scholarly journals HYDRO-HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FRESH WATER IN POLTAVA REGION FOR DRINKING AND RECREATIONAL USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
І.V. Komyshan ◽  
О.D. Sarhosh ◽  
A.V. Aleksejeva ◽  
О.V. Katrushov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Large River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Reservoir Basin

The problem of providing the needs of the population of Ukraine with quality drinking water in the XXI century from the actual becomes a sharp one. The question is not only the reduction of quantitative volumes unleavened water, which is threatened by a crisis of drinking water supply to certain regions of the country, and also that it is the first place to act quality of natural waters, which does not satisfy modern hygienic requirements. This is due to the increased pollution of natural water basins by industrial waste, agricultural production and municipal water consumption. In the medical and ecological-hygienic aspect, the issues of obligate contamination of water sources with global toxicants of organic and inorganic nature, disinfection of drinking and economic waters, sewage treatment, water preparation, etc. are the foremost issues. In this work, data from the State Environmental Protection Department in the Poltava region (2010 - 2017), Statistical materials of the sanitary-epidemiological situation in the water supply of the region were used. According to the Poltava regional water resources department, the river network of the Poltava region includes: one large river - the Dnieper, which flows within the region on a 145 km long section, 8 medium rivers with a total length of 1360 km (Psel, Khorol, Vorskla, Sula, Uday, Orzhitsa, Oril, Merla) and 1771 small rivers, watercourses and streams with a total length of 11501 km. The main aquifer horizons suitable for drinking use in the region are: Quaternary (alluvial) Poltava, Kharkiv, Buchak, Sineman-Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic. In total in the Poltava region there are more than 200 thousand shaft wells, which are used by about 605 thousand people (36% of the population). In 56% of wells, a significant excess of nitrate content was detected. Nitrates fall into the horizons of groundwater with human and animal waste (from non-concreted cesspools), and excessive nitrogen fertilization. In general, provision of the Poltava region with unleavened water for drinking and recreational purposes can be considered sufficient. But in relation to qualitative indicators there are problematic periods - the hot season is unfavorable for water supply of settlements on the water intake from the Dniprodzerzhynsk reservoir basin. For the population using the underground water-mountain umbrellas (upper water, Poltava and partially Kharkiv), these problem periods are spring and autumn, when there is more intense pollution of these horizons by the flow of meltwater and rainwater.

Microbiological requirements for safe drinking water production at a large river impacted by human wastewater: a scenario analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Demeter ◽  
Julia Derx ◽  
Jürgen Komma ◽  
Juraj Parajka ◽  
Jack Schijven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Large River ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Safe Drinking Water

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Rivers are important sources for drinking water supply, however, they are often impacted by wastewater discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and combined sewer overflows (CSO). Reduction of the faecal pollution burden is possible through enhanced wastewater treatment or prevention of CSOs. Few methodological efforts have been made so far to investigate how these measures would affect the long-term treatment requirements for microbiologically safe drinking water supply under future changes.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to apply a new integrative approach to decipher the interplay between the effects of future changes and wastewater management measures on the required treatment of river water to produce safe drinking water. We investigated scenarios of climate change and population growth, in combination with different wastewater management scenarios (i.e., no upgrades and upgrades at WWTPs, CSOs, and both). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate this interplay. We focussed on the viral index pathogens norovirus and enterovirus and made a cross-comparison with a bacterial and a protozoan reference pathogen (Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium).</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: We significantly extended QMRAcatch (v1.0 Python), a probabilistic-deterministic model that combines virus fate and transport modelling in the river with quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). To investigate the impact of climatic changes, we used a conceptual semi-distributed hydrological model and regional climate model outputs to simulate river discharges for the period 2035 – 2049. We assumed that population growth leads to a corresponding increase in WWTP discharges. QMRAcatch was successfully calibrated and validated based on a four-year dataset of a human-associated genetic MST marker and enterovirus. The study site was the Danube in Vienna, Austria.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In the reference scenario, approx. 98% of the enterovirus and norovirus loads at the study site (median: 10<sup>10</sup> and 10<sup>13</sup> N/d) originated from WWTP effluent, while the remainder was via CSO events. The required log reduction value (LRV) to produce safe drinking water was 6.3 and 8.4 log<sub>10</sub> for enterovirus and norovirus. Future changes in population size, river flows and CSO events did not affect these treatment requirements, and neither did the prevention of CSOs. In contrast, in the scenario of enhanced wastewater treatment, which showed lower LRVs by 2.0 and 1.3 log<sub>10</sub>, climate-change-driven increases in CSO events had a considerable impact on the treatment requirements, as they affected the main pollution source. Preventing CSOs and installing enhanced treatment at the WWTPs together had the most significant positive effect with a reduction of LRVs by 3.9 and 3.8 log<sub>10</sub> compared to the reference scenario.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The integrative modelling approach was successfully realised. The simultaneous consideration of source apportionment and concentrations of the reference pathogens were found crucial to understand the interplay among the effects of climate change, population growth and pollution control measures. The approach was demonstrated for a study site representing a large river impacted by WWTP and CSO discharges, but is applicable at other sites to support long term water safety planning.</p>

