scholarly journals THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTATION PATTERN AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF SIGELENG RIVER ESTUARY IN RANDUSANGA KULON VILLAGE BREBES DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Atiyah Barkah ◽  
Dwi Sri Wiyanti ◽  
Taufik Dwi Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Base Elevation

Sigeleng River Estuary is located in Brebes Regency. The mouth of Sigeleng River Estuary suffering morphological change that caused by the sand spit that close the mouth of river estuary and creating deflection. The results of  characteristics test of the sediment from the estuary of Sigeleng River shows that the average density is 2.228 kg/l and the average particle diameter (D60) is 0.466 mm. On the other hand the largest result of total suspended solid test of the sediment samples is 1.58 mg/l. According to USDA,  the soil texture in B location is Silt Loam and in A and C location are Sandy Loam. SED2D modeling that performed for 720 hours that assumed as 1 year shows a base elevation change that is 11,79%-30,20%  in the river estuary mouth at the existing condition Sediment cumulation that occurred around the mouth of the Sigeleng River Estuary within 5 years is 0.007 m - 2,560 m, while the depth of the Sigeleng River Estuary is only -3.00 m. Therefore, a treatment by dredging the sediment aroud the mouth of Sigeleng River Estuary is needed so that the river estuary is not closed.

scholarly journals REMOTE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) TRANSPORT AFFECTED BY TIDAL BORE “BONO” OF KAMPAR BIG RIVER ESTUARY USING LANDSAT 8 OLI IMAGERY

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulung Jantama Wisha ◽  
Ruzana Dhiauddin ◽  
Gunardi Kusumah
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Tidal Bore

The Kampar River estuary has a unique tidal bore, namely Bono. A tidal bore is a natural phenomenon caused by the tidal flow which meet the flow of the river. Tidal bore "Bono" has an impact on the transport of suspended particles which is pretty much along the Kampar River. The purpose of this study is to determine the estimated concentration of total suspended solid in the river as the result of the transport by Bono in Kampar River estuary by Landsat 8 OLI. The primary data are Landsat 8 OLI sensor – on Path 126 and Row 60, recording date was on 23 -04-2016, which was analyzed spatially – and TSS in situ. The secondary data are tide forecasting data and topographical map of Indonesia. Distribution of total suspended solid indicates sediment transport and its distribution by TSS values ranged between 10-150 mg.L-1 and TSS in situ value ranged between 42-241 mg.L-1. Tidal range ranged from 0.78 to 4.2 m and current velocity ranged from 0-0.9 m.s-1, which generate tidal bore extending from the mouth to the river body, resulting in suspended particle transport along the river. TSS concentration is higher in the river estuary.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Citra Sentinel-2 untuk Pemetaan Sebaran Material Padatan Tersuspensi Di Muara Sungai Wulan Demak

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Bayu Adi Prasetiyo ◽  
Baskoro Rochaddi ◽  
Alfi Satriadi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Quality Assessments ◽  
Sentinel 2

ABSTRAK : Sungai Wulan yang terletak di Kabupaten Demak digunakan masyarakat sebagai jalur keluar dan masuknya kapal nelayan serta saluran pembuangan utama. Hal tersebut berdampak pada besarnya kandungan material padatan tersuspensi yang terdapat pada sungai. Pengamatan sebaran material padatan tersuspensi dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui pola sedimentasi dan penilaian kualitas air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran material padatan tersuspensi di muara Sungai Wulan menggunakan metode pengindraan jauh. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah citra satelit Sentinel-2 dan konsentrasi material padatan tersuspensi hasil uji gravimetri. Pengolahan data menggunakan algoritma Lemigas (1997), Budhiman (2004), Parwati (2006), Laili (2015) dan Metode Regresi (Linear, Eksponensial dan Logaritmik). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi material padatan tersuspensi di sekitar muara relatif rendah, sedangkan konsentrasi yang tinggi terdapat di arah timur muara sungai atau di daerah yang berupa teluk. Algoritma yang memiliki nilai error terkecil adalah algoritma Metode Regresi dengan MRE sebesar 10,12% dengan nilai RMSE sebesar 4,3493. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat, dapat disimpulkan jika algoritma Metode Regresi merupakan algoritma yang paling sesuai untuk pemetaan sebaran material padatan tersuspensi di muara Sungai Wulan, Demak. ABSTRACT : The Wulan River which located in Demak Regency is used by people as an entrance point for fishing boats and the main sewers. These have an impact on the amount of total suspended solid contained in the river. Observation about the distribution of total suspended solid is needed to determine sedimentation patterns and water quality assessments. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of total suspended solid at the Wulan River estuary using remote sensing method. The data used in this study is Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the concentration of total suspended solid from gravimetric test. Processing data using Lemigas algorithm (1997), Budhiman (2004), Parwati (2006), Laili (2015) and Regression Method (Linear, Exponential and Logarithm). The results of data analysis show that the total suspended solids distribution at the estuary is relatively low, while the high consentration of total suspended solid is found at the east of the river estuary or in the area that form a bay. Algorithm that has the smallest error value is the regression algorithm with MRE value is 10.12% and RMSE value is 4.3493. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the algorithm with regression method is the most suitable algorithm for mapping the distribution of total suspended solid at the mouth of the Wulan River, Demak.  

