scholarly journals PERSONAL FACTORS AND THEIR PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 374-389
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Seger ◽  
Sabine Grotkamp ◽  
Wolfgang Cibis
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Goal Definition ◽  
Medical Benefits ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Common Understanding

Motivation / Background: A broad and common understanding of the nature of Personal Factors is deemed to be necessary to gain and assess a comprehensive perspective regarding an individual’s health condition and accurately allocate social and medical benefits and interventions. Personal Factors have an impact on the functioning of individuals as facilitators or barriers. They play an essential role in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). To date, the World Health Organisation has not classified Personal Factors for global use. Method: A consensus group representing a broad spectrum of medical and social security professionals, research societies together with representatives of self-help organisations developed and published a proposal to classify relevant Personal Factors. Results: To face ongoing discussions misunderstandings are addressed, critics and suggestions balanced and positions created with pointed explanations and supplemented literature. Core messages summarise each position in a condensed form. Conclusions: Personal Factors may exert a powerful influence on the goal definition, goal achievement and type, complexity and length of necessary medical, social or rehabilitation benefits. Transparency, explicitness, fairness (standardisation) and the possibility for well-founded claims comprise additional arguments for reporting Personal Factors. They may be crucial to reach the goal of the highest degree of participation considering individual resources.

scholarly journals Dysphonia in adults with developmental stuttering: A descriptive study

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anél Botha ◽  
Elizbé Ras ◽  
Shabnam Abdoola ◽  
Jeannie Van der Linde
Keyword(s):  
Voice Quality ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Background: Persons with stuttering (PWS) often present with other co-occurring conditions. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) proposes that it is important to understand the full burden of a health condition. A few studies have explored voice problems among PWS, and the characteristics of voices of PWS are relatively unknown. The importance of conducting future research has been emphasised.Objectives: This study aimed to describe the vocal characteristics of PWS.Method: Acoustic and perceptual data were collected during a comprehensive voice assessment. The severity of stuttering was also determined. Correlations between the stuttering severity instrument (SSI) and the acoustic measurements were evaluated to determine the significance. Twenty participants were tested for this study.Result: Only two participants (10%) obtained a positive Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) score of 1.6 or higher, indicating that no dysphonia was present, while 90% of participants (n = 18) scored lower than 1.6, indicating that those participants presented with dysphonia. Some participants presented with weakness (asthenia) of voice (35%), while 65% presented with a slightly strained voice quality. Moderately positive correlations between breathiness and SSI (r = 0.40, p = 0.08) have been reported. In addition, participants with high SSI scores also scored a poor DSI of below 1.6, as observed by a moderate positive correlation between SSI and DSI (r = 0.41).Conclusion: The majority of PWS presented with dysphonia, evident in the perceptual or acoustic parameters of their voices. These results can be used for further investigation to create awareness and to establish intervention strategies for voice disorders among PWS.

scholarly journals Concepts of functioning and health important to people with systemic sclerosis: a qualitative study in four European countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja A Stamm ◽  
Malin Mattsson ◽  
Carina Mihai ◽  
Juliane Stöcker ◽  
Alexa Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Team Care ◽  
Group Interviews

ObjectiveTo describe the experiences of people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in different European countries of functioning and health and to link these experiences to the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to develop a common understanding from a bio-psycho-social perspective.MethodA qualitative multicentre study with focus-group interviews was performed in four European countries: Austria, Romania, Sweden and Switzerland. The qualitative data analysis followed a modified form of ‘meaning condensation’ and the concepts that emerged in the analysis were linked to the ICF.Results63 people with SSc participated in 13 focus groups. In total, 86 concepts were identified. 32 (37%) of these were linked to the ICF component body functions and structures, 21 (24%) to activities and participation, 26 (30%) to environmental factors, 6 (7%) to personal factors and 1 (1%) to the health condition itself. 19 concepts (22%) were identified in all four countries and included impaired hand function, household activities, paid work, drugs, climate and coldness, support from others and experiences with healthcare institutions, non-pharmacological treatment, social security and benefits.ConclusionConcepts identified in all four countries could be used for guiding clinical assessment, as well as interdisciplinary team care and rheumatological rehabilitation for patients with SSc. For a full understanding of the aspects of the disease that were most relevant to people with SSc, people with SSc from multiple countries needed to be involved.