scholarly journals NITRATE CONTENT OF DRINKING WATER AND THEIR EFFECTS ON POPULATION HEALTH

10.23856/3715 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Olena Stadnichuk ◽  
Liliia Kropyvnytska ◽  
Ivan Martyniuk ◽  
Mykola Platonov ◽  
Mykola Kucher
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Nitrate Group ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Water Pollution Index

The problems of drinking water quality have been considered in some settlements of the Turkivskiy district of Lviv region, in particular concerning the content of Nitrogen compounds. 20 sources of decentralized water supply were investigated. It was found that the main hydrochemical indicators of water samples mainly met the requirements for the degree of contamination of hygienic classification of water bodies. At the same time, analyzing the samples for the presence of nitrogen compounds, it was found that in the tested samples: the content of nitrate ions fluctuated within 0,02 - 016 mg/dm3 (average annual values did not exceed the permissible value); the content of ammonium ions is in the range of 0.5-2.8 mg/dm3, which did not significantly exceed the maximum permissible value. At the time, analysis for NO3- showed an excess of acceptable values in almost all samples by 1.3 у 4.2 times. It was found that the amount of nitrates decreased with the transition from the alluvial aquifers to the indigenous ones, where the average content was 108.9 mg/dm3 and 86.8 mg/dm3, respectively. This is probably due to better protection of the bedrock from surface contamination, greater capacity of the corresponding aquifers and their deeper occurrence. According to the average value of the water pollution index for the nitrate group, the studied objects of decentralized water supply belong to the second class ‒ moderately contaminated. The correlation between the water pollution index by nitrate group and the population morbidity is calculated to be direct and sufficiently high (0.73). The most associated indicators of water quality are diseases of the circulatory system, blood and hematopoietic organs, digestive organs, endocrine and urogenital systems.

scholarly journals ПРИРОДНЫЕ И ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОД МЫШЬЯКОМ (NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC FEATURES OF POLLUTION NATURAL WATER ARSENIC)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vorobyov ◽  
Rauan Abdinov ◽  
Kirill Shchesnyak
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Polluted Waters

The problem of arsenic in drinking water, which causes a violation of human health, is revealed. The main ways of arsenic ingress from the lithosphere into drinking water are shown. In the earth's crust, arsenic is contained in rocky rocks, from where it under the influence of weathering processes passes into sedimentary rocks, alluvium and silts. When underground water passes through a section of the earth's crust containing arsenic in the form of its minerals, the water is saturated with arsenic. Chemical reactions of arsenic transition to easily soluble forms and its main compounds in natural waters are presented. The mechanism of arsenic migration in natural surface and underground waters is explained. In Bangladesh, about 60 million people use arsenic-contaminated groundwater as drinking water and are therefore at risk of poisoning. Detailed map of the world on the risk of arsenic contamination of natural fresh water. It is shown that in Kazakhstan there are numerous geogenic deposits and ore occurrences of arsenic, which naturally infect groundwater. The West Kalba ore belt, which is about 800 km long and 80-100 km wide, has been identified only within Eastern Kazakhstan, and its ore objects are represented by gold-arsenopyrite (with an arsenic content of up to 2-5 %) ores. In addition, Kazakhstan has a significant technogenic component of arsenic water pollution due to the influence of the mining industry: only in the dumps of the Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical plant, more than 300 thousand tons of arsenic mineral products have already accumulated, with an annual increase of 11 thousand tons. The method of disposal of such waste, as well as localization of arsenic from underground polluted waters on technogenic geochemical barriers, is described.

