A Logistic Regression Analysis to Assist Welfare Recipients Attaining Employment

This study reports on an experiment using logistic regression to uncover the preponderant factors influencing the likelihood of attaining employment by a welfare recipient in Broward County, Florida. Our study considers whether profiling the participants and tailoring the workforce development services based on their respective profiles can increase their likelihood of finding employment (Black et al., 2003). The study finds that our econometric model predicted the probability of employment with reasonably strong reliability. This finding is in alignment with the Welfare Profiling Model of Michigan’s (Barnow et al., 2012; Eberts, 1997;2002) and the Factors Influencing AFDC Duration and Labor Market Outcomes Research Study of Texas (Schexnayder et al., 1991). More specifically, the results indicate that education and prior employment history are significant factors increasing the likelihood of departing from welfare and achieving employment. Furthermore, the study concludes that the number of children, participant’s age, and the ethnicity of the welfare recipient also play a role in breaking away from welfare. The results from the experiment show that using the econometric model to assign services to individuals increases the likelihood of finding employment from 11% to 24% on average. This is a very encouraging finding since it motivates researchers to perform further research in this area of study.

Hidden in Plain Sight: Transactions of Moral Capital in Sick Leave Management Within the Corporate University

In this article, we argue that sick leave and its management within the university involves exchanges of moral capital. The circulation of moral capital supports a moral economy, in turn underpinning the political economy of the corporate university. The forms of moral capital are diverse, sometimes easily recognized as such, more often hidden in plain sight. Like other forms of capital, moral capital can be accrued, depleted, and exchanged as it is paid forward. The exchanges between employers and employees within this moral economy represent trading of moral capital over and above contractual exchanges of income and other benefits for labor. Sick leave transactions illustrate the many forms this moral capital can take: values and principles, entitlements and accruals of sick leave, bureaucratic compliance, discretion, vulnerability and deservingness, employment history, and work ethic.

Issues of judicial recourse term in cases of dismissal

Issues of judicial recourse term and its differentiation in cases of dismissal are examined. The respective issues concern the term duration; the term calculation; the term differentiated legal regulation. It is reveled that the current one-month term does not meet the interests of employees, contradicts the requirements of substantiation, reasonableness and fairness. Such term also contradicts the human right to a fair trial and does not correspond to the essence, focus and values of labor law. It is proposed to establish a unified one-year judicial recourse term in labor cases (while maintaining the indefinite term for filing claims for payment of wages). It is substantiated that in order to effectively appeal to court, the plaintiff needs both a dismissal order and an employment history book. It is proposed to provide calculation of the term of appeal to the court in cases of dismissal from the date of delivery of both a copy of a dismissal order and an employment history book. The differentiation of judicial recourse term in cases of dismissal from public service was also revealed. The Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine refers to the day when the person learned or should have learned about the violation of his or her rights, freedoms or interests. Such differentiation is unreasonable and worsens the legal status of employees whose dismissal cases are subject to consideration in the order of administrative proceedings. The Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine is proposed to be amended by a provision that calculates the respective term from the day when the person received both a copy dismissal order and an employment history book. It is revealed that civil and administrative proceedings assume different legal consequences of missing the judicial recourse term in cases of dismissal. The asymmetrical procedural regimes for implementation of similar labor rights and interests seem unjustified, since it is not due to the objective prerequisites for labor relations legal regulation differentiation. Unification is proposed in this matter. It should be based on the approach that is now embodied in administrative proceedings.

Plus a Life Sentence? Incarceration’s Effects on Expected Lifetime Wage Growth

The United States incarcerates citizens at rates higher than those of any other developed nation, with impacts on not only government budgets but economic growth rates. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 1997, we model the effects of incarceration on wage growth rates using inverse probability weighted regression adjusted (IPWRA) propensity score matching to recognize the selection bias among the members of the sample who serve prison terms. Results show that incarceration reduces average lifetime income growth by one-third even for a relatively short earning period, with that depth depending on length of sentence, employment history, and education level in some surprising ways.

Heterogeneous entrepreneurship and the Sunday Times Rich List

It may appear surprising that economists devote such little attention to the heterogeneity nature of entrepreneurship, however there are several possible explanations. The concept represents a well-known tension between typical economic theory and the concept of entrepreneurship itself. When Baumol (1968) and Kirz-ner (1973) wrote their seminal works they were attempting to respond to a perceived neglect of the entrepreneur within neo classical economics. The explosion of entrepreneurship re search since then has not been comfortably reconciled with for mal mo - dels, and indeed empirical studies have a tendency to lapse into psychological profiling. It might be argued that such profiling (be it in terms of gender, race, age, experience, education, IQ, marital status, employment history, etc) does make entrepreneurs hetero - geneous, however this differs from the way in which we use the term. «Heterogeneity» does not merely mean «differentiated» but ties into a deeper methodological debate about the nature of scientific analysis. In short, heterogeneity is an aspect of the broa - der concept of subjectivism. At a basic level subjectivism implies that individuals can interpret events in different ways, and as a consequence of this we expect a diversity of action that is glossed over when people are modelled as homogenous agents. Having said this, it’s important to recognise the diversity of approaches and methodologies within the economics profession. For example, although the neoclassical system is liable to eschew premises that aren’t tractable, Austrian-school economists do tend to emphasise subjectivism and heterogeneity. But whilst this is strikingly evident in capital theory (see Lachmann 1956) it is cu-rious to note that a similar attitude towards entrepreneurs them - selves is underplayed. In short, since Austrians emphasise the functional qualities of entrepreneurship they treat entrepreneurs as homogenous blobs. This paper intends to strike a middle ground between homogeneity and psychological particularism by de-constructing the entrepreneur (Evans and Baxendale 2008).

