contraceptives may be made accessible and convenient, so that the beneficiaries are inclined to utilise these services.

Socio-demographic determinants and modern family planning usage pattern-an analysis of National Family Health Survey-IV data

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 738 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ajit Kumar Dey

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Modern Method ◽

Statistical Testing ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Population Increase ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Background: India, which accounts for world's 17.5 percent population, is the second most populous country in the world next only to China (19.4%). The major objective of the NFHS surveys has been to strengthen India’s demographic and health database, to anticipate and meet the country’s needs for data on emerging health and family welfare issues. The objectives of the study were to study the different background characteristics of women adopting different family planning methods and to analyze the associated socio-demographic factors..Methods: Secondary data analysis of NFHS 4 datasets obtained from DHS program portal. Appropriate statistical testing of associated socio-demographic variables done and interpreted accordingly.Results: Out of total 63696 couples, 99.2% women and 98.6% men knew modern method of contraception, 48.6% were currently using modern method of contraception and 7.4% traditional method. The majority (34%) women adopted female sterilization as current method of contraception. There is interstate variation in the contraceptive prevalence rate highest (80.60%) in Chandigarh compared to least (26.64%) in Goa. There is significant association observed between place of residence, religion, wealth index, women education, education of husband towards current contraceptive use.Conclusions: About 45% of population increase is contributed by births above two children per family. The adoption of appropriate method of contraception by couples made available through quality family planning services and empowering women by proper behavior change communication will help improve the present contraceptive prevalence rate especially among the vulnerable groups.

QUADRANT ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FERTILITY RATE AND CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE OF DISTRICT AND CITY IN EAST JAVA

Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan ◽

10.20473/jbk.v9i2.2020.87-94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Kiki Adi Mutiari ◽

Kuntoro Kuntoro

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Total Fertility Rate ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Family Planning Program ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Quadrant Analysis ◽

Planning Program ◽

The Government

One of the indicators determine the wellness of Family Planning Program is the high number of participants enrolling, or commonly known as the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) and the number of children born known as the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of a maximum of 2 children. There are several regions in East Java where the situation of TFR and CPR does not show the ideal conditions. This shows that there are problems in the current family planning program. This research was conducted to map districts and cities in East Java based on TFR and CPR data respectively in quadrant form. This type of research is on-reactive research which utilizes secondary data from Indonesia - National Socio-Economic Survey in 2015. The research method used is recapitulating data and classifying districts and cities in the form of quadrants by comparing to data on achievement of TFR and CPR in East Java using SPSS. The results of the study have mapped districts and cities in East Java which are described in quadrant form. The regions that need major attention from the government are regions in quadrants I and II. Quadrant III is included in an abnormal condition and quadrant IV is a quadrant that has an area where TFR and CPR conditions are ideal. The conclusions of this study are the areas in quadrant I, namely: Sampang (district), Blitar (city), Blitar (district), Tulungagung (district), Ponorogo (district), Madiun (city), and Pasuruan (city) are the priority in getting the FP program improvements. The advice that can be given is to evaluate the ongoing family planning program to find out the factors that cause the TFR and CPR conditions are not in line with government expectations.

A community-based study to estimate the contraceptive prevalence rate among the women of reproductive age group in rural North India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3244

Author(s):

Anita Thakur ◽

Anmol K. Gupta ◽

Tripti Chauhan ◽

Nidhi Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Universal Access ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from September to December 2019, with sample size of 316. The eligible participants were administered a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group 15-49 years. Male condom 36%, followed by female sterilization 30% were the most common methods preferred.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity.

Setting the stage for strengthened annual monitoring of Family Planning program performance at the National and Subnational level in Myanmar

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13012.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1541

Author(s):

Khaing Nwe Tin ◽

Jessica Williamson ◽

Emily Sonneveldt

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Family Planning ◽

Management Information System ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Family Planning Program ◽

Management Information ◽

Planning Program ◽

Valid Information

Background: Although Myanmar has made good progress in family planning by increased contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) from 41% in 2007 to 52.2% in 2016, it remains lower than the target of 60% by 2020. There are also huge disparities sub-nationally, ranging from 25% to 60%. While there is a strong need to monitor the progress of family planning program regularly at the national and sub-national level, Myanmar has limited surveys, data quality and methodological issues in its Health Management Information System (HMIS), and a scattered rollout of the Logistic Management Information System (LMIS). Methods: To identify viable options for annual monitoring, four data sources: modelled contraceptive prevalence rate for modern methods (mCPR) estimates from Track20’s Family Planning Estimation Tool (FPET); method-specific prevalence from the 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); mCPR estimates and method prevalence from HMIS and estimates of modern method use (EMU) based on commodity consumption data from LMIS, were used to compare for the years 2015-2017. Estimates of mCPR from HMIS were tested for accuracy based on whether they fell within the 95% confidence interval of mCPR estimates from the FPET for the corresponding years. EMU from LMIS was also tested for those years and States/Regions where available. Results: For annual tracking of mCPR, direct estimates of HMIS were considered; they were much higher than those of the DHS survey and were not matched by FPET results, except in Chin and Kayin. To monitor the method mix, HMIS data can be used as these are similar pattern with DHS in both national and State/Regional level except Chin and Kayin. LMIS could be used in annual tracking when there are high reporting rates and valid information of consumption. Conclusions: Track20’s FPET is the method of choice to get valid information for annual monitoring of family planning program.

Contraceptive prevalence rate and associated factors among reproductive age women in four emerging regions of Ethiopia: a mixed method study

Contraception and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s40834-021-00162-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Delayehu Bekele ◽

Feiruz Surur ◽

Balkachew Nigatu ◽

Alula Teklu ◽

Tewodros Getinet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Individual Health ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa, known for its high fertility and low contraceptive use. The magnitude of contraceptive use in the emerging regions of the country is below the national average. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the reasons for low contraceptive use in these regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess contraceptive use and associated factors in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. Methods For the quantitative part, a community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2891 reproductive age women who were selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected face to face using an open data kit software, and STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. Frequencies, percentages, summary measures and tables were used to summarize and present the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with contraceptive use, by computing odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Level of significance was considered at p-value < 0.05. For the qualitative part, phenomenological study was conducted among 252 health care workers and community members who were selected purposely. The data were collected by focused group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews. The data were audio-recorded in the local languages, and then translated to English verbatim. NVivo version 11 was used to analyze the data through a thematic analysis method. Results The overall contraceptive prevalence rate was 22.2%; with 11.7, 38.6, 25.5 and 8.8% for Afar, Benshangul Gumuz, Gambela and Somali Regions, respectively. Age, religion, education, marital status, family size, ideal children, knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with contraceptive use. Additionally, the qualitative study identified three themes as barriers to contraceptive use: individual, health care system and sociocultural factors. Conclusions Contraceptive prevalence rate was low in this study compared to the national average. Age, religion, education, marital status, family size, ideal children, knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with contraceptive use. From the qualitative aspect, individual, health care system and sociocultural factors were identified as barriers to contraceptive use. Therefore, the emerging regions of Ethiopia need special focus in increasing contraceptive use through behavioral influence/change.