scholarly journals Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to nuts and essential fatty acids (omega-3/omega-6) in nut oil (ID 741, 1129, 1130, 1305, 1407) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

EFSA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
3 Omega

scholarly journals Protein synthesis and degradation in isolated muscle. Effect of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Palmer ◽  
K W J Wahle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The ability of derivatives of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (C18:2, omega 6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega 3) to stimulate rates of protein synthesis and degradation was investigated in isolated intact muscles from fasted rabbits. Both omega 6 derivatives examined, arachidonic acid (C20:4, omega 6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3, omega 6), when added at concentrations up to 1 microM, stimulated the rate of protein synthesis and the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Metabolites of the omega 6 series, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, omega 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, omega 3), were without effect on the rate of protein synthesis and resulted in a decrease in the release of PGF2 alpha. None of the fatty acids had a significant effect on the rate of protein degradation. Although insulin (100 mu units/ml) also stimulated rates of protein synthesis when added alone, none of the omega 3 or omega 6 fatty acids, when added with insulin at concentrations of 0.2 microM, potentiated the effect of the hormone.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids in relation to risk of preeclampsia among women delivering at harare maternity hospital, Zimbabwe

2007 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
K Mahomed ◽  
MA Williams ◽  
IB King ◽  
S Mudzamiri ◽  
GB Woelk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

We sought to examine the association between maternal erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids and risk of preeclampsia. We conducted a case-control study of 170 women with proteinuric, pregnancy-induced hypertension and 185 normotensive pregnant women who delivered at Harare Maternity Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. We measured erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acid as the percentage of total fatty acids using gas chromatography. After multivariate adjustment for confounding factors, women in the highest quartile group for total omega-3 fatty acids compared with women in the lowest quartile experienced a 14% reduction in risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 1.63). For total omega-6 fatty acids the odds ratio was 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.92), although there was suggestion of a slight increase in risk of preeclampsia associated with high levels of arachidonic acid. Among women in the highest quartile for arachidonic acid the odds ratio was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 2.54). A strong statistically significant positive association of diunsaturated fatty acids with a trans double bond with risk of preeclampsia was observed. Women in the upper quartile of 9-cis 12-trans octadecanoic acid (C(18:2n6ct)) compared with those in the lowest quartile experienced a 3-fold higher risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 6.45). Among women in the highest quartile for 9-trans 12-cis octadecanoic acid (C(18:2n6tc)) the odds ratio was 3.32 (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 7.13). Monounsaturated trans fatty acids were also positively associated with the risk of preeclampsia, although of much reduced magnitude. We observed a strong positive association of trans fatty acids, particularly diunsaturated trans fatty acids, with the risk of preeclampsia. We found little support for the hypothesized inverse association between omega-3 fatty acids and preeclampsia risk in this population. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, were comparatively lower in Zimbabwean than among US pregnant women. Given the limited inter-person variation in omega-3 fatty acids among Zimbabwean women, our sample size may be too small to adequately assess the relation in this population.

The Use of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed on EPA and DHA Contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Omega 6

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Culture Conditions to Obtain Fatty Acids from Saline Microalgae Species:Dunaliella salina,Sinecosyfissp., andChroomonassp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Castilla Casadiego ◽  
A. R. Albis Arrieta ◽  
E. R. Angulo Mercado ◽  
S. J. Cervera Cahuana ◽  
K. S. Baquero Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Omega 6

The use of the saline microalgae,Dunaliella salina, Sinecosyfissp., andChroomonassp., was explored as an alternative source for the production of fatty acids using fertilizer and glycerol as culture media. The nutrient medium used contained “Nutrifoliar,” a commercial fertilizer, and/or glycerol, in natural sea water. The microalgae were placed in cultures with different conditions. The parameters that favored the largest production of fatty acids were 24 hours of agitation and illumination, 1620 L/day of air supply, 2.25 L of air/min, and a temperature of 32°C using “Nutrifoliar” as the culture media. Results indicated that, from 3 g of microalgae in wet base ofChroomonassp., 54.43 mg of oil was produced. The chromatographic characterization of oil obtained revealed the presence of essential fatty acids such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (omega-3) and 4,7,10-hexadecatrienoic acid (omega-6) from the speciesDunaliella salina.On the other hand, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (omega-6) and cis-11-eicosenoic acid (omega-9) were identified from the speciesChroomonassp. The temperature variations played an important role in the velocity of growth or the production of the algae biomass, the amount of oil, and the ability to produce fatty acids.

scholarly journals Monohydroxylated fatty acid substrate specificity of human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and ω-hydroxylase

1988 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Guichardant ◽  
M Lagarde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Hydroxy Derivative ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega

Various monohydroxylated fatty acids were synthesized from eicosapolyenoic acids, namely arachidonic (20:4 omega-6), timnodonic (20:5 omega-3), dihomogammalinolenic (20:3 omega-6) and mead (20:3 omega-9) acids. 12-Hydroxy derivatives, as well as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), were produced with platelets as the enzyme source, and 15-hydroxy derivatives were produced by soya bean lipoxygenase treatment. Each monohydroxylated fatty acid was incubated with human leukocytes in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187, and dihydroxylated products were analysed by h.p.l.c. 12-Hydroxy derivatives of 20:4 omega-6, 20:5 omega-3 and 20:3 omega-9 were similarly oxygenated by both the 5-lipoxygenase and the omega-hydroxylase. As expected, the 12-hydroxy derivative of 20:3 omega-6 was not a substrate for 5-lipoxygenase, but surprisingly, omega-6 oxygenated products, like 15-OH-20:4 or HHT, were not converted by the enzyme, although being potential substrates because of the presence of two double bonds at C-5 and C-8. omega-6 oxygenated derivatives were also poorly converted by leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme. It is concluded that both leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and omega-hydroxylase exhibit a substrate specificity towards monohydroxylated fatty acids with respect to their double bonds and/or the carbon position of the alcohol function.

scholarly journals Vacuum pyrolysis of chia flour residues: An alternative way to obtain omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids and calcium-enriched biochars

2021 ◽  
pp. 105379
Author(s):  
Diego Dusso ◽  
Jhoan F. Téllez ◽  
Valeria Fuertes ◽  
Juan M. De Paoli ◽  
E. Laura Moyano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega
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