Efektivitas Biokoagulan Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras dan Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Balbisiana ABB) dalam Menurunkan Turbiditas, TDS, dan TSS dari Limbah Cair Industri Farmasi

al-Kimiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Hesty Nuur Hanifah ◽  
Ginayanti Hadisoebroto ◽  
Turyati Turyati ◽  
Ineu Sintia Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Musa Balbisiana

Koagulasi merupakan tahap awal dalam proses pengolahan limbah cair. Salah satu industri yang berpotensi untuk menimbulkan pencemaran air bila limbah cairnya tidak dikelola dengan baik adalah industri farmasi. Cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok merupakan limbah padat yang belum termanfaatkan, padahal kedua bahan tersebut mengandung zat-zat yang bisa membantu dalam proses koagulasi. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk mengembangkan biokoagulan dari cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok sebagai biokoagulan dalam menurunkan nilai turbiditas, TDS (Total Disolved Solid) dan TSS (Total Suspended Solid) dari limbah cair industri farmasi. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jartest. Sampel air limbah yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini yaitu sampel air limbah industri farmasi dari PT Sinkona Indonesia Lestari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa biokoagulan cangkang telur ayam mempunyai dosis optimum yaitu 50 g/500 mL dan pada pH optimum 8 terjadi penurunan turbiditas sebesar 81,18%, TDS sebesar 24,3% dan TSS sebesar 82,05%. Sedangkan  biokoagulan kulit pisang kepok mempunyai dosis optimum 5 g/500 ml dan pada pH optimum 2 terjadi penurunan  turbiditas sebesar   94,9%, TDS 51,3% dan TSS  83,2%. Dari data tersebut bisa disimpulkan bahwa cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai biokoagulan untuk pengolahan limbah cair dari industri farmasi.

Adsorption of safranine T from aqueous medium by nano mesoporous MCM-41: adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong Li ◽  
Qing-Zhou Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamics ◽  
Safranine T ◽  
Mcm 41

Introduction: In industrial production, a small amount of saffron T emissions will cause increase of water color and increase of chemical oxygen consumption, so study of the decolorization of saffron T wastewater has an important practical significance. Methods: MCM (Mobil Composition of Matter)-41 molecular sieve was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Power Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the sample. Safranine T dye was adsorbed from water by the MCM-41 prepared. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption were studied. Results: The MCM-41 sample presented spherical particles and regular. The BET (Brunner-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area of the sample determined by 77 K low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm was 932 m2 /g. Its average particle diameter was 110 nm. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) results showed that the sample structure presented a honeycomb pore structure and the average pore diameter was 3.0 nm. The results showed that when room temperature was 20 ± 1 ℃, adsorbate safranine T: adsorbent MCM-41 = 20 : 1，the optimum pH value of adsorption was 4.0 and contact time was 20 min, the adsorption rate reached 98.29% and the adsorption capacity was 19.66 mg/g. The entropy change and enthalpy change of the adsorption system are respectively ΔS0 = 157.5 J/(mol·K); ΔH0 = 21.544 kJ/mol. When temperature was 277.15, 293.15, 303.15 K，the free energy change was respectively △G1 0 = -22.107 kJ/mol, △G2 0 = -24.627 kJ/mol, △G3 0 = -26.202 kJ/mol. Conclusion: The adsorption of safranine T by MCM-41 belongs to a pseudo-second-order adsorption. This adsorption accords with the Freundlich equation and belongs to a heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption is an endothermic reaction of entropy increase, being spontaneous.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Nanohydroxyapatite-Enriched Hydrogen Peroxide Home Bleaching System on Color, Hardness and Microstructure of Dental Enamel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Riccardo Monterubbianesi ◽  
Vincenzo Tosco ◽  
Tiziano Bellezze ◽  
Giampaolo Giuliani ◽  
Mutlu Özcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Enamel Microstructure ◽  
Prismatic Structure ◽  
20 Nm

This study aimed to evaluate two hydrogen peroxide (HP)-based at-home bleaching systems in order to analyze whether nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) addition may represent a reliable and safe solution for tooth whitening without altering dental microstructure and hardness. Human third molars (N = 15) were treated with two bleaching agents, one containing 6%HP (6HP) and the other 6% HP nHA-enriched (6HP-nHA) with average particle diameter ranging from 5–20 nm. Their effects on enamel were assessed using a spectrophotometer, Vickers microhardness (VMH) test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), comparing the treated groups with the non-treated control group (CTR). Color analysis revealed improvement in whiteness in both groups compared to CTR. VMH test results showed no differences among the groups. SEM analysis highlighted no evident changes in the enamel microstructure of tested groups compared to CTR. At high magnification, in 6HP group, a slight increase in irregularities of enamel surface morphology was observed, while 6HP-nHA group displayed removal of the aprismatic layer but preservation of the intact prismatic structure. These results suggest that the 6HP-nHA agent may be recommended to provide reliable whitening treatment, without damaging the enamel micromorphology and hardness.

