Assessing Professional Students' Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability Model and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures During Patient Care

Context The International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability (ICF) model and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are concepts that must be addressed in professional education. Objective Describe a class assignment that allows students to integrate the concepts of the ICF model and PROMs into actual patient care. Background Adult learners, including professional athletic training students, thrive on learning experiences where they can apply concepts and integrate new knowledge with existing knowledge. In addition, existing research suggests that most athletic trainers are not integrating PROMs into their clinical practice; therefore, students are most likely not seeing the use of PROMs during clinical education. Faculty can facilitate the application of the ICF model and PROMs into patient care with a course-based assignment. Description The assignment requires students to use the ICF model as an assessment tool with an actual patient, which helps shape their therapeutic interventions. Students recorded baseline and follow-up PROMs with this patient over a time period of at least 3 weeks while documenting their interventions and the patient's change over time. Students addressed reflection prompts in the assignment by describing their successes and challenges, in addition to describing their future plans for integrating the ICF model and PROMs into their clinical practice. Clinical Advantage(s) Students described this assignment as beneficial because it helped them treat their patients more holistically. Students self-reported increased knowledge and confidence with using the ICF model and PROMs in their clinical practice. Students described a plan to integrate these concepts into their clinical practice in a limited fashion. Conclusion(s) Faculty may consider integrating an applied, patient-based assignment such as this to assess students' application of the ICF model and PROMs to an actual patient. This assignment can also be easily condensed or expanded to fit different courses, student background knowledge, and assessment of different curricular content standards.

Reasons for Premature Closure of a Mentoring Relationship: A Qualitative Study of Mentoring Youth With a Visual Impairment

Preventing mentor-mentee relationships from ending prematurely is important because an early or unanticipated closure could lead to negative youth outcomes. In this study, the reasons for premature closure of a community-based mentoring program for youth with a visual impairment (VI) are studied. Data from 44 prematurely ended mentor-mentee pairs were analyzed; all mentees (mean age = 18.5, SD = 1.92) and 23 of the mentors had VI. Logbook data with two types of transcribed semi-structured interviews were thematically coded line-by-line. Frequencies of coded responses provided insight into the most frequently reported reasons and the most frequently reported problems. Chi-square analyses were conducted to study differences between matches in the two conditions (i.e., matches containing mentors with or without VI). Regardless of the condition, premature closure was primarily initiated by mentees, and the most common cause was reported to be due to deficiencies in mentors’ relationship skills. Matches with a mentor with VI experienced more problems within one domain of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) model. These results show that additional pre-match mentor and supplementary mentee training are needed to increase relationship success in mentoring programs serving youth with VI.

Thermoelectric Power in Ce Systems with Unstable Valence

In this paper, we report on a few exemplary tests of the applicability of analysis based on the interconfiguration fluctuation model (ICF) for a description of the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power, S(T). The examples include a series of alloys: CeNi2(Si1−yGey)2, Ce(Ni1−xCux)2Si2, and the fluctuating valence (FV) compound CeNi4Ga. The two series develop from CeNi2Si2 being the FV system, where the f states occupation increases progressively with the Ge or Cu substitution. We find here that the ICF model parameters are of similar magnitude both for the analysis of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric power. The ICF-type model appears to be a powerful tool for the analysis of S(T) dependences in Ce-based FV compounds and alloys.

Contextualizing the Impact of Snakebite Envenoming on Patients: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Patient-Specific Functional Scale Activities Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

To categorize the Patient-specific Functional Scale (PSFS) activities in snakebite envenoming (SBE) using the International Classification of Function (ICF) model in order to describe the impact of SBE on patients’ activities and daily lives and to develop a theoretical SBE model of functioning, we performed a post-hoc analysis of two multi-center, prospective studies, conducted at 14 clinical sites in the United States with consecutive SBE patients presenting to the emergency department. Qualitative content analysis and natural language processing were used to categorize activities reported in the PSFS using the ICF model. Our sample included 93 patients. The mean age was 43.0 (SD 17.9) years, most had lower extremity injuries (59%). A total of 99 unique activities representing eight domains came within the Activity and Participation component of the ICF model, with the majority in the Mobility and General Tasks and Demands domains. The main concerns of SBE patients are the ability to perform daily activities and to engage within their social environment. Applying the ICF model to SBE can facilitate the creation of a patient-centered treatment approach, moving beyond body-structural impairments towards a function-based treatment approach and facilitate early integration of rehabilitation services.

The ICF model as a practical tool to facilitate holistic communication with individuals during their rehabilitation: A qualitative study

During rehabilitation, professionals and patients experience difficulties addressing complex issues. In a hermeneutical approach we examine how the ICF model can capture the complexity of the rehabilitation process using secondary deductive content analysis of transcripts from a previous interview study in line with COREQ. When focusing on interactions, the ICF model captures the complexity of individuals’ issues in a convincing way. Three themes were identified: ‘The influence body function, activity, participation and environment have on an individual’s ability to handle daily tasks of personal importance’, ‘The influence the environment in combination with body function, activity, and personal factors have on an individual’s ability to maintain their social roles’, and ‘The influence personal factors and body functions have on an individual’s confidence in participating in activities they like’. The findings show that the ICF model could provide a useful tool to facilitate communication regarding individuals’ complex issues that are often neglected.

