scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND LANDUSE SCENARIOS UNDER CHANGING CLIMATES: THE EXPERIENCE IN THE UPPER CROSS RIVER REGION, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Innocent A. Ugbong ◽  
Ivan V. Budagov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
River Region ◽  
Descriptive Approach

This paper seeks to show that due to changing climates, there are salient marginal Sahelian conditions (conditions of aridity) emerging on the Northern fringes of Cross River State, a state that is geographical positioned in the southern rainforest belt of Nigeria. The paper adopts a simple descriptive approach and shows the distinct characteristics of this zone, in terms of floristic composition and edaphic and geomorphic structures under changing conditions. Some relationships are established between environmental variables like health, water supply and crop-yield on one hand, and climatic variation, floral life-forms and soil conditions on the other. The changing land use patterns relative to environmental changes are also examined. The paper concludes with a look at current and future adaption strategies to these climate-induced conditions.

scholarly journals New Change Detection Techniques to monitor land cover dynamics in mine environment

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 875-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Ideal Situation

Land use and land cover are dynamic and is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to simulate environmental changes. Land use/cover (LU/LC) change detection is very essential for better understanding of landuse dynamic during a known period of time for sustainable management. Mining is one of the most dynamic processes with direct as well as indirect impact on the environment. Hence, mine area provides ideal situation for evaluating the chronological changes in land-use patterns. Digital change detection of satellite data at different time interval helps in analyzing the changes in the spatial extent of mine along with the associated activities. In present study, various algorithms Iteratively Re-weighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD) on raw data where class wise comparison becomes a difficult proposition and object based segmentation and change detection as post classification comparison were assessed.

scholarly journals Lluvia Enojada-Tyoo Kuasi': The Political Ecology of Forest Extraction in the Sierra Chatina, Oaxaca, Mexico

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Emanuel ◽  
James B. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Major Factors

This paper outlines the major factors contributing to deforestation in the Sierra Chatina of Oaxaca, Mexico and examines the role played by neo-liberal restructuring in these processes. The last 25 years of rural development in the Sierra Chatino has been accompanied by increasingly large-scale environmental changes.  The most obvious outcome has been the loss of 40 percent of the areas natural vegetation. Deforestation has accelerated and exacerbated flooding and climate changes in the region as witnessed by the effects of El Niño driven storms such as Hurricane Pauline. This paper will focus on these processes of deforestation in the region. In this paper, we argue that the Mexican government’s neo-liberal policies have encouraged the commoditization of the Sierra Chatina forests at the expense of long-term ecological sustainability. Since 1992, Mexico has moved toward privatization of forests by removing the legal roadblocks to leasing of ejido and communal lands. Moreover, as neo-liberal policies have devalued the currency, eliminated subsidies, the Chatino have been pushed deeper into poverty, and into unsustainable uses of their forests. Thus, we contend that transformations of land-use patterns seen in these coastal mountains are part of a fundamental shift in local livelihoods from subsistence to cash-based strategies. Keywords: deforestation, Mexico, Oaxaca, Chatino, neo-liberal policy, ecological sustainablity, migration, political ecology, el Niño, privatization, climate change, environmental degradation, rural development.

scholarly journals Idiosyncratic liver pigment alterations of five frog species in response to contrasting land use patterns in the Brazilian Cerrado

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9751
Author(s):  
Lilian Franco-Belussi ◽  
Diogo B. Provete ◽  
Rinneu E. Borges ◽  
Classius De Oliveira ◽  
Lia Raquel S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
New Perspective

Background Changes in land use trigger environmental changes that can lead to decreased biodiversity and species loss. The liver is an essential detoxification organ that reflects systemic physiological responses to environmental changes. Here, we tested whether contrasting land use patterns influence the amount of substances from the hepatic cellular catabolism and melanomacrophages (MMs) of five anuran species in the Brazilian Cerrado. Methods We collected the same five species of pond-dwelling frogs in one protected area and in an area with intense agricultural activity. We used routine histological and histochemical techniques to quantify the area occupied by lipofuscin, melanin, and hemosiderin in the liver of two frogs Leptodactylus fuscus, Physalaemus cuvieri, and three tree-frogs Dendropsophus minutus, Scinax fuscomarginatus, and Boana albopunctata. We classified land use types in a buffer around each pond based on satellite images. We then used a double-constrained Correspondence Analysis, a recently developed ecological method to relate functional traits to environmental variables, to test the effect of each land use type on the area of each liver pigment. Results There was an increase in the amount of melanin in environments with high proportion of agriculture, as well as variation in the amount of lipofuscin and hemosiderin. Liver pigments of P. cuvieri and B. albopunctata varied more strongly in response to land use types, suggesting they could be good indicator species. Therefore, the area of MMs in the liver and the metabolic products in their cytoplasm can be used as biomarkers of environmental changes in regions with intense agricultural activities. Our results add a new perspective to the influence of land use patterns on environmental health by highlighting the effect of environmental changes on internal morphological aspects of animals.

