scholarly journals Using GeoHashes to Combine IOT and GIS to Provide Business Intelligence to the Informal Sector in South Africa

10.29007/rssv ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Butgereit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Use Of Internet

South Africa has one of the highest GINI coeefficient indicating a high degree of inequality in the country. There is also extreme unemployment with the expanded unemployment rate being 38.3% and in some subsections of the economy as high as 68.3%. Despite this, the Informal Sector (non-agricultural) employs over three million people. Many corporates offer products to the formal sector, the informal sector or both. The commercial margins are often very slim in the informal sector. This paper looks at the use of Internet of Things, Geographical Information Systems, and GeoHashes to provide business intelligence to merchants in the Informal Sector thereby helping them improve their competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Defining GP Practices from an Urban Versus Rural Perspective: The Case of Czechia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Šídlo ◽  
Jan Bělobrádek
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Abstract BackgroundThis study is an attempt to demonstrate the potential for classifying GP practices in Czechia along an urban versus rural dimension and to compare the structure of areas thus defined with the OECD territorial typology. The aim is to ascertain whether a general approach to distinguishing regions is transferrable and could be used to define GP practices in Czechia. MethodsIn this study two variants are considered using data supplied to the authors by the largest health insurance company in Czechia, using geographical information systems. The results were then compared with the OECD regional typology, in which areas are classified as predominantly urban, intermediate, and predominantly rural. ResultsThe two GP practice typologies were then found to correspond closely to the OECD typology, but the most recent variant is more suitable. A high degree of similarity was evident in the categorisation of urban regions, and therefore practices, and slightly less so in the rural type areas. The most problematic aspect is defining the intermediate type, which has its own peculiarities and has to be considered within the wider context. ConclusionsDespite some structural differences, we can state that the main thinking behind the OECD typology is transferrable and can be used to determine urban versus rural healthcare providers, especially primary care ones. Nonetheless, the results point to further research avenues, especially on how to best to define the intermediate category so greater accuracy can be achieved in determining the resulting urban versus rural polarity.

scholarly journals The employment history of day labourers in South Africa and the income they earn - A case study of day labourers in Pretoria

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Blaauw ◽  
H Louw ◽  
R Schenck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Informal Labour ◽  
History Of ◽  
Harsh Conditions

 Formal sector unemployment forces many workers to venture into the informal sector.  The activities of day labourers are no exception.  The aim of this paper is to address the lack of research on informal labour markets by focusing on the day labourers in Pretoria as a case study and to investigate the employment history of and income earned by day labourers in Pretoria.  Day labourers involved in this study were mainly male, young, low skilled, earning low and uncertain levels of income and working under harsh conditions.  A significant portion of day labourers in Pretoria previously held formal sector occupations.  Long spells of unemployment can make it difficult for day labourers to return to the formal sector.  Many activities in the informal sector can never provide a permanent solution to unemployment. 

scholarly journals Defining GP Practices from an Urban Versus Rural Perspective: The Case of Czechia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Šídlo ◽  
Jan Bělobrádek
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Abstract Background: This study is an attempt to demonstrate the potential for classifying GP practices in Czechia along an urban versus rural dimension and to compare the structure of areas thus defined with the OECD territorial typology. The aim is to ascertain whether a general approach to distinguishing regions is transferrable and could be used to define GP practices in Czechia. Methods: In this study two variants are considered using data supplied to the authors by the largest health insurance company in Czechia, using geographical information systems. The results were then compared with the OECD regional typology, in which areas are classified as predominantly urban, intermediate, and predominantly rural. Results: The two GP practice typologies were then found to correspond closely to the OECD typology, but the most recent variant is more suitable. A high degree of similarity was evident in the categorisation of urban regions, and therefore practices, and slightly less so in the rural type areas. The most problematic aspect is defining the intermediate type, which has its own peculiarities and has to be considered within the wider context. Conclusions: Despite some structural differences, we can state that the main thinking behind the OECD typology is transferrable and can be used to determine urban versus rural healthcare providers, especially primary care ones. Nonetheless, the results point to further research avenues, especially on how to best to define the intermediate category so greater accuracy can be achieved in determining the resulting urban versus rural polarity.

scholarly journals Geomorphological Analysis of Xilokastro Fault, Central Gulf of Corinth, Greece

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Sotirios Verroios ◽  
Vasiliki Zygouri
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Fault Scarp ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth ◽  
Morphometric Index ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
High Degree

The Gulf of Corinth is a rapidly opening area with high seismicity associated with extensive building collapses, destruction of cities, and even the deaths of inhabitants. Rapid residential development, especially in the southern part of the Gulf of Corinth, and the construction of crucial technical infrastructures necessitate understanding the activity across crustal-scale faults that host devastating earthquakes. The evolution of landforms affected by fault action is a dominant issue in geological science. In the present study, was selected the 20 km long Xilokastro pure normal fault. In this fault, we apply eight geomorphological indices in footwall catchments that drain perpendicular to its trace. In total, more than 5000 measurements were made in 102 catchments. The determination of geomorphological indices requires the construction of morphological profiles either perpendicular to the faults or perpendicular to the main tributaries of the drainage basins under consideration through the use of the geographical information systems (ArcGIS platform). Τhe application of these indices along catchments draining the Xilokastro fault scarp show high active tectonics. Its high activity is evidenced by the high values of the length-slope index near the fault trace, the low values of the width to height ratio index, the strong asymmetry of the drainage basins, especially in the overlapping zones between its segments, and the elongated shape of the drainage basins. This study supports the idea that the application of a single morphometric index is unable to reflect the distribution of active tectonics across faults, which makes inevitable the systematic comparison of a series of tectonic morphometric indices from which a new combined index emerges (Iat). The Iat classifies the Xilokastro fault in the high degree of activity at a rate of 75% of its length.