Physical activity participation among older adults with diabetes: Applying the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chenchen Yang ◽  
Elias Mpofu ◽  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
Diana Dorstyn ◽  
Qiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
The World

Abstract Objective: Physical activity (PA) is a known benefit to older adults with diabetes; however, the determinants of PA are less well studied in this population. Applying the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a well-established biopsychosocial framework, we explored PA participation among older adult with type 2 diabetes. Method: Using data from the Health and Retirement Study and the RAND Center for the Study of Aging (N = 2,016; mean age = 73.19; SD = 6.16), we conducted hierarchical stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of different biopsychosocial predictors to PA – namely, body functions and structure, activity and participation, personal, and environmental factors. Results: Altogether, biopsychosocial factors accounted for 20% of the variance in PA participation. Of the personal factors, high extraversion and low neuroticism explained approximately 54% of the variance in PA among the older adults – beyond sociodemographics. Low body mass index, reduced pain, reduced depression, and higher cognitive functioning also had good explanatory power (25% of explained variance), whereas activity participation and environment did not (10% each). Conclusion: Aligning care with components of the ICF will help to ensure a focus on person-centric practices and, in turn, optimize participation outcomes such as PA.

Personal factors in rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Manoj Sivan ◽  
Margaret Phillips ◽  
Ian Baguley ◽  
Melissa Nott
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Health State ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Health Model ◽  
Patient’S Perception

A patient’s perception of their journey through rehabilitation is based on their personal aspirations and expectations as filtered through the value and belief systems within which they live. From these internal constructs, the uniqueness of an individual’s lived experience emerges and explains how two individuals with the same health condition or health state may respond to their situation very differently. This chapter covers contextual factors within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, personality factors, attitudes, skills, and behaviour patterns in the context of how an individual will react to rehabilitation.

scholarly journals A pilot to investigate the use of the icf in documenting levels of function and disability in people living with hiv

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jelsma ◽  
N. Brauer ◽  
C. Hahn ◽  
A. Snoek ◽  
I. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: The study was a pilot study aimed at investigating the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist developed by the World Health Organisation in determining the function of individuals living with HIV in a township near Cape Town.Methods: Twelve participants attending the HIV clinic were examinedusing the ICF checklist.Findings: Areas of the ICF in which problems were noted included emotional functioning and energy and drive. Four participants complained of increased sensitivity to sound. Several respondents (three) reported difficulties in relationships with community members, with less having problems in family and intimate relationships. Conclusion: The ICFwas found to be time consuming and many codes were not relevant. Some of the concepts were not well understood by the participants. However, despite limitations, the use of the ICF in a resource poor setting formed a useful framework within which to examine the functional problems of HIV infected individuals. In the absence of any equivalent unifying framework within which to classify health and health related states, the use of the ICF merits further investigation.

scholarly journals How Medical Students Conceptualize Disability: Implications for Interprofessional Practice and Education

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Bechard ◽  
Adam M.B. Day ◽  
Sinéad P. Dufour ◽  
Agnieszka Dzioba ◽  
Colin McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Biopsychosocial Perspective ◽  
Biopsychosocial Health