scholarly journals PASSPORTATION OF SOURCES OF NON-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY OF THE VILLAGE OF POROMIV, VOLYN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Kurhanevych ◽  
Viktoriia Haven
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
The Village

The article is devoted to the problems of studying the quality of drinking water from decentralized water supply sources of rural settlements. The preparatory stage of the study included: creation of a cartographic basis of the settlement; field reconnaissance routes; express analysis of drinking water quality; creation of situational plans of wells locations, and the basis for the ecological passport of the source of decentralized individual water supply (well). The relevance of the study is due to the deterioration of the quality of water as a source of domestic water supply. This is especially true for the rural population. There is a need to conduct an inventory and certification of wells in accordance with European standards and requirements, as well as modern technical and information capabilities. The ecological passport of a natural object is a system of diagnostic characteristics that allow one to get an idea of its condition and develop ways to improve it. In the process of researching the issue of certification of drinking water sources, we analyzed the accounting systems of these facilities in Canada and Germany. Our sample environmental passport was developed based on a study of groundwater in the village of Poromiv, Volyn region of Ukraine. The quality of drinking water is influenced by both the natural factors – geological structure and climate, and the intensive economic development of the surrounding area. The sample consisted of 40 wells. We used theoretical research methods: analysis, synthesis, abstraction and idealization. Such approaches implied the search for relationships between topological, hydrological and chemical parameters of individual observation points, as well as the ability to build idealized regression models to delineate areas for certification and detailed research. The formation of the information database was carried out using the methods of empirical knowledge. In particular, visual observations have identified potential sources of contamination (private farms – livestock sites, latrine pits, farmland, and infrastructure). They can affect the condition and quality of water in wells. With the help of a level meter, pH-meter, TDS meter and rapid tests for nitrates, the measurements of qualitative indicators that determine the overall hydrochemical state of groundwater were carried out. The general observations revealed non-compliance with the norms of placement of these objects. In particular, in many cases the norms of distance from sheds (more than 20 m) and cesspools (more than 50 m) relative to wells were violated. In addition, there is a general tendency to neglect the rules of formation of cesspools and manures, which contributes to the ingress of pollutants into the soil and subsequently into groundwater. In general, the accounting of wells and their diagnostic characteristics was developed in the form of a database in the ArcGIS environment and a passport of a separate source of water supply. It is proposed to add a situational plan with the location of the water supply source for the main polluting objects to the general technical characteristics. The number of indicators in the passport table can be adjusted depending on the potential sources of pollution and the abilities to monitor the water quality of a particular water user. The purpose of forming documentation of this type is to account and record the problems arising in the arrangement, location and operation of the well for their further solution. This will be the basis for identifying areas vulnerable to nitrate contamination. We identified a number of violations in the location of water supply sources in relation to economic facilities and structures within the study area, which was reflected in the increase of general hydrochemical indicators. Relationships between building density and quantitative values of pH, mineralization and nitrate content were recorded. The final step of the research is to identify problematic sources of decentralized water supply from the viewpoint of population ecological well-being, as well as to develop proposals for the community and individual owners to improve the quality of drinking water. Keywords: well, water supply, ecological passport, sources of pollution.

