scholarly journals Effect of Tannin Content in Horse Bean on Rumen Fermentation in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zawadzki ◽  
Albert Czerski ◽  
Edyta Wincewicz ◽  
Jan Gnus ◽  
Agnieszka Balcerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Ph Decrease

The objective of the experiments was to demonstrate the influence of low- and high-tannin horse bean on the selected fermentation indicators. The sheep rumen content with the addition of 1, 2 and 5 g of high- and low-tannin horse bean was incubated in vessels of 250 ml volume. A significant increase of ammonia, lactic acid, CO2 and methane as well as pH decrease in samples with addition of horse bean seed was demonstrated. While comparing high- and low-tannin horse bean varieties, it was observed that in the case of small doses of 1 and 2 g a higher intensity of fermentation takes place in the samples with the addition of high-tannin horse bean. In the case of larger doses of 5 g per sample, a higher intensity of fermentation takes place in the samples with the addition of low-tannin horse-bean. A probable reason for the decrease in the fermentation process intensity in the samples with the addition of 5 g of high-tannin horse bean is a high content of tannins, which reduce fermentation processes.

scholarly journals A Combined Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics Approach to Unravel Costa Rican Cocoa Box Fermentation Processes Reveals Yet Unreported Microbial Species and Functionalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Verce ◽  
Jorn Schoonejans ◽  
Carlos Hernandez Aguirre ◽  
Ramón Molina-Bravo ◽  
Luc De Vuyst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Pectin Degradation ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Acetobacter Pasteurianus ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Cocoa Fermentation

Cocoa fermentation is the first step in the post-harvest processing chain of cocoa and is important for the removal of the cocoa pulp surrounding the beans and the development of flavor and color precursors. In the present study, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing were applied to Costa Rican cocoa fermentation processes to unravel the microbial diversity and assess the function and transcription of their genes, thereby increasing the knowledge of this spontaneous fermentation process. Among 97 genera found in these fermentation processes, the major ones were Acetobacter, Komagataeibacter, Limosilactobacillus, Liquorilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Leuconostoc, Paucilactobacillus, Hanseniaspora, and Saccharomyces. The most prominent species were Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Liquorilactobacillus cacaonum, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum among the LAB, Acetobacter pasteurianus and Acetobacter ghanensis among the AAB, and Hanseniaspora opuntiae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae among the yeasts. Consumption of glucose, fructose, and citric acid, and the production of ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and mannitol were linked to the major species through metagenomic binning and the application of metatranscriptomic sequencing. By using this approach, it was also found that Lacp. plantarum consumed mannitol and oxidized lactic acid, that A. pasteurianus degraded oxalate, and that species such as Cellvibrio sp., Pectobacterium spp., and Paucilactobacillus vaccinostercus could contribute to pectin degradation. The data generated and results presented in this study could enhance the ability to select and develop appropriate starter cultures to steer the cocoa fermentation process toward a desired course.

scholarly journals In Vitro Kinetic Analysis of Oligofructose Consumption by Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp. Indicates Different Degradation Mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Van der Meulen ◽  
Lefteris Makras ◽  
Kristof Verbrugghe ◽  
Tom Adriany ◽  
Luc De Vuyst
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sole Energy

ABSTRACT The growth of pure cultures of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron LMG 11262 and Bacteroides fragilis LMG 10263 on fructose and oligofructose was examined and compared to that of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 through in vitro laboratory fermentations. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was used to determine the different fractions of oligofructose and their degradation during the fermentation process. Both B. thetaiotaomicron LMG 11262 and B. fragilis LMG 10263 were able to grow on oligofructose as fast as on fructose, succinic acid being the major metabolite produced by both strains. B. longum BB536 grew slower on oligofructose than on fructose. Acetic acid and lactic acid were the main metabolites produced when fructose was used as the sole energy source. Increased amounts of formic acid and ethanol were produced when oligofructose was used as an energy source at the cost of lactic acid. Detailed kinetic analysis revealed a preferential metabolism of the short oligofructose fractions (e.g., F2 and F3) for B. longum BB536. After depletion of the short fractions, the larger oligofructose fractions (e.g., F4, GF4, F5, GF5, and F6) were metabolized, too. Both Bacteroides strains did not display such a preferential metabolism and degraded all oligofructose fractions simultaneously, transiently increasing the fructose concentration in the medium. This suggests a different mechanism for oligofructose breakdown between the strain of Bifidobacterium and both strains of Bacteroides, which helps to explain the bifidogenic nature of inulin-type fructans.

