scholarly journals Design, Analysis and Manufacturing Polymer Fiber Reinforced Composite Helical Spring

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Hadeer Abdul Rasol Hamed ◽  
Mahmud Rasheed Ismail ◽  
Abdul Rahman Najam
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Steel Spring ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Compression Spring

In this work it had been focused on the possibility of replacement of steel spring in suspension system by fiber reinforced polymer composite that is responsible for light weight of spring which leads to reduces the weight of vehicle and improve fuel efficiency. This type of spring used in motor cycles, light weight vehicle.  The design will be simulated by ANSYS workbench. Then, E-Glass fiber has been used to fabricate helical compression spring of 40%   fiber volume fraction of glass. with polyester resin. The deflection of glass reinforced composite spring is more than steel spring but within permissible limit. weight of composite spring is reduced by 57% than of steel.

Effect of fiber prestressing on mechanical properties of glass fiber epoxy composites manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed M Selim ◽  
Haibin Ning ◽  
Selvum Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fiber Waviness ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

The mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites depend on several aspects such as the characteristics of constituents, fiber volume fraction, and manufacturing techniques. Fiber prestressing is considered a very attractive manufacturing technique that can be used to produce fiber-reinforced polymer composites with high mechanical properties. This technique has the potential to eliminate or reduce some manufacturing problems like fiber waviness. In the present study, a new approach was used to prepare prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Unidirectional E-glass fiber-stitched mats were impregnated with epoxy matrix through vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. Once the infusion was done, a pre-calculated tensile force was applied to the fiber mats through a hydraulic tensile machine. The impregnated fiber mats were left under tension and vacuum during curing of the epoxy matrix (24 h). Five prestressed samples were prepared by using five different prestressing levels 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 MPa. In addition, non-prestressed (control) sample was prepared for the purpose of comparison. The influence of fiber prestressing on fiber waviness, fiber volume fraction, and void content was investigated. Flexural, tensile, and compression tests were performed to observe the effect of fiber prestressing on the mechanical properties. The results have shown the success of this new approach in producing prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer composites with high mechanical properties comparing to non-prestressed composites. The microstructure analysis has shown dramatical reduction in fiber waviness for the prestressed samples over control sample. All prestressed samples have shown higher fiber volume fraction and lower void content comparing to the control sample. Also the results have shown as the prestressing level increases, fiber volume fraction increase and void content decreases. Prestressing levels of 40 and 60 MPa were found to be the best candidates, they have led to an increase in tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength by 24.2%, 72.5%, 28% and 28.6%, 100.4%, 26.1%, respectively, comparing to the non-prestressed sample. Ease of implementation and promising results of this new approach would attract the attention toward it. Automotive industry is one potential nominee to apply this approach during manufacturing of fiber-reinforced polymer leaf spring.

Fatigue damage analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer composites—A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 636-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Touhid Alam Ansari ◽  
Kalyan Kumar Singh ◽  
Mohammad Sikandar Azam
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are becoming suitable and substantial materials in the repair and replacement of conventional metallic materials because of their high strength and stiffness. These composites undergo various types of static and fatigue loads during service. One of the major tests that conventional and composite materials have to experience is fatigue test. It refers to the testing for the cyclic behavior of materials. Composite materials are different from metals, as they indicate a distinct behavior under fatigue loading. The fatigue damage and failure mechanisms are more intricate in composite materials than in metals in which a crack initiates and propagates up to fracture. In composite materials, several micro-cracks initiate at the primary stage of the fatigue growth, resulting in the initiation of various types of fatigue damage. Fiber volume fraction is an important parameter to describe a composite laminate. The fatigue strength increases with the increase of the fiber volume fraction to a certain level and then decreases because of the lack of enough resin to grip the fibers. The fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites depends on various factors, e.g., constituent materials, manufacturing process, hysteresis heating, fiber orientation, type of loading, interface properties, frequency, mean stress, environment. This review paper explores the effects of various parameters like fiber type, fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction, etc. on the fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites.

