Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy and K-Ar Dating in the Camargo Volcanic Field, Northern Mexico: Lateral SW-NE Migration of Volcanic Activity

ABSTRACTPalaeocene volcanic activity is represented in west-central Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland, by a laterally extensive and thick pile of sub-aerial lavas mainly belonging to the alkali olivine basalt—hawaiite—mugearite—benmoreite—trachyte suite. The lavas are typical of many continental flood basalt suites and were principally fed from fissure eruptions similar to those of present day Iceland. Intercalated with the lavas are rare beds of heterogeneous volcaniclastic material, including breccias, conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones. The sequence forms a major portion of a larger volcanic field preserved within the NNE-SSW-elongated ‘Sea of the Hebrides’ sedimentary basin.Significant hiatuses in the volcanic activity are marked by deep-weathering profiles and thin sedimentary sequences comprising mudstones, ironstones, coals, sandstones and conglomerates. Palaeocurrent indicators and clast lithologies within the clastic sedimentary rocks indicate that erosion of a massif dominated by the Palaeocene Rum Igneous Complex and its roof rocks, c. 20 km to the S, provided abundant detritus to a river system which drained towards the N. Such sedimentary intercalations aid the stratigraphical subdivision of the lava field. Eight lava groups, each most likely with a different focus of fissure eruption, and divisible into mappable formations, together with two sedimentary formations, are recognised.The alkali olivine basalts are typically thin, with a tendency to form compound flows with limited lateral extents, whilst the hawaiites and mugearites are considerably thicker and cover large areas. Only very rarely are flow terminations observed. The original extents of the single benmoreite and rare trachytes cannot be determined from their limited erosional remnants. The more evolved flows tended to occur after brief hiatuses in the volcanic activity, indicated by well-developed lateritic tops to the underlying flows.The youngest preserved lava is a columnar-jointed olivine tholeiite with a MORB-like composition. The flow is at least 120 m thick and apparently ponded in a steep-sided palaeo-valley within the lava field.Three fault trends are recognised: parallel, normal and marginally oblique to the main NW-SEtrending regional dyke swarm, and dissect the lava field into a number of discrete blocks. The more significant of these faults may have been active during the development of the lava field, and in some instances instrumental in controlling the distribution of the flows.Later Tertiary erosion has removed an unknown thickness of material from the upper part of the lava field, the preserved thickness of which is estimated to be about 1·5 km.

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The first results of tephrochronological investigations of the late pleistocene-holocene volcanic explosions in the valley of the Zhom-Bolok River (Eastern Sayan)

Доклады Академии наук ◽

10.31857/s0869-56524863336-340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 486 (3) ◽

pp. 336-340

Author(s):

A. A. Shchetnikov ◽

E. V. Bezrukova ◽

E. V. Kerber ◽

O. Yu. Belozerova ◽

M. I. Kuz'min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lake Sediments ◽

Volcanic Activity ◽

Radiocarbon Dating ◽

Volcanic Field ◽

Second Phase ◽

Volcanic Events ◽

First Results ◽

Age Model ◽

Eastern Sayan ◽

Volcanic Explosions

This article presents first tephrochronological data on the volcanic activity in the valley of the Jom-Bolok River (East Sayan Mountains, Siberia), which is the largest manifestation of the Holocene eruptions in Central Asia. The data results from our study of the proglacial Kaskadnoe-1 Lake situated near the Jom-Bolok basalt field. The lake sediments include a series of tephra-rich layers. Radiocarbon dating of the lake sediments provided a robust age model which allowed us to build timing of eruptions formed the Jom-Bolok volcanic field. We recognize two large phases of volcanism separated by almost 5 thousand years dormant phase. The first phase is traced back to ca. 14.3 cal ka BP and lasted until 6.3 cal ka BP. Ten clusters of microtephra layers in the sediments of the first phase show 300-800 years recurrence of the volcanic events weakening upward. The event of 14.3-13.3 cal ka BP probably represents the strongest eruptions of the Jom-Bolok. The second phase started ca. 1.6 cal ka BP and highly likely continues in our days. Its strongest eruptions occurred between 1.6 and 0.8 cal ka BP with periodicity of 200 years. This tephrostratigraphy shows a multiplicity of the Jom-Bolok volcanic events and amplifies the earlier built scheme resulted from investigations of the stratified basalts, pyroclasts and lake damming events.

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Spatio-temporal evolution of the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field, Aegean Sea

Geology ◽

10.1130/g49167.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Preine ◽

J. Karstens ◽

C. Hübscher ◽

P. Nomikou ◽

F. Schmid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Aegean Sea ◽

Active Volcano ◽

Volcanic Field ◽

Rift System ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Marine Seismic ◽

Seismic Reflection Profiles ◽

The 19Th Century

The Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field (CSKVF) in the Aegean Sea is one of the most active volcano-tectonic lineaments in Europe. Santorini has been an iconic site in volcanology and archaeology since the 19th century, and the onshore volcanic products of Santorini are one of the best-studied volcanic sequences worldwide. However, little is known about the chronology of volcanic activity of the adjacent submarine Kolumbo volcano, and even less is known about the Christiana volcanic island. In this study, we exploit a dense array of high-resolution marine seismic reflection profiles to link the marine stratigraphy to onshore volcanic sequences and present the first consistent chronological framework for the CSKVF, enabling a detailed reconstruction of the evolution of the volcanic rift system in time and space. We identify four main phases of volcanic activity, which initiated in the Pliocene with the formation of the Christiana volcano (phase 1). The formation of the current southwest-northeast–trending rift system (phase 2) was associated with the evolution of two distinct volcanic centers, the newly discovered Poseidon center and the early Kolumbo volcano. Phase 3 saw a period of widespread volcanic activity throughout the entire rift. The ongoing phase 4 is confined to the Santorini caldera and Kolumbo volcano. Our study highlights the fundamental tectonic control on magma emplacement and shows that the CSKVF evolved from a volcanic field with local centers that matured only recently to form the vast Santorini edifice.