Assessment of peroral intake of nitrates with drinking water for different sections of the population of Zhytomyr region

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
R.A. Valerko ◽  
◽  
L.O. Herasymchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Impact

Objective: We assessed the degree of risk to the health of the rural population of different ages with constant peroral intake of nitrates with drinking water. Materials and methods: The study was conducted within the rural residential areas of Zhytomyr region and it is a part of the research "Ecological and social assessment of the state of rural residential areas in the context of sustainable development." Drinking water samples were taken from public and private sources of decentralized water supply: wells, bore-wells and natural sources. A total 549 water samples were taken. In the study, we used general scientific methods: analytical, field, laboratory and statistical ones. Results: Among the studied areas, the largest excess of the average content of nitrates was recorded in drinking water of rural settlements of Berdychiv district. The risk assessment showed that the children aged 0-10 years were the most sensitive population to nitrates, and the women were more vulnerable to nitrates than the men among the adult population. The significant correlations between an excess of nitrate content in drinking water and cancer among adults and children in Berdychiv district have been proven. Conclusions: It has been proven that with a constant oral intake of nitrates with drinking water, harmful effects on the health of the rural population are observed, which, according to their sensitivity to their action, were distributed as follows: children 0-10 years old> adult women> adult men> adolescents.Taking into account the results obtained, it is necessary to monitor constantly the quality of drinking water sources of decentralized water supply in rural areas and to inform the rural population about water quality and the impact of its impurities on human health.

Assessment of drinking water quality within amalgamated territorial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Ruslana Valerko ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Herasymchuk ◽  
Yevgenii Hurskyi ◽  
Anastasiya Pavlenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rural Settlements

One of the main problems of rural residential areas is to provide the local population with quality drinking water, which is a major factor influencing their health. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement effective measures not only at the state level but also at the regional and local levels. The main purpose of decentralization of power is to transfer the power and appropriate financial resources to the lowest levels of local self-government, which makes it possible for created amalgamated communities to use these resources to solve the priority issues. However, to determine the ecological state of rural settlements in the subsystem of drinking water quality, it is necessary to assess its quality in the territory where the community is situated. The investigation was carried out in 15 rural settlements of the Teterivka amalgamated community of the amalgamated Zhytomyr district. 36 water samples were selected from the sources of non-centralized water supply. Water quality classes were determined following DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 “Sources of Centralized Drinking Water Supply. Hygienic and Environmental Requirements for Water Quality and Selection Rules”. As a result, it has been established that nitrates make the largest contribution to the pollution of drinking water. In 47% of the selected samples, the nitrate content on average exceeded the norm; and in 46.7% of the investigated settlements, water belongs to quality class 4, defined as “mediocre”, “partially potable” of undesirable quality. A critical situation was recorded in the villages of Mykhailivka, Nova Rudnia and Staroshiika, where the nitrate content in all selected samples of the well water exceeded the norm. On average, 61% of the selected water samples did not meet the standard and were below the standard. According to the pH indicator, the quality classes vary from “excellent”, very pure water grading to the class of “good”, pure water of the desired quality to “satisfactory”, slightly contaminated water of acceptable quality. The total iron content exceeded the standard in 5.6% of the selected samples.

scholarly journals The quality of drinking water supply in Samara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Olga V. Sazonova ◽  
Tatyana K. Ryazanova ◽  
Daria S. Tupikova ◽  
Tatyana V. Sudakova ◽  
Lyudmila N. Vistyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Hygienic Standard

The purpose of the study was to monitor the quality of drinking water supply in Samara. The quality of drinking water was evaluated in 7 districts of Samara on the basis of 20 sanitary-chemical indicators in accordance with health and safety norms and regulations (SanPiN 2.1.4.107401 20102013 and 20182019). A changed color of drinking water was mainly observed in the areas with water supply from the Saratov reservoir (53,5 8,5% of samples). In the areas with underground water sources the dry residue and hardness of drinking water exceeded hygiene requirements by 100% and 87,5% of samples respectively. 64% of samples in 20102013 and 17,4% of samples in 20182019 were non-standard in terms of permanganate oxidation. Several samples didnt meet the hygienic standard for iron content. Adverse changes in the temporal dynamics of the proportion of samples that didnt meet the hygienic standard for the content of oil products were noted. The quality of some samples of drinking water in Samara did not meet sanitary requirements for some indicators. No significant differences were found between the average long-term values of sanitary and hygienic indicators for urban areas and the obtained data for drinking water in the new housing estate, which suggests that the condition of the water supply pipes doesnt influence the composition of the drinking water in the yard or at home.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE MOSCOW REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
N.P KARPENKO ◽  
◽  
I.M. LOMAKIN
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
The State ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Environmental Measures