The Effect of the Chopped Fibers on the Damping Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Skins of the Polypropylene Honeycomb Sandwich Panel

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
P. Nagasankar ◽  
S. Balasivanandha Prabu ◽  
Velmurugan Ramachandran ◽  
R. Paskaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Half Power

The dynamic characteristics of fiber reinforced polymer skins with the alternate arrangement of continuous and chopped fibers on the polypropylene honeycomb core are investigated. It is envisaged that the damping could be improved by splitting the length of fiber into different short lengths so that more energy can be dissipated. The dynamic characteristics of FRP specimens with different forms of fibers were studied. The fibers were considered in the following five groups:, all continuous fibers, alternate arrangement of continuous and two chopped fibers, the same with three chopped fibers, four chopped fibers, and the five chopped fibers in. The natural frequencies and damping loss factors were evaluated by using the impulse technique with the half power band width method. The results revealed that for a given fiber volume fraction the damping could be improved by reducing the length of fibers.

Tensile Behaviour of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizah, N. A. K. ◽  
Hussin, M. W. ◽  
Jamaludin, M. Y. ◽  
Bhutta, M. A. R. ◽  
Ismail, M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Natural fiber is usually used as reinforcement in polymeric materials, and short fibers are commonly used for non-structural applications. However, the lack of studies on long fiber reinforced polymeric materials, especially kenaf fiber, has limited its usage in Malaysia. This paper presents the experimental results of a series of tensile tests conducted on continuous kenaf fibers produced with different types of thermoset resin (epoxy, polyester, and vinyl ester) arranged longitudinally. A total of 75 kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites containing up to 50% fiber volume fraction including 15 neat samples as control samples were produced. Then, the samples were tested using Universal Testing Machine to obtain their tensile behaviour. Results indicated that the composites’ performance increased gradually with every increment of fiber volume fraction. Factors affecting the tensile behaviour of kenaf fiber reinforced polymers are also explained and discussed. In conclusion, kenaf fiber can be used as reinforcing materials in polymeric materials.  

scholarly journals A deteriorating model for the prediction of elastic modulus of the aging fiber reinforced polymer under complex environmental effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-595
Author(s):  
Yi Luo ◽  
Senwei Xia ◽  
Xinqian Peng ◽  
Yuye Xu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Energy Principle ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

The fiber reinforced polymer is popularly applied for structural reinforcement and, however, usually suffers from long-term environmental effects, for example exposed to the ultraviolet radiation, alternating changes of moist-heat, and submerged in water chronically. As a result, the material aging and structural performance degradation are inevitable, which could eventually lead to the deterioration of mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced polymer, hence the attenuation or failure of repaired structures. It is very expensive and time consuming to use the experimental method to find out the aging patterns of fiber reinforced polymer. For fiber reinforced polymer with different volume fraction, the upper and lower limit of elastic modulus can be deduced by the energy principle. Combining this theory with tests, a semi-empirical deteriorating method can be used to analyze the change of fiber reinforced polymer mechanics behavior. And a series of empirical coefficients, determined by natural aging tests, are introduced. The coefficients are applied in the revised formula for the prediction of mechanics behaviors of fiber reinforced polymer. The elastic modulus of deteriorating fiber reinforced polymer is influenced by the fiber, the resin matrix, and the volume fraction of the fiber. For different fiber volume fraction, the experimental test is not the unique way to assess the durability of fiber reinforced polymer, as long as the laws of fiber aging, the laws of resin aging, and the fiber volume fraction are already known. The proposed model shows good agreement with the test results, hence can be used to predict the elastic modulus of aging fiber reinforced polymer, which can be utilized as references for engineering design and research in the future.

scholarly journals Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipen Rajak ◽  
Durgesh Pagar ◽  
Pradeep Menezes ◽  
Emanoil Linul
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Composites have been found to be the most promising and discerning material available in this century. Presently, composites reinforced with fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining more importance as demands for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications are growing in the market. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers not only high strength to weight ratio, but also reveals exceptional properties such as high durability; stiffness; damping property; flexural strength; and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These wide ranges of diverse features have led composite materials to find applications in mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other manufacturing industries. Performance of composite materials predominantly depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques, therefore, functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials need to be studied in order to figure out the optimized characteristic of the material for the desired application. An overview of a diverse range of fibers, their properties, functionality, classification, and various fiber composite manufacturing techniques is presented to discover the optimized fiber-reinforced composite material for significant applications. Their exceptional performance in the numerous fields of applications have made fiber-reinforced composite materials a promising alternative over solitary metals or alloys.

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