Thermodynamics of real polymer solutions in the new Rényi and Tsallis formalism

The generalized non-ideality factor of systems (GNF) was introduced into the Renyi and Tsallis information entropy equations, and new expressions were obtained for information and thermodynamic entropies with a fractional moment of the order entropy gS and thermodynamic gth nonideality factors. Equations in formalism of Renyi and Tsallis: The equations describe self-organized structures of essentially non-equilibrium systems and can be used in studying the topological and conformational properties of solutions of high-molecular compounds. GNF: where is are relative average characteristics (pi are statistical probabilities) of opposite processes. Factor g varies in the range 0 ≤ g ≤ 2 and depends on which of the competitive processes prevails. An algorithm for calculating the thermodynamic functions of the state of the system under study is presented. The equations are intended for calculating the thermodynamic functions of objects of fractal nature, including real solutions of synthetic and natural highmolecular compounds of plant and animal origin (hyper branched structures, dendrimers, lignins, biological systems, dendrites, systems of internal organs, blood vessels, etc.).

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Power-Law Phenomena in Adhesive De-Bonding

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-458-357 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 458 ◽

Author(s):

G. Kendall ◽

P. J. Cote ◽

D. Crayon ◽

F. J. Bonetto

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Characteristic Length ◽

Power Laws ◽

Structural Features ◽

Fractal Nature ◽

Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽

Self Organized ◽

Pressure Sensitive ◽

Self Organized Criticality ◽

Glass Interface

ABSTRACTAcoustic emission (AE) events were recorded during the peeling of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape from a silicate glass surface. The distributions of AE event durations and energies are found to have the form of power laws. Power-law dependencies (hyperbolic distributions) are recognized as a consequence of self-organized criticality (SOC), resulting from the absence of any characteristic length or time scales. In these studies, standard optical microscopy was used to characterize the fractal nature of the PSA-glass interface. The present results suggest that it is the inherent static structural features found at the fractal PSA-glass interface which produce the observed hyperbolic distributions in AE events, rather than a true SOC process.

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The infrared, Raman and NMR spectra, conformational properties and values for the ideal gas thermodynamic functions of cis- and trans-1,2-cyclobutanedicarbonitrile

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular Spectroscopy ◽

10.1016/0584-8539(83)80104-4 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 541-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David A.C. Compton ◽

Janice L. Greene ◽

Mary Ann S. Hazle ◽

Jeanette G. Grasselli

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Functions ◽

Nmr Spectra ◽

Ideal Gas ◽

Conformational Properties ◽

Cis And Trans ◽

The Ideal

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MODELING THE PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE Tl9SmTe6–Tl4PbTe3 AND Tl9SmTe6–Tl9BiTe6 SYSTEMS

Azerbaijan Chemical Journal ◽

10.32737/0005-2531-2020-4-12-16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

S.Z. Imamaliyeva ◽

◽

G.I. Alakbarzade ◽

A.N. Mamedov ◽

M.B. Babanly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Phase Diagrams ◽

Solid Solutions ◽

Thermodynamic Functions ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Regular Solutions ◽

Uncertainty Band ◽

Equilibrium Phases ◽

Molecular Compounds

Using the multipurpose genetic algorithm, the analytical models of phase diagrams of the Tl9SmTe6–Tl8Pb2Te6 and Tl9SmTe6–Tl9BiTe6 systems as temperature dependencies of compositions of the equilibrium phases were obtained. The boundaries of the uncertainty band for the liquidus and solidus curves of solid solutions are determined. According to the model of regular solutions of non-molecular compounds, the thermodynamic functions of mixing solid solutions depending on the composition and temperature are determined. It was found that solid solutions based on the Tl9SmTe6, Tl8Pb2Te6 and Tl9BiTe6 compounds are thermodynamically stabile in the whole concentration range

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Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Lucio Tonello ◽

Luca Giacobbi ◽

Alberto Pettenon ◽

Alessandro Scuotto ◽

Massimo Cocchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Problem Behaviors ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

The Self ◽

Network Structures ◽

Self Organized ◽

Critical Equilibrium ◽

Self Organized Criticality ◽

Acute Agitation ◽

Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

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The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20200097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 365-381

Author(s):

Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽

Sarah Guth ◽

Angelo Andrianiaina ◽

Santino Andry ◽

Anecia Gentles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Material ◽

Field Research ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Past Century ◽

The Past ◽

Novel Host ◽

Horseshoe Bat ◽

Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Dynamics of Self-Organized and Self-Assembled Structures

10.1017/cbo9780511609725 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Rashmi C. Desai ◽

Raymond Kapral

Keyword(s):

Self Organized ◽

Self Assembled

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Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000183 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 25-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guangwen Tang

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Provitamin A ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Plant Food ◽

Plant Foods ◽

A Value ◽

Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽

Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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