scholarly journals The localization of primary efferent sympathetic neurons innervating the porcine thymus – a retrograde tracing study

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Paweł Kulik ◽  
Anna Zacharko-Siembida ◽  
Marcin B. Arciszewski
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Fast Blue ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cranial Cervical Ganglion ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right

The autonomic nervous system is a sophisticated and independent structure composed of two antagonistic (opposing) divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) that control many vital functions including: homeostasis maintenance, heart rate, blood circulation, secretion, etc. Thymus is one of the most important primary lymphoid organs playing a role in the developing of a juvenile’s immune system mainly by maturation, development, and migration of T-cells (T lymphocytes). In the last decades, several studies identifying sources of the thymic autonomic supply have been undertaken in humans and several laboratory rodents but not in higher mammals such as the pig. Therefore, in the present work, retrograde tracing technique of Fast Blue and DiI was used to investigate the sources of sympathetic efferent supply to the porcine thymus. After Fast Blue injection into the right lobe of the thymus, the presence of Fast Blue-positive neurons was found in the unilateral cranial cervical ganglion (82.8 ± 3.0% of total Fast Blue-positive neurons) as well as in the middle cervical ganglion (17.2 ± 3.0%). Injection of DiI resulted in the presence of retrograde tracer in neurons of the cranial cervical ganglion (80.4 ± 2.3% of total amount of DiI-labelled neurons), the middle cervical ganglion (18.4 ± 1.9%), and the cervicothoracic ganglion (1.2 ± 0.8%). The present report provides the first data describing in details the localization of primary efferent sympathetic neurons innervating the porcine thymus.

scholarly journals Morphology of sympathetic chain in Saguinus niger

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
MARINA P.E. PINTO ◽  
ÉRIKA BRANCO ◽  
EMERSON T. FIORETTO ◽  
LUIZA C. PEREIRA ◽  
ANA R. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Sympathetic Chain ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Mesenteric Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cranial Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dorsal Position

Saguinus niger popularly known as Sauim, is a Brazilian North primate. Sympathetic chain investigation would support traumatic and/or cancer diagnosis which are little described in wild animals. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and distribution of sympathetic chain in order to supply knowledge for neurocomparative research. Three female young animals that came death by natural causes were investigated. Animals were fixed in formaldehyde 10% and dissected along the sympathetic chain in neck, thorax and abdomen. Cranial cervical ganglion was located at the level of carotid bifurcation, related to carotid internal artery. In neck basis the vagosympathetic trunk divides into the sympathetic trunk and the parasympathetic vagal nerve. Sympathetic trunk ran in dorsal position and originated the stellate ganglia, formed by the fusion of caudal cervical and first thoracic ganglia. Vagal trunk laid ventrally to heart and formed the cardiac plexus. In abdomen, on the right side, were found the celiac ganglion and cranial mesenteric ganglion; in the left side these ganglia were fusioned into the celiac-mesenteric ganglion displaced closely to the celiac artery. In both sides, the caudal mesenteric ganglion was located near to the caudal mesenteric artery.

AI and Migration Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 768-787
Author(s):  
Petra Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on how technologies used in the management of migration—such as automated decision-making in immigration and refugee applications and artificial intelligence (AI) lie detectors—impinge on human rights with little international regulation, arguing that this lack of regulation is deliberate, as states single out the migrant population as a viable testing ground for new technologies. Making migrants more trackable and intelligible justifies the use of more technology and data collection under the guide of national security, or even under tropes of humanitarianism and development. Technology is not inherently democratic, and human rights impacts are particularly important to consider in humanitarian and forced migration contexts. An international human rights law framework is particularly useful for codifying and recognizing potential harms, because technology and its development are inherently global and transnational. Ultimately, more oversight and issue specific accountability mechanisms are needed to safeguard fundamental rights of migrants, such as freedom from discrimination, privacy rights, and procedural justice safeguards, such as the right to a fair decision maker and the rights of appeal.

TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4 in Rat Orofacial Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Fujita ◽  
Tadasu Sato ◽  
Takehiro Yajima ◽  
Eiji Masaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

TRPC (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C) members are nonselective monovalent cation channels and control Ca2+ inflow. In this study, immunohistochemistry for TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4 was performed on rat oral and craniofacial structures to elucidate their distribution and function in the peripheries. In the trigeminal ganglion (TG), 56.1, 84.1, and 68.3% of sensory neurons were immunoreactive (IR) for TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4, respectively. A double immunofluorescence method revealed that small to medium-sized TG neurons co-expressed TRPCs and calcitonin gene-related peptide. In the superior cervical ganglion, all sympathetic neurons showed TRPC1 and TRPC3 immunoreactivity. Parasympathetic neurons in the submandibular ganglion, tongue, and parotid gland were TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4 IR. Gustatory and olfactory cells were also IR for TRPC1, TRPC3, and/or TRPC4. In the musculature, motor endplates expressed TRPC1 and TRPC4 immunoreactivity. It is likely that TRPCs are associated with sensory, autonomic, and motor functions in oral and craniofacial structures.