The purpose of the work is to study and assess the state of underground water in the Moscow region used for drinking water supply and to develop measures to improve the quality of underground water. There was made an analysis of the state of the main operated aquifers and their dynamics and were found basic regularities of the formation of the hydrogeological regime of the exploited horizons in the Moscow region. The main factors affecting the chemical composition of groundwater were considered. Modern approaches were developed and proposed to solve the problem of preserving the quality of underground water for drinking water supply. To ensure the quality of underground water intake in the Moscow region, recommendations were developed to preserve the quality of underground water and the necessary set of environmental measures was proposed to minimize the deterioration of the drinking water quality. Timely identification of possible sources of deterioration in the quality of underground water and usage of innovative technologies for underground water treatment of from pollution will prevent from risky situations in the problem of assessing the quality of the underground water used for domestic and drinking needs of the population. Implementation of the proposed measures will improve environmental conditions of the ground water resources within the Moscow region.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF DRINKING WATER IN THE VORONEZH REGION FOR 2014-2019 YEARS

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-239
Author(s):  
Владимир Петрович Косолапов ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Чайкина ◽  
Галина Владимировна Сыч ◽  
Елена Александровна Болдырева ◽  
Ксения Сергеевна Ласточкина
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Iron ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Important State

На одном из первых мест среди наиболее важных факторов, влияющих на состояние здоровья населения, стоит качество питьевой воды. Вода - самое распространенное, самое уникальное и удивительное вещество в природе. Среди всех веществ, присутствующих на земле, вода благодаря особым своим физическим, химическим и квантово-механическим свойствам занимает исключительное положение в природе и играет особую роль в существовании органической жизни. Вода в большинстве водных объектов оценивается как загрязненная по многим физико-химическим, биологическим и органолептическим показателям, что связано с высокой техногенной нагрузкой на окружающую природную среду. Вода из подземных водоисточников обладает природным повышенным содержанием железа, повышенной жесткостью. В связи с этим, проблема питьевого водоснабжения продолжает оставаться актуальной, а повышение надежности и качества водоснабжения населения питьевой водой является одной из первоочередных социальных проблем. Оптимизация условий водопользования и обеспечение населения достаточным количеством доброкачественной питьевой воды являются важнейшими государственными задачами. Управлением Роспотребнадзора по Воронежской области с 2014 по 2019 год, в рамках своих полномочий осуществлялись надзорные мероприятия за организацией водоснабжения населения. Особое внимание предавалось контролю качества питьевой воды ее безопасности в эпидемиологическом отношении, безвредности по химическому составу. Результаты данной работы представлены в статье Among the most important factors affecting the health of the population, one of the first places is the quality of drinking water. Water is the most common, most unique and amazing substance in nature. Among all the substances present on earth, thanks to its special physical, chemical and quantum mechanical properties, it occupies an exceptional position in nature and plays a special role in the existence of organic life. Water in most water bodies is assessed as polluted by many physicochemical, biological and organoleptic indicators, which is associated with a high man-made load on the environment. Water from underground water sources has a high natural iron content, increased rigidity. In this regard, the problem of drinking water supply continues to be relevant, and improving the reliability and quality of drinking water supply to the population is one of the priority social problems. Optimization of water use conditions and provision of the population with an adequate amount of safe drinking water are the most important state tasks. The Directorate of Rospotrebnadzor in the Voronezh Region from 2016 to 2018, within its authority, supervising the organization of water supply to the population was carried out. Particular attention was paid to the quality control of drinking water of its safety in the epidemiological respect, the safety of the chemical composition. The results of this work are presented in the article

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