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The Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of Tabas Black Land volcanic field: implications for volcanic activity along the Nayband fault, East Iran

Volcanica ◽

10.30909/vol.02.02.105127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 105-127

Author(s):

Esmail Elahpour ◽

François Nauret ◽

Etienne Medard ◽

Mhammed Benbakkar ◽

Gabrielle Quéinnec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Volcanic Field ◽

Black Land

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Bracketing ages for the formation of the Ring Creek lava flow, Mount Garibaldi volcanic field, southwestern British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e92-190 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 2425-2428 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gregory R. Brooks ◽

Pierre A. Friele

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Lava Flow ◽

Volcanic Activity ◽

Volcanic Field ◽

Alluvial Fan ◽

Volcanic Feature ◽

River Confluence ◽

Southern Section

The Ring Creek lava flow, extending from Opal Cone, generally is considered to be the youngest volcanic feature in the southern section of the Mount Garibaldi volcanic field, southwestern British Columbia. An in situ stump dated 10 650 ± 70 BP (Beta 43865) obtained from a raised delta partially overridden by the lava flow indicates that the lava was extruded after ca. 10.7 ka. At the Skookum Creek and Mamquam River confluence, sediments eroded from the Ring Creek lava flow form an alluvial fan that contains charcoal dated 9360 ± 160 BP (Beta 38914), which indicates that the extrusion probably occurred before ca. 9.3 ka. Thus these radiocarbon ages bracket the age of the Ring Creek lava flow and indicate that volcanic activity in the southern section of the Mount Garibaldi volcanic field has been dormant since at least ca. 9.3 ka.

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Volcanic architecture, eruption mechanism and landform evolution of a Plio/Pleistocene intracontinental basaltic polycyclic monogenetic volcano from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, Hungary

Open Geosciences ◽

10.2478/v10085-010-0019-2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gábor Kereszturi ◽

Gábor Csillag ◽

Károly Németh ◽

Krisztina Sebe ◽

Kadosa Balogh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Pannonian Basin ◽

Scoria Cone ◽

Volcanic Field ◽

Volcanic Complex ◽

Monogenetic Volcano ◽

Eruption Centre ◽

Volcanic Facies ◽

Eruption Volume ◽

Core Descriptions

AbstractBondoró Volcanic Complex (shortly Bondoró) is one of the most complex eruption centre of Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, which made up from basaltic pyroclastics sequences, a capping confined lava field (~4 km2) and an additional scoria cone. Here we document and describe the main evolutional phases of the Bondoró on the basis of facies analysis, drill core descriptions and geomorphic studies and provide a general model for this complex monogenetic volcano. Based on the distinguished 13 individual volcanic facies, we infer that the eruption history of Bondoró contained several stages including initial phreatomagmatic eruptions, Strombolian-type scoria cones forming as well as effusive phases. The existing and newly obtained K-Ar radiometric data have confirmed that the entire formation of the Bondoró volcano finished at about 2.3 Ma ago, and the time of its onset cannot be older than 3.8 Ma. Still K-Ar ages on neighbouring formations (e.g. Kab-hegy, Agár-teto) do not exclude a long-lasting eruptive period with multiple eruptions and potential rejuvenation of volcanic activity in the same place indicating stable melt production beneath this location. The prolonged volcanic activity and the complex volcanic facies architecture of Bondoró suggest that this volcano is a polycyclic volcano, composed of at least two monogenetic volcanoes formed more or less in the same place, each erupted through distinct, but short lived eruption episodes. The total estimated eruption volume, the volcanic facies characteristics and geomorphology also suggests that Bondoró is rather a small-volume polycyclic basaltic volcano than a polygenetic one and can be interpreted as a nested monogenetic volcanic complex with multiple eruption episodes. It seems that Bondoró is rather a “rule” than an “exception” in regard of its polycyclic nature not only among the volcanoes of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field but also in the Neogene basaltic volcanoes of the Pannonian Basin.

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The volcanic history of the southwestern part of the city of Naples

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800012863 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 131 (6) ◽

pp. 785-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paul D. Cole ◽

Annamaria Perrotta ◽

Claudio Scarpati

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Small Volume ◽

Explosive Eruption ◽

Volcanic Field ◽

Campi Flegrei ◽

Explosive Activity ◽

Southwestern Part ◽

Neapolitan Yellow Tuff ◽

History Of ◽

The City

AbstractThe southwestern part of Naples was the site of small volume volcanic activity prior to 12000 y B.P. Lava domes and possibly a lava flow were erupted during the earliest period. Explosive activity followed and produced pyroclastic sequences that are the proximal deposits of tuff cones within the city and at its southwestern extreme. The explosive activity was complex but predominantly phreatomagmatic. As the volcanic activity more than 12000 y B.P. in western Campi Flegrei shows a similar evolution from effusive to explosive, it is suggested that a large volcanic field ‘Paleoflegrei’, encompassing the western part of the city of Naples, existed prior to emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff. The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption about 12000 y B.P., from a vent in Campi Flegrei, produced widespread deposits up to 150 m thick that blanketed the area of the city of Naples, although the present day topography is strongly influenced by the pre-Neapolitan Yellow Tuff centres. Following the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff a small explosive eruption occurred in the bay of Chiaia, immediately south of the city, and results in the possibility of future eruptions within the city of Naples, outside the confines of Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius.

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