Plasticity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion after axotomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Klimaschewski ◽  
Thang D. Tran ◽  
Rainer Nobiling ◽  
Christine Heym
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Cervical Ganglion

lncRNA SNHG14 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid tumour cells by regulating miR-93-5p

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fang Tian ◽  
Huimin Ying ◽  
Shuaiju Liao ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Quansheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Thyroid Tumour ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
And Migration

Summary Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert vital functions in the occurrence and development of various tumours. The aim of this study was to examine the regulatory effect and underlying molecular mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) on the proliferation, invasion and migration of thyroid tumour cells. The expression of SNHG14 in thyroid tumour cell lines was determined using qRT-PCR. CCK-8 and western blot were used to detect the effects of SNHG14 on proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid tumour cells. The effect of SNHG14 on the migration and invasion of thyroid tumour cells was analyzed using immunofluorescence, wound-healing and transwell assays. A targeting relationship between SNHG14 and miR-93-5p was determined using bioinformatics software and luciferase reporter assays. In addition, CCK-8, immunofluorescence, wound-healing and transwell assays were applied to demonstrate that SNHG14 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of thyroid tumour cells by targeting miR-93-5p. The biological function of SNHG14 in vivo was explored through a xenograft model and immunohistochemistry. SNHG14 was upregulated in thyroid tumour cells compared with normal cells. Downregulation of SNHG14 effectively reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, SNHG14 directly targeted miR-93-5p and there was a negative correlation between them. Further functional experiments illustrated that miR-93-5p overexpression dramatically reversed the promoting role of SNHG14 in proliferation, migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells. Our results demonstrated that SNHG14 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of thyroid tumour cells by downregulating miR-93-5p.

Isolated anesthesia ganglion stellatum

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
К. Leriche ◽  
К. Fontain
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Ganglion Stellatum ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Right

Injection of 10 сс 1% Novocain in the right cervical ganglion stellatum gives excellent therapeutic effects in cases of angina pectoris, bronchial asthma and various algias in the upper limbs.

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons express endothelin

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. R873-R878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah H. Damon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Endothelin (ET) is a peptide originally identified as an endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor. It is now recognized that ET is produced by and acts on many other tissues including the brain and spinal cord, where it is believed to modulate neurotransmission. The present studies demonstrate that ET is synthesized by and secreted from postganglionic sympathetic neurons. With the use of Northern analysis, ET-1 mRNA was detected in cultures of sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons isolated from 3- to 5-day old rat pups. ET-1 and ET-3 peptides were also detected in cultured SCG neurons using immunohistochemistry. ET-1 (50 pg/106 cells) and ET-3 (173 pg/106 cells) were detected by radioimmunoassay of media conditioned by cultured SCG. ET-1 (77 pg/mg protein) and ET-3 (30 pg/mg protein) were also detected by radioimmunoassay of extracts of adult SCG.

scholarly journals Stent Frame Movement Following Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing in the Abdominal Aorta

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Yafawi ◽  
Richard G. McWilliams ◽  
Robert K. Fisher ◽  
Andrew England ◽  
Maria Karouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Landing Zone ◽  
Aneurysm Growth ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Instructions For Use

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and extent of stent frame movement after endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS) in the abdominal aorta and its relationships to aneurysm growth and the instructions for use (IFU) of the Nellix endograft. Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted to review the clinical data and computed tomography (CT) images of 75 patients (mean age 76±7.6 years; 57 men) who underwent infrarenal EVAS and had a minimum 1-year follow-up. The first postoperative CT scan at 1 month and the subsequent scans were used to measure the distances between the proximal end of the stent frames and a reference visceral vessel using a previously validated technique. Device migration was based on the Society of Vascular Surgery definition of >10-mm downward movement of either Nellix stent frame in the proximal landing zone; a more conservative proximal displacement measure (downward movement ⩾4 mm) was also recorded. Patients were categorized according to adherence to the old (2013) or new (2016) Nellix IFU. Aneurysm diameter was measured for each scan; a change ⩾5 mm was deemed indicative of aneurysm growth. Results: Over a median follow-up of 24 months (range 12–48), proximal displacement ⩾4 mm occurred in 42 (56%) patients and migration >10 mm in 16 (21%), with similar incidences in the right and left stent frames. Proximal displacement was significantly more frequent among patients whose anatomy did not conform to any IFU (p=0.025). Presence of aneurysm growth ⩾5 mm was observed in 14 (19%) patients and was significantly associated with proximal displacement ⩾4 mm (p=0.03). Conclusion: Infrarenal EVAS may be complicated by proximal displacement and migration, particularly when performed outside the IFU. The definition of migration used for endovascular aneurysm repair may be inappropriate for EVAS; a new consensus on definition and measurement technique is necessary.

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