Environmental changes and ancient long-term wet field management schemes: A preliminary case study of the Daepyeongri site, locality 3-1-D, South Korea

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1979-1991
Author(s):  
Youngrong Moon ◽  
Hong-Jong Lee ◽  
Heejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Bronze Age

Large-scale excavations between 2012 and 2015 at the Daepyeongri site on the floodplain of the River Geumgang have revealed the presence of an ancient complex settlement comprising houses, extensive agricultural fields, and pits that have been dated to between the Bronze Age and the early Three Kingdoms periods. The beginning and end of the occupation of this site and land-use patterns are assumed to have been associated with its natural environment. The pollen records presented in this study show that wet conditions continued throughout the time that this site was occupied, evidenced by the consistent appearance of Alnus, while there are nevertheless hints of some land reclamation from the Bronze Age onwards. More intensive agricultural activities that took place during this later period are evidenced by an increase in the abundance of NAP pollens related to cultivation including Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Bistorta, Compositae and Fagopyrum. At the end of the occupation period, an abrupt transition to wetter conditions is recognized while dry land condition had been prevalent for some time in other parts of the site. Microscopic examination of buried cultivated soils that evidence multiple phases of ancient field systems has enabled the identification of pedological traces of discrete cultivation patterns and shows that they changed over time. The recognition of micro-structures and associated features shows that seasonally flooded wetland was first utilized during the early phase (the Bronze Age), and that more intensified irrigation management was seen during the late phase (the time span encompassed by the proto-Kingdoms and Three Kingdoms periods). These data reveal evidence for intensive hydromorphic degradation and enable a robust recognition of settlement history and an enhanced understanding of the intensity of various land-use patterns, and landscape changes from both environmental and archaeological perspectives.

scholarly journals New migration and distribution patterns of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) around Nunavik (Québec, Canada) identified using Inuit Knowledge

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Martinez-Levasseur ◽  
Chris M. Furgal ◽  
Mike O. Hammill ◽  
Dominique A. Henri ◽  
Gary Burness
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus ◽  
Inuit Knowledge ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus Rosmarus ◽  
Atlantic Walrus

AbstractEnvironmental changes are affecting the Arctic at an unprecedented rate, but limited scientific knowledge exists on their impacts on species such as walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Inuit Traditional and Local Ecological Knowledge (Inuit TEK/LEK) held by Inuit walrus harvesters could shed light on walrus ecology and related environmental changes. Our main objective was to study spatial and temporal changes in Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) distribution in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada) using Inuit TEK/LEK. To do so, we documented the knowledge and observations of 33 local hunters and Elders as part of a larger project on Atlantic walruses in Nunavik. We first gathered information on changes in Inuit land use patterns and harvesting practices through time and space, which was a crucial step to avoid potential biases in interpreting local observations on walrus distribution. We found that walrus hunters are now covering smaller hunting areas over shorter time periods, reducing in space and time their observations of Atlantic walruses around Nunavik. While clearly taking these limitations into account, we learned from interviews that some areas abandoned by Atlantic walruses in the past were now being re-occupied. Importantly, Atlantic walruses, which migrate following the melting ice, are now traveling along the eastern coast of Nunavik one month earlier, suggesting that Atlantic walrus migration has changed due to variations in sea-ice coverage around Nunavik. Our study not only highlighted important changes in Atlantic walrus distribution and migration in Nunavik, but also sheds light on the importance of documenting temporal and spatial changes in Inuit land use patterns and harvesting practices to understand the ecology of Arctic species using Inuit Knowledge.

Teachers Characteristics, Related factors and Environmental Education Curriculum Implementation in Secondary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
Eneji Chris-Valentine Ogar ◽  
Petters Janet Sunday ◽  
Onnoghen Usang Nkanu ◽  
Asuquo Edung Etim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State

This study assessed the influence of teacher’s characteristics and other related factors in the implementation of Environmental Education curriculum in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research designs were used, survey inferential and Expost facto research design. The study is located in the department of Environmental Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Two research questions converted into two hypotheses were formulated for the study.  A sample of three hundred (300) respondents were selected using the multistage random sampling technique comprising of twenty five (25) lecturers and two hundred and seventy five (275) postgraduate and final year undergraduate students in the department of Environmental Education, University of Calabar. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, the instrument administration was done by the researchers and same were collected 100%. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level and 298 and 290 degrees of freedom respectively. The result shows that teacher’s characteristics do significantly influence Environmental Education curriculum implementation in secondary schools. The regression analysis also shows that 6 factors listed impedes the implementation of Environmental Education curriculum, while four were not significant factors influencing Environmental Education curriculum in secondary schools. It was however recommended that teachers with competence in pedagogic knowledge of Environmental Education with classroom management skill should be employed to drive the process, while arrangement should be put in place to make Environmental Education a subject for students to offer and write in final senior secondary school examination among other.

Nutrient-Use Patterns in Nursery Crops

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557a-557
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Rose ◽  
Barbara Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Practical Constraints

Long-standing fertilizer recommendations for field-grown nursery and landscape ornamentals are based on maximizing growth, not nutrient efficiency. Further, these recommendations fall short because of failure to consider 1) the extent of crop nutrient removal, 2) varying nutrient retention characteristics of soils across the United States, and 3) a body of research that suggests that woody ornamentals have a limited response to fertilization under most soil conditions. Concern for the environmental impact of fertilization justifies a reevaluation of current nursery fertilization practices, as well a discussion of the practical constraints on the adoption of new approaches, e.g., nutrient demand-driven fertilization. Research on the nutrient use patterns of woody plants will be reviewed with emphasis on implications for increasing fertilization efficiency. OSU research on water availability and nutrient-use interactions also will be presented.

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