USING OF THE ILI RIVER DELTA ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Ecosystem-based adaptation can be applied as an option for sustainable land management. Methodologies that not only prevent land degradation but also contribute to the maintenance of a hydrological regime have become a priority in arid Central Asian climate. Large river deltas can be used as a natural counter-regulator, which accumulates water in wet seasons/years and gradually gives it back to low-water ones. To do so the land-use regime must prevent the degradation of ecosystems and the reduction of their functions. The hystorical anthropogenic damage must be eliminated. In the case of the Ili River delta the restoration of tugai forests is required on an area of at least 30% of the territory, i.e. more than 200 thousand hectares. Afforestation can lead to an increase in the underground water supply of the river at 30 - 70%. The groundwater supply to the river branches in the delta can increase by 1.26 - 2.94 km3/year (up to 21% annual river flow), which, in turn, will lead to additional water supply to Lake Balkhash and reduce the risk of the Aral Sea crisis repetition.

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HYDRO-HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FRESH WATER IN POLTAVA REGION FOR DRINKING AND RECREATIONAL USE

The Medical and Ecological Problems ◽

10.31718/mep.2020.24.1-2.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

І.V. Komyshan ◽

О.D. Sarhosh ◽

A.V. Aleksejeva ◽

О.V. Katrushov

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Underground Water ◽

Large River ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Total Length ◽

Reservoir Basin

The problem of providing the needs of the population of Ukraine with quality drinking water in the XXI century from the actual becomes a sharp one. The question is not only the reduction of quantitative volumes unleavened water, which is threatened by a crisis of drinking water supply to certain regions of the country, and also that it is the first place to act quality of natural waters, which does not satisfy modern hygienic requirements. This is due to the increased pollution of natural water basins by industrial waste, agricultural production and municipal water consumption. In the medical and ecological-hygienic aspect, the issues of obligate contamination of water sources with global toxicants of organic and inorganic nature, disinfection of drinking and economic waters, sewage treatment, water preparation, etc. are the foremost issues. In this work, data from the State Environmental Protection Department in the Poltava region (2010 - 2017), Statistical materials of the sanitary-epidemiological situation in the water supply of the region were used. According to the Poltava regional water resources department, the river network of the Poltava region includes: one large river - the Dnieper, which flows within the region on a 145 km long section, 8 medium rivers with a total length of 1360 km (Psel, Khorol, Vorskla, Sula, Uday, Orzhitsa, Oril, Merla) and 1771 small rivers, watercourses and streams with a total length of 11501 km. The main aquifer horizons suitable for drinking use in the region are: Quaternary (alluvial) Poltava, Kharkiv, Buchak, Sineman-Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic. In total in the Poltava region there are more than 200 thousand shaft wells, which are used by about 605 thousand people (36% of the population). In 56% of wells, a significant excess of nitrate content was detected. Nitrates fall into the horizons of groundwater with human and animal waste (from non-concreted cesspools), and excessive nitrogen fertilization. In general, provision of the Poltava region with unleavened water for drinking and recreational purposes can be considered sufficient. But in relation to qualitative indicators there are problematic periods - the hot season is unfavorable for water supply of settlements on the water intake from the Dniprodzerzhynsk reservoir basin. For the population using the underground water-mountain umbrellas (upper water, Poltava and partially Kharkiv), these problem periods are spring and autumn, when there is more intense pollution of these horizons by the flow of meltwater and rainwater.

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Plastics piping systems for renovation of underground water supply networks

10.3403/30122834u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Underground Water ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Piping Systems

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Plastics piping systems for renovation of underground water supply networks

10.3403/30231929 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Underground Water ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Piping Systems

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Plastics piping systems for renovation of underground water supply networks

10.3403/30315824 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Underground Water ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Piping Systems

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Afforestation of Degraded Croplands as a Water-Saving Option in Irrigated Region of the Aral Sea Basin

Water ◽

10.3390/w13101433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1433

Author(s):

Navneet Kumar ◽

Asia Khamzina ◽

Patrick Knöfel ◽

John P. A. Lamers ◽

Bernhard Tischbein

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Saving ◽

Aral Sea ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Study Region ◽

Trade Offs

Climate change is likely to decrease surface water availability in Central Asia, thereby necessitating land use adaptations in irrigated regions. The introduction of trees to marginally productive croplands with shallow groundwater was suggested for irrigation water-saving and improving the land’s productivity. Considering the possible trade-offs with water availability in large-scale afforestation, our study predicted the impacts on water balance components in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River to facilitate afforestation planning using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The land-use scenarios used for modeling analysis considered the afforestation of 62% and 100% of marginally productive croplands under average and low irrigation water supply identified from historical land-use maps. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the examined water balance components in all afforestation scenarios based largely on the reduced irrigation demand of trees compared to the main crops. Specifically, replacing current crops (mostly cotton) with trees on all marginal land (approximately 663 km2) in the study region with an average water availability would save 1037 mln m3 of gross irrigation input within the study region and lower the annual drainage discharge by 504 mln m3. These effects have a considerable potential to support irrigation water management and enhance drainage functions in adapting to future water supply limitations.

