Volcanic architecture, eruption mechanism and landform evolution of a Plio/Pleistocene intracontinental basaltic polycyclic monogenetic volcano from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, Hungary

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Kereszturi ◽  
Gábor Csillag ◽  
Károly Németh ◽  
Krisztina Sebe ◽  
Kadosa Balogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Monogenetic Volcano ◽  
Eruption Centre ◽  
Volcanic Facies ◽  
Eruption Volume ◽  
Core Descriptions

AbstractBondoró Volcanic Complex (shortly Bondoró) is one of the most complex eruption centre of Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, which made up from basaltic pyroclastics sequences, a capping confined lava field (~4 km2) and an additional scoria cone. Here we document and describe the main evolutional phases of the Bondoró on the basis of facies analysis, drill core descriptions and geomorphic studies and provide a general model for this complex monogenetic volcano. Based on the distinguished 13 individual volcanic facies, we infer that the eruption history of Bondoró contained several stages including initial phreatomagmatic eruptions, Strombolian-type scoria cones forming as well as effusive phases. The existing and newly obtained K-Ar radiometric data have confirmed that the entire formation of the Bondoró volcano finished at about 2.3 Ma ago, and the time of its onset cannot be older than 3.8 Ma. Still K-Ar ages on neighbouring formations (e.g. Kab-hegy, Agár-teto) do not exclude a long-lasting eruptive period with multiple eruptions and potential rejuvenation of volcanic activity in the same place indicating stable melt production beneath this location. The prolonged volcanic activity and the complex volcanic facies architecture of Bondoró suggest that this volcano is a polycyclic volcano, composed of at least two monogenetic volcanoes formed more or less in the same place, each erupted through distinct, but short lived eruption episodes. The total estimated eruption volume, the volcanic facies characteristics and geomorphology also suggests that Bondoró is rather a small-volume polycyclic basaltic volcano than a polygenetic one and can be interpreted as a nested monogenetic volcanic complex with multiple eruption episodes. It seems that Bondoró is rather a “rule” than an “exception” in regard of its polycyclic nature not only among the volcanoes of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field but also in the Neogene basaltic volcanoes of the Pannonian Basin.

scholarly journals Shallow-seated controls on the evolution of the Upper Pliocene Kopasz-hegy nested monogenetic volcanic chain in the Western Pannonian Basin (Hungary)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Kereszturi ◽  
Károly Németh
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Volcanic Chain ◽  
Groundwater Supply

Shallow-seated controls on the evolution of the Upper Pliocene Kopasz-hegy nested monogenetic volcanic chain in the Western Pannonian Basin (Hungary)Monogenetic, nested volcanic complexes (e.g. Tihany) are common landforms in the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF, Hungary), which was active during the Late Miocene up to the Early Pleistocene. These types of monogenetic volcanoes are usually evolved in a slightly different way than their "simple" counterparts. The Kopasz-hegy Volcanic Complex (KVC) is inferred to be a vent complex, which evolved in a relatively complex way as compared to a classical "sensu stricto" monogenetic volcano. The KVC is located in the central part of the BBHVF and is one of the youngest (2.8-2.5 Ma) volcanic erosion remnants of the field. In this study, we carried out volcanic facies analysis of the eruptive products of the KVC in order to determine the possible role of changing magma fragmentation styles and/or vent migration responsible for the formation of this volcano. The evolution of the KVC started with interaction of water-saturated Late Miocene (Pannonian) mud, sand, sandstone with rising basaltic magma triggering phreatomagmatic explosive maar-diatreme forming eruptions. These explosive eruptions in the northern part of the volcanic complex took place in a N-S aligned paleovalley. As groundwater supply was depleted during volcanic activity the eruption style became dominated by more magmatic explosive-fragmentation leading to the formation of a mostly spatter-dominated scoria cone that is capping the basal maar-diatreme deposits. Subsequent vent migration along a few hundred meters long fissure still within the paleovalley caused the opening of the younger phreatomagmatic southern vent adjacent to the already established northern maar. This paper describes how change in eruption styles together with lateral migration of the volcanism forms an amalgamated vent complex.