Characteristics of sludge reduction in an integrated pretreatment and aerobic digestion process

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hwang ◽  
H. Jang ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
J. Song ◽  
S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Sludge Reduction ◽  
Aerobic Digestion ◽  
Cake Volume ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Feasible Alternative

In this study, integrated pretreatments and aerobic digestion processes were investigated in order to provide a feasible alternative that can achieve effective sludge reduction. An ozone treatment in the presence of ionic manganese, a catalyst, increased the sludge reduction ratio three times higher than that of a single ozonation, presumably due to an increase in OH radical production. The ozone treatment yielded the effective sludge reduction ratio with an increasing ozone dosage, and an effective dosage of the catalyst was found to be 4 mg-Mn/g-TS. When a mechanical pretreatment and an ozone/catalyst were applied in a series, the integrated process, even at a half mechanical intensity and a half level of ozone dosage, showed higher and faster sludge reduction than each single process did. In addition, the integrated pretreatment process showed the highest dewaterability of the treated sludges. A ratio of sludge cake generation, which was newly introduced to quantify overall performance of sludge treatment processes, showed that the integrated pretreatment followed by the aerobic digestion yielded approximately a half of the sludge cake volume compared to the single aerobic digestion. Therefore, the integrated pretreatment can be a feasible method for the effective reduction of total suspended solid and the final volume.

An Efficient Immersed Boundary Method Based on Penalized Direct Forcing for Simulating Flows Through Real Porous Media

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim-Paul Breugem ◽  
Vincent van Dijk ◽  
René Delfos
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Immersed Boundary Method ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solid Volume Fraction ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Boundary Method ◽  
Direct Forcing

A computationally efficient Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) based on penalized direct forcing was employed to determine the permeability of a real porous medium. The porous medium was composed of about 9000 glass beads with an average particle diameter of 1.93 mm and a porosity of 0.367. The forcing of the IBM depends on the local solid volume fraction within a computational grid cell. The latter could be obtained from a high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the packing. An experimental facility was built to determine the permeability of the packing experimentally. Numerical simulations were performed for the same packing based on the data from the CT scan. For a scan resolution of 0.1 mm the numerical value for the permeability was nearly 70% larger than the experimental value. An error analysis indicated that the scan resolution of 0.1 mm was too coarse for this packing.

scholarly journals Dispersal of persistent organic pollutants from fiber-contaminated sediments: biotic and abiotic pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Dahlberg ◽  
Anna Apler ◽  
Paul Frogner-Kockum ◽  
Gunnel Göransson ◽  
Ian Snowball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Resuspension

Abstract Purpose Numerous sites contaminated with fiber emissions from pulp and paper industries are found in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, but there is limited knowledge about the magnitude of dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from these anthropogenic, organic-rich sediments called fiberbanks. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare different POP dispersal pathways from such fiberbanks. Dispersal mechanisms studied included abiotic and biotic routes (dissolved in water, particle-bound, and bioaccumulation). Materials and methods Contaminated fibrous sediments located in Ångermanälven River estuary in north-eastern Sweden were studied in sediment types representing different fiber content (i.e., fiberbanks, fiber-rich sediments, and less fiber impacted sediments). Sediment-to-water fluxes of dissolved contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) were measured in situ using benthic flux chambers. Particle resuspension was measured by sampling bottom water, before and after disturbing the sediment surface. Benthic biota was collected to determine the body burden of contaminants and to determine biota-pore water accumulation factors (BAFPW) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). In addition, concentrations of dissolved POPs in the water column were measured in field using passive samplers. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Results and discussion The flux of dissolved Σ20PCBs was approximately two times higher from one of the investigated fiberbanks (3.4 ng m− 2 day− 1) compared to the other. The average particle burden of PCBs was also higher at this fiberbank after artificial disturbance (15 ng g−1 particle), which indicates that larger amounts of contaminants are likely to disperse via particle resuspension from this site compared to the other fiberbank (4.8 ng g− 1 particle). The difference might be associated with a layer of recently settled minerogenic material that covers one of the fiberbanks, which probably functions as a protective barrier. The lack of benthic biota implies that contaminant release by bioturbation is negligible in the studied fiberbanks. However, benthic biota from fiber-rich sediment showed bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants. Conclusions The importance of diffusive flux from fiberbanks under undisturbed conditions became apparent when the different dispersal pathways were quantified. However, no dispersal pathway could be judged as irrelevant, since even under undisturbed conditions, advective particle transport was significant. Additionally, the uptake by biota and trophic transfer can be considerable. Quantification of dispersal routes and understanding of the relative importance of various pathways is critical for proper risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments.

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