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Tracing Melioidosis Back to the Source: Using Whole-Genome Sequencing To Investigate an Outbreak Originating from a Contaminated Domestic Water Supply

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.03453-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 1144-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Evan McRobb ◽

Derek S. Sarovich ◽

Erin P. Price ◽

Mirjam Kaestli ◽

Mark Mayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Whole Genome Sequencing ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Source Attribution ◽

Environmental Strain ◽

Content Type ◽

Groundwater Supply

Melioidosis, a disease of public health importance in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, is caused by the Gram-negative soil bacillusBurkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is typically acquired through environmental exposure, and case clusters are rare, even in regions where the disease is endemic.B. pseudomalleiis classed as a tier 1 select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; from a biodefense perspective, source attribution is vital in an outbreak scenario to rule out a deliberate release. Two cases of melioidosis within a 3-month period at a residence in rural northern Australia prompted an investigation to determine the source of exposure.B. pseudomalleiisolates from the property's groundwater supply matched the multilocus sequence type of the clinical isolates. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the water supply as the probable source of infection in both cases, with the clinical isolates differing from the likely infecting environmental strain by just one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) each. For the first time, we report a phylogenetic analysis of genomewide insertion/deletion (indel) data, an approach conventionally viewed as problematic due to high mutation rates and homoplasy. Our whole-genome indel analysis was concordant with the SNP phylogeny, and these two combined data sets provided greater resolution and a better fit with our epidemiological chronology of events. Collectively, this investigation represents a highly accurate account of source attribution in a melioidosis outbreak and gives further insight into a frequently overlooked reservoir ofB. pseudomallei. Our methods and findings have important implications for outbreak source tracing of this bacterium and other highly recombinogenic pathogens.

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A Multi-Criteria Assessment of Water Supply in Ugandan Refugee Settlements

Water ◽

10.3390/w10101493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susanna Andreasi Bassi ◽

Iskandar Tange ◽

Benjamin Holm ◽

Alessio Boldrin ◽

Martin Rygaard

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Working Hours ◽

Surrounding Water ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Groundwater Supply ◽

Water Provision

Water supply challenges in emergency situations have increased in recent years and there is a need for analyses targeting economic and environmental sustainability. Our study investigated the end-user water demand, the capital and operational costs, the carbon footprint, the freshwater availability and the risks surrounding water quality for several groundwater supply alternatives in Ugandan refugee settlements. We compared hand pumps, motorised pumps (solar, diesel and hybrid) and water trucking. The end-users’ survey highlighted the significant variability of water access. The economic evaluation showed that the breakeven year for solar and diesel pumps was greatly affected by the length of the water distribution systems (e.g., pipes, storage tanks), the chosen timeframe and the daily working hours of the diesel engine. When excluding capital investment, most alternatives were economically viable at the existing water fee (0.8 USD/m3), and solar driven pumps were down to 0.09 USD/m3. Finally, the combustion of diesel caused the highest CO2-eq emissions per m3. Water trucking is the worst option in both the economic and environmental analysis at 7–8 USD/m3 and >1 kg CO2-eq/m3. The methodology and the results of this paper will support decision-makers to build and finance sustainable water provision solutions in refugee settlements.

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Seismic Damage Assessment of Urban Water Supply Pipeline

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.723 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 316-317 ◽

pp. 723-726

Author(s):

Jian Qun Jiang ◽

Xiao Wen Yao ◽

Yi Ting Lu

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Longitudinal Direction ◽

Underground Water ◽

Seismic Damage ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Seismic Damage Assessment ◽

Water Pipeline ◽

Ground Condition ◽

Water Supply Pipeline

Water supply pipeline system is a key issue in urban lifeline engineering, and the seismic assessment for the system damage is of significant importance. In this study, method of seismic damage assessment on underground water supply pipeline is introduced. With emphasis on the uncertainties of earthquake level, ground condition, soil-pipe interaction and capacity to resist pipe deformation in longitudinal direction, the check point method is applied to the reliability study of water pipeline, and a case study is presented to show the implementation of the proposed model.

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The Customer Satisfaction of the Drinking Water in the Coastal of Semarang and the Risk Management

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020205015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 05015

Author(s):

Budiyono Budiyono ◽

Citrandy Pamungkas ◽

Yusniar Hanani Darundiati

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Water Supply ◽

Service Providers ◽

Supply System ◽

Water Supply System ◽

Observational Research ◽

Good Service ◽

Deep Groundwater ◽

Groundwater Supply

The water supply system is vital for inhabitants living in the coastal area. The water supply system in the coastal of Semarang 60% served by private. There is no information related to the private service of deep groundwater supply and customer satisfaction. This was an observational research with a cross-sectional. The samples were 40 of the service providers of deep groundwater and 40 customers obtained by accidental sampling. Data were collected by observation and interviewed by using questionnaires. Statistical analysis used the Chi-Square test with an estimated error of 5%. The results showed that the overall aspects of the service of deep groundwater supply in the good category were 22.5%. The overall perception of customer satisfaction showed in the satisfied category was 55 %. There was a significant association between the less good service of deep groundwater supply and the less satisfaction of the customer under the aspect of quality (p=0.006), quantity (p=0.001), continuity (p<0.001), and the overall of the service aspects (p=0.027). There was no significant association between affordability and the poor perception of customer satisfaction (p=0.736). The research concluded the less good service of deep groundwater supply and less satisfied with the customer in the coastal of Semarang. The quality, quantity, and continuity of drinking water may risk in health customers.

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