Loss of 40Ar(rad) from leucite-bearing basanite at low temperature: implications on K/Ar dating.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadosa Balogh ◽  
Károly Németh ◽  
Tetsumaru Itaya ◽  
Ferenc Molnár ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Dissolution Studies ◽  
Temperature Loss ◽  
Arrhenius Diagram ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
K Concentration

AbstractThe Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF) is located in the central part of Transdanubia, Pannonian Basin, with over 50 alkali basaltic volcanoes. The basanite plug of Hegyestu erupted in the first phase of volcanic activity. K/Ar and Ar/Ar ages were published for the BBHVF. K/Ar and Ar/Ar ages of the leucite-bearing basanite of Hegyestás were conflicting. This is caused by the special Ar retention feature of leucite in this basanite.K/Ar ages measured in the usual way were 25–45% younger, but after HCl treatment of the rock, or after reducing the baking temperature of the argon extraction line from 250°C to 150°C, they became similar to theAr/Ar ages. All Ar/Ar determinations were performed after HF treatment. HCl treatment dissolved olivine, nepheline, leucite, magnetite and from 1-1 sample analcime or calcite. K dissolution studies from different locations of Hegyestü have shown that K content is mostly ≈2%, but it may decrease to ≈0.3%. HCl treatment dissolved 28.0–63.5% of the K content. The calculated K concentration for the dissolved part of samples with ~2%K was 4.02-6.42%: showing that leucite is responsible for the low temperature loss of 40Ar(rad). Ar may release at low temperature from very finegrained mineral, or when the Ar release mechanism changes. A 40Ar(rad) degassing spectrum has been recorded in the 55–295°C range of baking temperature and the data were plotted in the Arrhenius diagram. The diagram shows that a change of the structure in the 145–295°C range caused the loss of 40Ar(rad). On fractions of HCl treated rock 7.56±0.17 Ma isochron K/Ar age has been determined. This is regarded as minimum age of eruption and it is similar to the Ar/Ar isochron age (7.78±0.07 Ma).

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Moufti ◽  
Károly Németh ◽  
Nabil El-Masry ◽  
Atef Qaddah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Lava Flow ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Flow Surface ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
A Site ◽  
Tephra Ring

AbstractAl Wahbah Crater is one of the largest and deepest Quaternary maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula. It is NW-SE-elongated, ∼2.3 km wide, ∼250 m deep and surrounded by an irregular near-perpendicular crater wall cut deeply into the Proterozoic diorite basement. Very few scientific studies have been conducted on this unique site, especially in respect to understanding the associated volcanic eruption processes. Al Wahbah and adjacent large explosion craters are currently a research subject in an international project, Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia (VORiSA). The focus of VORiSA is to characterise the volcanic hazards and eruption mechanisms of the vast volcanic fields in Western Saudi Arabia, while also defining the unique volcanic features of this region for use in future geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism projects. Al Wahbah is inferred to be a maar crater that formed due to an explosive interaction of magma and water. The crater is surrounded by a tephra ring that consists predominantly of base surge deposits accumulated over a pre-maar scoria cone and underlying multiple lava flow units. The tephra ring acted as an obstacle against younger lava flows that were diverted along the margin of the tephra ring creating unique lava flow surface textures that recorded inflation and deflation processes along the margin of the post-maar lava flow. Al Wahbah is a unique geological feature that is not only a dramatic landform but also a site that can promote our understanding of complex phreatomagmatic monogenetic volcanism. The complex geological features perfectly preserved at Al Wahbah makes this site as an excellent geotope and a potential centre of geoeducation programs that could lead to the establishment of a geopark in the broader area at the Kishb Volcanic Field.

Isotopic and geochemical investigation of a carbonatite-syenite-phonolite diatreme, West Eifel (Germany)

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Riley ◽  
D. K. Bailey ◽  
R. E. Harmer ◽  
H. Liebsch ◽  
F. E. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Alkaline Rock ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Mantle Xenoliths ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Depleted Mantle ◽  
West Eifel

AbstractThe Rockeskyll complex in the north, central part of the Quaternary West Eifel volcanic field encapsulates an association of carbonatite, nephelinite and phonolite. The volcanic complex is dominated by three eruptive centres, which are distinct in their magma chemistry and their mode of emplacement. The Auf Dickel diatreme forms one centre and has erupted the only known carbonatite in the West Eifel, along with a broad range of alkaline rock types. Extrusive carbonatitic volcanism is represented by spheroidal autoliths, which preserve an equilibrium assemblage. The diatreme has also erupted xenoliths of calcite-bearing feldspathoidal syenite, phonolite and sanidine and clinopyroxene megacrysts, which are interpreted as fragments of a sub-volcanic complex. The carbonate phase of volcanism has several manifestations; extrusive lapilli, recrystallized ashes and calcite-bearing syenites, fragmented during diatreme emplacement.A petrogenetic link between carbonatites and alkali mafic magmas is confirmed from Sr and Nd isotope systematics, and an upper mantle origin for the felsic rocks is suggested. The chemistry and mineralogy of mantle xenoliths erupted throughout the West Eifel indicate enrichment in those elements incompatible in the mantle. In addition, the evidence from trace element signatures and melts trapped as glasses support interaction between depleted mantle and small volume carbonate and felsic melts. This close association between carbonate and felsic melts in the mantle is mirrored in the surface eruptives of Auf Dickel and at numerous alkaline-carbonatite provinces worldwide.

Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy and K-Ar Dating in the Camargo Volcanic Field, Northern Mexico: Lateral SW-NE Migration of Volcanic Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Royo-Ochoa ◽  
L. M. Alva-Valdivia ◽  
J. Urrutia Fucugauchi ◽  
R. Chavez-Aguirre ◽  
A. Goguitchaichvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Magnetic Polarity ◽  
Northern Mexico

Major eruption-induced changes to the McDonald Islands, southern Indian Ocean

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON STEPHENSON ◽  
G.M. BUDD ◽  
J. MANNING ◽  
P. HANSBRO
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Heard Island ◽  
Eudyptes Chrysolophus ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Major Eruption ◽  
Eruptive Behaviour

The McDonald Islands (53°S, 73°E) originally comprised three small islands that lie on the Kerguelen Plateau, 44 km west of Heard Island. No volcanic activity was observed since their discovery in 1874 until 1997, when two passing ships recorded major changes and eruptive behaviour. A 2001 satellite image showed that the main island had doubled its area. This paper reports observations made from a cruise ship in November 2002, supplemented by a high-resolution satellite image acquired in March 2003. A new volcanic complex comprises lava domes, spines and flows, all assumed to be phonolitic, similar to the older volcanic rocks. The complex shows dormant volcanic activity, with numerous fumaroles, recent spine evolution and lava flows. Changes in relative sea level have connected Flat and McDonald Islands. A spit about 1km long with extensive shoals beyond, now extends eastward from McDonald Island and presents new hazards to shipping. Biological changes include colonization by king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonica), previously absent, and a large reduction in numbers of formerly widespread macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus chrysolophus).

scholarly journals Las Cabras volcano, Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, México: Topographic, climatic, and shallow magmatic controls on scoria cone eruptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud ◽  
Athziri Hernández-Jiménez ◽  
Claus Siebe ◽  
Sergio Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Continental Arcs ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Eruptive Style ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoria Cones

Scoria cones are abundant in most volcanic fields on Earth, such as the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, in the central-western sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. However, there are few in-depth studies on their eruptive style and controlling factors, despite of their diversity in shape and composition which implies a wide range of hazards. Here, we present results of morphologic, stratigraphic, sedimentary, petrographic, and geochemical studies of the prominent Las Cabras scoria cone located west of the Zacapu lacustrine basin in the center of the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field. This basaltic andesitic to andesitic volcano formed between 27 and 26 kyrs BP on the steep slopes (>10º) of the lava shield of El Tule volcano. Over time, its dominant eruptive style changed from Strombolian to effusive. Initial explosive activity built a 170-m-high scoria cone and deposited thick tephra fallout on the surrounding sloping terrain. Structures in the deposits indicate that early friable fine-grained tephra underwent significant erosion due to syn-eruptive heavy rain coupled with the sloping nature of the underlying ground. This erosion generated lahars that very likely reached the Zacapu lake based on the pre-eruptive topography. As the explosivity dropped, lava was emitted from the base of the cone first to the S and SE, forming a thick, viscous lobe that filled a pre-existing E-W valley. The flow direction then deviated to the N and NE, to form thinner, less-viscous lobes fed from the vent by an open-channel. The lavas are covered by hummocks made of agglutinates and bombs that indicate that the eruption terminated by catastrophic collapse of the SE sector of the cone, possibly triggered by the intrusion of magma within the cone, which destabilized its downslope segment. The sudden flank failure was potentially associated with a late effusive event and the hummocks may have been carried away by the lava surge. Whole-rock chemical variations and crystal disequilibrium textures point toward a complex magma feeding system, involving mixing and mingling between different magma batches. This study shows that the formation of scoria cones on a terrain with a marked slope (>10°) has profound impacts on the eruption dynamics and related hazards due to its effect on cone stability and ash erosion. It also evidences the erosive effect of syn-eruptive rain on fine-grained tephra, especially when deposited on a slope. Finally, it reveals the complex magmatic processes that may occur in the shallow plumbing system of monogenetic andesitic volcanoes, which could be particularly important in inland areas of continental arcs.

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