Background: This study explored whether medical students at a Canadian university conceptualize health and disability from a biomedical or biopsychosocial perspective. The World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) served as the theoretical basis for this exploration.Methods: A written survey was administered to capture medical students' conceptualizations of health and disability. The survey included questions explicitly related to the constructs of universalism, nonlinearity, social and environmental factors, personal factors, participation, aspects of language and biopsychosocial health perspectives. The survey was also designed to include both theoretical and scenario-based questions related to biopsychosocial concepts of disability. The survey was distributed to and completed by a senior medical school class at a Canadian university.Results: In total, 82 out of 131 medical students completed the survey. Observed trends suggested that for theory-based questions, respondents exhibited close agreement with biopsychosocial perspectives of health and disability. Scenariobased questions resulted in more variability among respondents compared to theory-based questions. When students who previously had been introduced to the ICF were compared with students who had not, those familiar with the ICF more consistently exhibited a biopsychosocial perspective of health and disability; however these differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Overall, senior medical students in this study were generally found to conceptualize disability using a biopsychosocial orientation. This result was more pronounced among students who were previously familiar with the ICF. Interestingly, a biopsychosocial orientation was not consistently maintained for scenario-based questions for all respondents. Our current healthcare climate requires that the concept of health move beyond a biomedical perspective to a more holistic biopsychosocial perspective. This change in perspective is of particular importance as movement towards team-based models of care continues to gain momentum. Closing conceptual and language-based gaps related to concepts of health and disability among all healthcare professionals is pertinent to improvinginterprofessional collaboration and service provision. The ICF presents a framework and language that is relevant across all health professions. Increased use of the ICF in health professional education and training could significantly contribute to increased interdisciplinary success.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: A Contemporary Model of Disablement

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Malcolm Bond
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
The World

Abstract This article begins with a consult of a patient using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), published by the World Health Organization in 2001. The ICF framework serves as the conceptual model for the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition. In contrast to the issues of morbidity-centric documentation schemas, the ICF platform provides a standardized nomenclature to chart functioning, specifically an integrative biopsychosocial model of functioning that defines the components of functioning. The ICF qualifier serves as the titratable dimension of function; the qualifier not only satisfies the need for charting progress but also, when aggregated, provides the possibility of identifying the quantitative metrics of a cohort (eg, service needs, length of hospitalization, level of care, functional outcomes, and return-to-work potential). Implementing ICF into routine documentation moves practitioners toward the concept of functioning not as a consequence of disease but rather toward the real-life dynamics among health condition, body function, body structure, and environmental factors that determine functioning. ICF will be an essential basis for the standardization of data concerning all aspects of human functioning and disability around the world. ICF will be useful for persons with all forms of disabilities, not only for identifying health care and rehabilitative needs but also in identifying and measuring the effect of the physical and social environments.

Core Self-Evaluations as Personal Factors in the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model: An Application in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Yaghmaian ◽  
Susan Miller Smedema ◽  
Kerry Thompson
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Icf Model ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Core Self

Purpose: To evaluate Chan, Gelman, Ditchman, Kim, and Chiu’s (2009) revised World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model using core self-evaluations (CSE) to account for Personal Factors in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).Method: One hundred eighty-seven adults with SCI were recruited to take an online survey including measurement scales representing each component of the revised ICF model: Functioning, Activities, Participation, Environmental Factors, Personal Factors, and Quality Of Life. Path analysis was used to evaluate the hypothesized relationships among the ICF components.Results: A respecified path model revealed a strong model-to-data fit, χ2(3, N = 187) = 6.84; p = .08; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = .99; comparative fit index (CFI) = .99; and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .08. Taking into account all of the ICF components, CSE had the strongest direct effect on life satisfaction (β = .40, p < .01).Conclusion: This study supports CSE as a significant and direct predictor of life satisfaction in persons with SCI, indicating that CSE may be an important target for intervention in a biopsychosocial approach toward SCI rehabilitation. These findings provide a basis for future research to investigate the role of CSE in quality of life among people with varying health conditions.

Wheelchairs and seating

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
Manoj Sivan ◽  
Margaret Phillips ◽  
Ian Baguley ◽  
Melissa Nott
Keyword(s):  
Health Condition ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Health Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Life Roles

Freedom of movement is an essential component of independence and mobility is closely associated with quality of life. People who have difficulty with independent walking often require a wheelchair to assist with mobility. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model can be used to guide the provision of wheelchairs and seating through consideration of the individual personal factors and preferences, environmental limitations, the person’s desired activities and participation in life roles, as well as the person’s health condition or impairments of body structure and function. This chapter describes the steps in prescribing a wheelchair, types of manual and powered wheelchairs, and specialized seating and positioning components.

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