The effects of biological additives on the fermentation process and fibre composition of farm-scale grass silages

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
František Lád ◽  
Václav Kubát ◽  
Jaromír Kadlec ◽  
Bohuslav Čermák ◽  
Milan Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fibre Composition ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Additive Control

The effects of biological additives on the fermentation process and fibre composition of farm-scale grass silagesThe effects of bacterial and enzymatic additives on the course of fermentation process and on changes in the fibre composition of grass silages were investigated under farm-scale conditions over three years. Fourteen silages were prepared from die back grass stands in each of three variants, with no additive (control), with inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and with LAB combined with cellulase and hemicellulase. The content of lactic acid was significantly (P<0.05) elevated, while the degree of proteolysis decreased (P<0.01) in both variants with the additives. The changes in the fermentation processes resulted in pH values about 4.8 and 4.3 in the control and the variants with additives, respectively. The qualitative parameters of fermentation were very similar for both the groups of additives.

Is ischemia-induced pH decrease of dog myocardium respiratory or metabolic acidosis?

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. H652-H657 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ichihara ◽  
N. Haga ◽  
Y. Abiko
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
Hasselbalch Equation

Ischemia causes myocardial acidosis and elevation of myocardial CO2 tension (PCO2). We performed the present study to examine whether accumulation of hydrogen ion is a cause or result of accumulation of CO2. The myocardial pH and PCO2 were measured simultaneously in the dog heart, and the concentration of HCO-3 [( HCO-3]) was calculated according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Ischemia was induced by either partial or complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). After LAD occlusion, the myocardial pH decreased with a marked decrease in [HCO-3], indicating that metabolic acidosis occurred. We ascertained in experiments with blood sample in vitro that an addition of lactic acid into blood decreased both [HCO-3] and pH (metabolic acidosis), whereas an addition of CO2 gas into blood increased [HCO-3] and decreased pH (respiratory acidosis). These findings suggest that ischemic acidosis is not respiratory in nature, but metabolic. The myocardial pH decrease due to ischemia, however, cannot be explained by the tissue lactate accumulation alone, because the decrease of [HCO-3] is far greater than the increase of lactic acid during ischemia.

In vitro antioxidant activity and tannin content of Echium italicum L.

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Niciforovic ◽  
S Solujic ◽  
V Mihailovic ◽  
D Pavlovic-Muratspahic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

In vitro adhesion of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria to Caco-2P and IEC-18 cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Szekér ◽  
J. Beczner ◽  
A. Halász ◽  
Á. Mayer ◽  
J.M. Rezessy-Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Adhesion

scholarly journals Protective effect of titanium tetrafluoride and silver diamine fluoride on radiation-induced dentin caries in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Martines de Souza ◽  
Mayara Souza Silva ◽  
Aline Silva Braga ◽  
Patrícia Sanches Kerges Bueno ◽  
Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Titanium Tetrafluoride ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractThis in vitro study evaluated the protective effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution on the radiation-induced dentin caries. Bovine root dentin samples were irradiated (70 Gy) and treated as follows: (6 h): 4% TiF4 varnish; 5.42% NaF varnish; 30% SDF solution; placebo varnish; or untreated (negative control). Microcosm biofilm was produced from human dental biofilm (from patients with head-neck cancer) mixed with McBain saliva for the first 8 h. After 16 h and from day 2 to day 5, McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) was replaced daily (37 °C, 5% CO2) (biological triplicate). Demineralization was quantified by transverse microradiography (TMR), while biofilm was analyzed by using viability, colony-forming units (CFU) counting and lactic acid production assays. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). TiF4 and SDF were able to reduce mineral loss compared to placebo and the negative control. TiF4 and SDF significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared to negative control. TiF4 significantly reduced the CFU count of total microorganism, while only SDF affected total streptococci and mutans streptococci counts. The varnishes induced a reduction in lactic acid production compared to the negative control. TiF4 and SDF may be good alternatives to control the development of radiation-induced dentin caries.

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