Mothers’ employment and child behaviour: new evidence for Scotland

Given increasing maternal labour-market participation in many European countries, there is an ongoing scientific and public debate on the potential consequences for children’s development. Previous research has used both cross-sectional measures of maternal employment at a particular age of the child and measures capturing maternal employment history. Whereas the former approach cannot capture the cumulative impact of maternal employment on developmental outcomes, studies following the second approach have so far not accounted for the possibility that mothers may repeatedly change their labour-force participation in response to their children’s development or other dynamic context factors that are themselves affecting developmental outcomes.The present study combines statistical techniques that can account for time-varying confounders with cumulative measurement of maternal employment to investigate its link with children’s behavioural problems around age eight. In addition, our study explores whether the effect of maternal employment history differs by mothers’ education. Using data from the Growing Up in Scotland study, we find that children’s behavioural problems around age eight are the less pronounced the more years their mothers have worked full-time or part-time. However, these associations reduced in size once we adjusted for potential confounders and they do not significantly differ between mothers with and without a tertiary degree. These results suggest that the association between maternal employment history and behavioural problems around age eight is mostly driven by confounding factors such as maternal education, child health and socio-economic status.<br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>The study investigates the link between maternal employment history until age 6 and children’s behaviour around age 8.</li><br /><li>It accounts for interdepedencies with other family characteristics like economic resources, maternal health and family structure.</li><br /><li>The analyses provide no strong evidence either for a substantive positive nor negative effect of maternal employment history.</li></ul>

Notes on the Development of the Official Biography in the Russian Tradition

This article covers the principles of the formation of the data that constituted the basis for the official curriculum vitae in the Russian tradition. There is reason to believe that this data had been worked out mainly within the bureaucratic institutions. The data was identified by analyzing the available documents, which describe the official portrait and the life path of a person. The research issue can be formulated as follows: what kind of data about the person, his or her social characteristics and life events were considered necessary by the authorities to be registered in various documents? To answer this question, it was necessary to study parish registers, passports from different time periods, service records, family lists, Soviet questionaries filled out by newly hired employees, and other documents. Since the time of Peter the Great, the following data have been gradually included in the official portrait of a person: name (first name, patronymic, family name), social estate (social standing), age, place of residence, religion (nationality), marital status, military status. In the description of the life path, it was necessary to provide information about close relatives, education, employment history, awards and penalties. Soviet questionaries always included questions about a person’s involvement with the Komsomol (Young Communist League) or the Communist Party and participation in social work. As a result, an individual’s life story presented in the official curriculum vitae consisted not of events, but of his various social statuses. The bureaucratic apparatus required information not so much of the individual himself as of his social environment. The change in the type of information required was determined by aspects of the political and social system in which the respective person existed.

Design of a Research and Training Platform for Operating Portable Chainsaws Using Virtual Reality Technology

The logging industry belongs to one of the industrial processing branches with the greatest risk of accidents at work. Unfortunately, such situations often result in serious injuries and even the deaths of employees. In most cases, the casualties are people who are badly trained and inexperienced, with a short employment history. One solution to avoid these tragedies is to support workers employed in this industry with training applications. This paper presents a description of a research and training platform for operating portable chainsaws using virtual reality (VR) technology. The platform simulates phenomena occurring while working with a chainsaw, such as falling tree parts, the occurrence of chips and characteristic sound effects. The study used the HTC Vive Pro set and a dummy chainsaw with an electric module, thanks to which the application lets you control a virtual chainsaw using a real life device tracked by a system for mapping objects in space. For the purpose of this work, a series of 32 tests were conducted with 16 subjects and conclusions were drawn on the basis of test reports and surveys, in which the subjects expressed their opinions about the course of events in the platform application.

JOB DURATION AND HISTORY-DEPENDENT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE

Unemployment insurance schemes typically include eligibility conditions comprising the employment history prior to becoming unemployed, an aspect largely neglected in the literature. We develop an analytically tractable matching model including such contingencies. Unemployed determine reservation durations for jobs to be acceptable, and stronger employment histories increase reservation durations. This creates a stratification among unemployed; unemployed with short employment histories accept short-term jobs, while those with a strong employment history aims for jobs with a longer duration. A trade-off arises between the employment level and the matching quality in terms of job duration; a stronger reward to employment histories reduces employment, but improves match quality (more long-term jobs). Numerical simulations show that the distribution between short- and long-term jobs is significantly affected by history dependencies in benefits levels and duration. The optimal utilitarian policy is shown to include contingencies based on employment histories of the unemployed.

Approaching Retirement After a Working Life in Poverty

This paper uses a life course perspective to explore and understand how an individual’s experiences over their lifetime contribute to the formation of a growing consciousness about their impending retirement. The fieldwork took place in 2016 and was part of a wider mixed methods study about retirement in the UK, which used data from the 1958 birth cohort study (also known as the National Child Development Study). The paper focuses on the qualitative dimension of the study and uses in-depth case studies of four people approaching 60 to consider, in particular, the effects of health, financial resources and employment history on their views on retiring, including the anticipated timing of their exit from the labour market. All four were purposively chosen because they had experienced low pay or poverty during their lifetime and were employed in relatively low paid jobs. State Pension Ages (SPAs) are on the rise in many countries, including the UK, and the authors maintain that it is important to study the working poor, who, even though are more likely to continue working until SPA, are more prone to suffer from poor health, and less likely to be able to put savings aside for their retirement.