Contextualizing the impact of snakebite envenoming on patients: A qualitative content analysis of Patient-Specific Functional Scale activities using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

without Background and including Keywords: 251/275 wordsBackground: There are no disease specific theoretical models describing dysfunction in Snakebite Envenoming (SBE). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) created by the WHO provides a conceptual basis for defining all aspects of functioning and disability within the biopsychosocial model. The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a patient-centered and patient-reported outcome that assesses activities chosen by the patient as limiting and important. Objective: In this study, we analyze the PSFS activities in SBE and apply it to the existing ICF model in order to describe the impact of SBE in patients’ activities and daily lives’ that goes beyond the description of the physiological effects and to develop a theoretical SBE model of functioning. Design: This study performed a post-hoc analysis of two multi-center, prospective studies, conducted at 14 clinical sites across the southeastern United States. Participants: Patients undergoing treatment for mild, moderate and severe SBE.Main outcome measures: Activities listed in the PSFS were used for a combination of qualitative content analysis and Natural Language Processing to categorize responses using the ICF model.Results: Our sample included 86 patients. The mean age was 43.0 (SD 17.6) years, most had lower extremity injuries (62%). A total of 99 unique activities were chosen by patients when completing the PSFS, representing eight of the nine domains within the Activity and Participation component of the ICF model, with the majority in the Mobility and General Tasks and Demands domains.Conclusion: The main concerns of SBE patients are related to the ability to perform regular daily activities and to engage within their social environment, having a multifaceted impact in a variety of areas in their daily lives. Applying the ICF model to SBE can facilitate the creation of a patient centered treatment approach, moving beyond body-structural impairments towards a function-based treatment approach and facilitate early integration of rehabilitation services. Keywords: Snakebite envenoming, snake bite, PSFS, ICF, Function, Disability

Athletic Trainers’ Viewpoints of Patient-Centered Care

Background The core competency of patient-centered care (PCC) states that for positive patient outcomes, the provider must respect the patient’s views and recognize their experiences. The Athletic Training Strategic Alliance Research Agenda Task Force identified a profession-wide belief that examining the extent to which athletic trainers (ATs) provide PCC in their clinical practice would benefit the profession. To first address this line of inquiry, we must study the subjectivity of how ATs view PCC. Methods We used Q methodology to allow participants to share their viewpoints while simultaneously exploring the study aim from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. A total of 115 (males = 62, females = 53, age = 37 ± 10 y, experience = 13 ± 10 y) ATs dispersed between 11 job settings volunteered for this study. Participants were asked to pre-sort (agree, disagree, neutral) 36 validated statements representing the 8 dimensions of PCC. The participants completed a Q-sort where they dragged-and-dropped the pre-sorted statements based on perceived importance in providing PCC. The Q-sorts were analyzed using QMethod software. A principal component analysis was used to identify statement rankings and factors. Factors were determined by an Eigenvalue > 1 and analyzed using a scree plot. The 6 highest selected statements per factor were assessed to create the distinguishing viewpoints. Results Two distinguishing viewpoints emerged from the Q-sorts. The statement “ATs treat patients with dignity and respect” appeared as a high ranked statement in both distinguishing viewpoints. The lowest ranked statement from viewpoint 1 was “ATs integrate the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model as a framework for delivery of patient care.” The lowest ranked statement from viewpoint 2 was “Appointment scheduling is easy.” Conclusions ATs value patient’s preferences. However, a lack of importance was identified for incorporating the ICF model, which is a core competency and adopted framework by the NATA since 2015.

DESIGN BASED ON ICF - The training courses for in-service teachers

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) allowed to adopt that new of 'functioning', which refers to bodily structures and functions, activity and participation and interaction between these and personal and environmental factors.The model is increasingly becoming the reference for the planning/organization of inclusive interventions, in Europe and in the Italian schools: it has been one of the main topics (l. 107/2015) in the last three-year Italian teacher training plan. The work presents procedures the early results of three professionaltraining courses evaluation (2017-2019). The courses involved 73in-service teachers and aimed to enhance the design skills of Individualized Education Plan (IEP) on ICF model. According to the Kirkpatrick Model,the evaluation has been conducted on the teachers’ ‘learnings’ and ‘transfer’ detected through pre-post test and a document analysis of the IEP. The study highlighted few linguistic and semantic difficulties and a better teachers’ sensitivity to the environmental component of the functioning. It offers some useful hints for the construction of a possible trans-national platform (as sharing of practices, data-base)about the training of school teachers on ICF bio-psychosocial model, as well as arguments regarding the tools for verifying the effectiveness of teachers training interventions.

Theoretical proposal for therapy planning in vocal practice: a ICF model application

The present proposal aims to unify certain criteria used in the speech therapy planning process in the voice area, considering the CIF model promoted by the World Health Organization. A framework is offered that considers the organization of therapeutic contents under an adequate hierarchical criterion in accordance with the therapeutic orientations that the speech therapist determines, as well as guidelines around the formulation of objectives and characteristics that they must have of respect the SMART format suggested by the literature. In addition, the importance of the contextual factors of the user is indicated in the establishment of activities of generalization / transfer of clinical achievements as a binding stage between the levels of "Function / Structure" and "Participation / Activity". It is expected that this proposal will generate a professional discussion that tends to establish adequate parameters of therapeutic organization both for academic purposes and for clinical practice.