Maps and Cartography in the History of South Africa: From Print to Digital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Etherington
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Volatile Element ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

The first well-attested maps showing Southern Africa date from the late 15th century. Before the 19th century, maps provided little information about the interior but depicted coastlines in great detail, thanks to the requirements of seaborne navigators. Information about the inhabitants was scanty and skewed by misconceptions about the nature of African societies. Land-based exploration activity increased dramatically in the 1830s but the poorly trained and equipped human agents made many errors that had significant historical consequences. Accuracy in the mapping of physical topography improved with the advent of skilled civil and military surveyors, but entanglement with advancing forces of European colonialism resulted in biased representations of the nature and distribution of the indigenous people. Competition among European invaders during the so-called Scramble for Africa in the last decades of the 19th century made cartography a volatile element in the general mix of combustible material. Continual war among Europeans and Africans also affected the production of maps. The impact of African resistance to colonial surveys and land seizures on map making was for too long neglected by historians. By the end of World War I, the geopolitical boundaries of the region assumed their present configuration, marking off South Africa from its neighbors. The imposition of European rule, racial inequality, and segregation introduced cartographical distinctions between areas in which land was held in freehold title by members of a ruling racial elite and so-called African reserves and locations where land was held communally under the surveillance of traditional authorities. Decolonization beginning in the 1960s swept away the colonial racial order but did not abolish its legacy of boundaries, inequality, and parallel systems of land governance. The advent of geographical information systems, digital mapping, and satellite imaging has revolutionized cartography.

scholarly journals Sistema de información geográfica aplicada al estudio de los datos de los profesionales de enfermería del Brasil

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Marcelo Felipe Persegona ◽  
Gelson Luiz De Albuquerque ◽  
Neyson Pinheiro Freire ◽  
Matheus Cruz ◽  
Gedalias Valentim
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Nursing Support ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Nursing Professionals

El uso de Sistemas de Informaciones Geográficas auxilia a los tomadores de decisión de organismos públicos o empresas en la elaboración, implantación y acompañamiento de proyectos y/o programas gubernamentales por la creación de mapas temáticos. Esos sistemas tienen capacidad de utilizar diversas fuentes de información e agrúpalas para la obtención de un resultado esperado. Para esta finalidad, el georreferenciamiento viene mostrándose extremamente útil. El sistema propuesto es hecho en plataforma libre. El uso de Sistemas de Informaciones Geográficas ayudó en la realización de la investigación sobre los datos de la enfermería del Brasil. La investigación realizada evidenció la disparidad de la distribución de los profesionales de enfermería por el territorio brasileño.Descriptores: Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Business Intelligence, Enfermería, Apoyo a Toma de Decisión.Sistema de informação geográfica aplicada ao estudo de dados dos profissionais de enfermagem do BrasilO uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas ajuda tomadores de decisão de órgãos públicos ou empresas na elaboração, implementação e acompanhamento de projetos e/ou programas governamentais para a criação de mapas temáticos. Esses sistemas têm capacidade de utilizar diversas fontes de informação e agrupá-las para a obtenção de um resultado esperado. Para isso, o georreferenciamento vem se mostrando extremamente útil. O sistema proposto é em plataforma livre. O uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas ajudou na realização da pesquisa sobre os dados da enfermagem no Brasil. A pesquisa realizada evidenciou a disparidade da distribuição dos profissionais de enfermagem pelo território brasileiro.Descritores: Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, Business Intelligence, Enfermagem, Apoio e Tomada de Decisão.Geographic Information System applied to the study of data from nursing professionals in BrazilThe use of Geographical Information Systems helps decision-makers of public bodies or companies in the development, implementation and accompaniment of projects and/or government programs for creating thematic maps. These systems have the ability to use various sources of information and integrate them to obtain an expected result. For this purpose, the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has proven to be extremely useful. The proposed system uses a free platform. The use of GIS helped in the conduction of the research on the Brazilian nursing data. The research showed the disparity in the distribution of nursing professionals throughout the Brazilian territory.Descriptors: Geographic Information System, Business Intelligence, Nursing, Support and Decision-making.

scholarly journals Simulating Redistricting in the Classroom: A Binding Arbitration Decision Game Using Louisiana Census Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Peter Miller ◽  
Steven Kimbrough ◽  
Johanna Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Census ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTThis article describes the design and implementation of a redistricting simulation in two classes at a large university. Simulations often include a high degree of abstraction and, as a result, may not inform and develop an understanding of how the world operates. We developed a binding-arbitration game, based on the New Jersey model of a bipartisan commission, in which groups of students used US Census data and a set of mandatory and discretionary criteria to design congressional districts in Louisiana as well as advocate for their plan at an open hearing. In so doing, they learned about the complexities of redistricting and were introduced to geographical information systems (GIS). The student-drawn maps, on average, were more compact and preserved a larger proportion of places and parishes in a single district than the legislature-drawn map. The article discusses other features of the students’ maps and concludes with comments on the general decision-game design.

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