Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 80: streamflow, water chemistry, water table, and weather data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra M. Amatya ◽  
Carl C. Trettin
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Forest Watershed

Patterned fens of western Labrador and adjacent Quebec: phytosociology, water chemistry, landform features, and dynamics of surface patterns

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2402-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Foster ◽  
George A. King ◽  
Mary V. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Northern Peatlands ◽  
Pool Formation

The landforms, vegetation, water chemistry, and stratigraphy of four patterned fens (aapamires) in western Labrador and adjacent Quebec are described in a study investigating the origin and characteristics of surface patterns on northern peatlands. Phytosociological analysis by the relevé approach, in conjunction with analysis by TWINSPAN, is used to describe 11 floristic noda. The vegetational patterns are largely controlled by depth to the water table. Mire landforms discussed in detail include ice-push ridges, flarks and pools, peat ridges, and mire-margin hummocks. Water chemistry is typical of minerotrophic conditions, with pH ranging from 4.4 to 6.7 and calcium concentrations from 20 to 430 μiequiv. L−1. The water chemistry, vegetation, and landforms on the mires are compared with other studies from Labrador and circumboreal regions. Stratigraphic results and field observations support the theory that surface patterns on the mire develop slowly through the interplay of biological and hydrological processes, specifically differential rate of peat accumulation controlled by vegetation type and depth to water table. Pool formation apparently involves four steps: (i) gradual differentiation of shallow flarks on previously undifferentiated mire surface; (ii) expansion and deepening of flarks and development of ridges due to differential peat accumulation; (iii) degradation of flark vegetation into mud bottoms and open-water pools; and (iv) coalescence, continued expansion, and deepening of open-water areas. Hydrological controls over the rate and extent of pool formation are discussed as a probable explanation of the geographical distribution of patterned mires.

Watershed monitoring and modelling and USA regulatory compliance

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Turner ◽  
M.C. Boner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Water Supplies

The aim of the Columbus program was to implement a comprehensive watershed monitoring-network including water chemistry, aquatic biology and alternative sensors to establish water environment health and methods for determining future restoration progress and early warning for protection of drinking water supplies. The program was implemented to comply with USA regulatory requirements including Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) rules of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) rules under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The USEPA Office of Research and Development and the Water Environment Research Foundation provided quality assurance oversight. The results obtained demonstrated that significant wet weather data is necessary to establish relationships between land use, water chemistry, aquatic biology and sensor data. These measurements and relationships formed the basis for calibrating the US EPA BASINS Model, prioritizing watershed health and determination of compliance with water quality standards. Conclusions specify priorities of cost-effective drainage system controls that attenuate stormwater flows and capture flushed pollutants. A network of permanent long-term real-time monitoring using combination of continuous sensor measurements, water column sampling and aquatic biology surveys and a regional organization is prescribed to protect drinking water supplies and measure progress towards water quality targets.

Influence of Water Table Depth on Pore Water Chemistry and Trihalomethane Formation Potential in Peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Gough ◽  
Peter J. Holliman ◽  
Nathalie Fenner ◽  
Mike Peacock ◽  
Christopher Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Pore Water Chemistry ◽  
Influence Of Water

Links between climate change, water-table depth, and water chemistry in a mineralized mountain watershed

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Manning ◽  
Philip L. Verplanck ◽  
Jonathan Saul Caine ◽  
Andrew S. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Mountain Watershed

ASSESSMENT OF WATER TABLE MODEL ON OIL PALM AREA IN A HILLY LAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Iman Yani Harahap ◽  
M. Edwin Syahputra Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Input Model

The aim of this research is to assess performance of developed water table model on oil palm area in a hilly land. The model requires some data of initiatial condition, input model, and physical parameters of the soils and crops. Initial data includes leaf area index, latitude geography position, initial water table, and the deep of impermeable soil layer. Input model includes daily weather data (rainfall, temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed). Soil physic parameters includes bulk volum density at each soil layers, and run-off of the soil surface. The crop parameters includes rainfall interception of crown and stem plants. Daily water table measurement was carried out at 3 points of wells located in one line hilly catena (30 – 70 m above sea level) with slope about of 15% (top, middle, and foot). The area was the 20 years old oil palm planting area, soil type was Typic Hapludult with coarse to fine soil texture, hydraulic conductivity was classified as fast. The water table in this area was located in unconfined aquifer zone. The results showed that outputs of the model were 3 - 4% higher than the actual values observed on the top hill, 7 – 8% lower than the actual values on the middle sloping of the hill, and 7 – 7.5% lower than the actual values on the foot hill. The high rate of run-off at the top might have reduced the water inflow (through infiltration process) to the system, causing output values of the model were higher than the actual values. On the other hand, the water inflow from the top to the lower area might have increased the water inflow to the system, so that the actual values were higher than the output values of the water table model. Adjustments of parameters mainly run-off rate and hydraulic potential gradient on sloping and hilly physiography might increase the accuracy of the model.

Hydrological Responses to Anthropogenic Disturbance in Peatlands: a Numerical Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Menberu ◽  
Anna-Kaisa Ronkanen ◽  
Hannu Marttila ◽  
Ali Torabi Haghighi ◽  
Bjørn Kløve
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Restoration Measures

<p>Peatland ecosystems are complex mosaics and located often in low-lying transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Peatlands in its pristine state play a significant role in regulating the hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological functions and act as long-term storage for carbon. However, up to 20% of the global peatland resources have been disturbed for a variety of human land uses (e.g., forestry and agriculture) and lost their natural functions. In this research, we tested the effectiveness and applicability of a physically-based three-dimensional fully integrated surface-subsurface numerical model (HydroGeosphere, HGS) to study hydrological disturbances in peatlands. The model was specifically implemented to assess the impact of artificial drainage and subsequent restoration on the hydrological responses (runoff and water table) of a previously disturbed, now restored (ditches-blocked) peatland catchment (about 11.4 ha) located in Western Finland. The hydrological data included two years before restoration (drained condition) and one year after restoration (ditches-blocked) collected during frost-free periods. The model domain was discretized with seven vertical finite element layers of 146744 nodes and 255206 elements to represent the ditch networks (drained condition) and blocked ditches (restored condition) in the model realistically. The HGS model was run for the two disturbed conditions (drained and restored) using forcing weather data collected in 2016, 2017 and 2018. In all the years, simulated runoff in drained conditions was significantly higher than simulated at restored conditions. The simulated water table level in restored conditions was significantly closer to the ground surface than in drained conditions, which agreed with the observed water table data. The results indicated that three-dimensional models, such as the HGS can be implemented to evaluate the effect of restoration measures on the hydrological response of peatland catchments. Thus, high-resolution physically-based models have the potential to improve our understanding of the complex hydrology of disturbed habitats spatially. Understating the spatial dependence of peatlands to inputs from groundwater and surrounding upland areas could further help us improve restoration measures.</p>

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