scholarly journals Influence of glucocorticoid hormones on the thyroid gland function

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
E. A. Gusakova ◽  
I. V. Gorodetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Interaction With Receptors

The injection of exogenous analogues of glucocorticoid hormones (cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, etc.) leads to a change in thyroid function at all levels (biosynthesis and secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland, the transport, interaction with receptors in target organs, biological action, their metabolism and excretion). Glucocorticoid hormones change regulationof the thyroid function: transhypophysially (glucocorticoids block the secretion of thyroliberin, thyroid stimulating hormone, corticotropin releasing hormone, somatoliberin and the production of somatotropin under the influence of the last one) and parahypophysially (glucocorticoids stimulate formation of insulin in β-cells of the pancreas).

scholarly journals Role of the Thyroid Gland in Expression of the Thyroid Phenotype of Sbp2-Deficient Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Fujisawa ◽  
Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri ◽  
Jiao Fu ◽  
Xiao-Hui Liao ◽  
Alexandra M Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Bovine Thyroid ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2, SBP2 (SECISBP2), is required for selenoprotein synthesis. Partial SBP2 deficiency syndrome manifests characteristic thyroid function tests. The Sbp2 deficiency mouse model, Sbp2 inducible conditional knockout (iCKO), replicates this thyroid phenotype and was used for pathophysiologic investigations. As selenoproteins have an antioxidative role in thyroid gland function, their deficiencies have potential to affect thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis. Sbp2 iCKO mice had larger thyroids relative to body weight and increased thyroidal thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) content while 5' deiodinases enzymatic activities were decreased. Possible mechanisms for the discrepancy between the increased thyroidal T3 and normal circulating T3 were investigated in dynamic experiments. Treatment with bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) resulted in increased delta T4 in Sbp2 iCKO mice, indicating increased availability of preformed thyroidal TH. Next, the recovery of TH levels was evaluated after withdrawal of chemical suppression. At one day, Sbp2 iCKO mice had higher serum and thyroidal T3 concomitant with lower TSH, confirming increased capacity of TH synthesis in Sbp2 deficiency. Decreased TH secretion was ruled out as serum and thyroidal TH were high in Sbp2 iCKO mice. Treatment with a low-iodine diet also ruled out thyroidal secretion defect as both serum levels and thyroidal TH content similarly declined over time in Sbp2-deficient mice compared to wild-type (Wt) mice. This study provides evidence for unsuspected changes in the thyroid gland that contribute to the thyroid phenotype of Sbp2 deficiency, with increased thyroidal T4 and T3 content in the setting of increased TH synthesis capacity contributing to the circulating TH levels while thyroidal secretion is preserved.

scholarly journals Thyroid function and aging: gender-related differences

2001 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
VM da Costa ◽  
DG Moreira ◽  
D Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Type I ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The effects of aging on human or animal thyroid function are still not well defined. We evaluated some aspects of thyroid function during aging using an animal model (young and old Dutch-Miranda rats). In old rats of both genders, serum thyroxine (T4) decreased but serum thyrotrophin (TSH) remained unaltered, suggesting a disturbance in the pituitary-thyroid feedback mechanism during aging. Serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) only decreased in old males, possibly because female rats are almost twice as efficient in hepatic T4 to T3 deiodination. Thyroidal T4-5'-deiodinase activity did not change much during aging, although it decreased slightly in males. Thyroidal iodothyronine-deiodinase type I mRNA expression but not total thyroidal enzymatic activity were higher in female than in male rats. Thus, ovarian/testicular hormones may modulate the expression and/or the activity of hepatic and thyroidal type I iodothyronine-deiodinase. Thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) expression were higher in young male rats than in females. In males, TPO and Tg gene expression decreased with aging, suggesting that androgens might increase their expression. Our results showed that aging induces real changes in rat thyroid gland function and regulation, affecting at least pituitary, thyroid and liver functions. Furthermore, some of these changes were gender related, indicating that gonadal hormones may modulate thyroid gland function and regulation.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN D IN KIDNEY FUNCTION AND THYROID GLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 924-929
Author(s):  
Al-Sa'ady & Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Healthy Individual ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Renal Patient

This study was aimed to determine the role of vitamin D on renal function and thyroid gland. Eighty blood samples were collected (20 patients and 20 healthy) of different sex with different ages (28-88) years from Baghdad's hospitals to study the renal function, as well as samples from (20 patients and 20 healthy) of different sex with various ages (12-62) years were collected to study the thyroid gland function. The blood samples of kidney were tested for urea, creatinine and vitamin D, whereas other samples tested for Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroxine (T4), and Tri-iodothyronine (T3), and vitamin D. The results were shown that 70.4% from renal patients have vitamin D deficiency, whereas 29.6% of a healthy individual also suffering from vitamin D difficult. Furthermore, the relative risk (RR) was 9.15 of cohort renal patient. On the other hand, there were weak correlation between gender and age with vitamin D level. Also, the results reveal that 84.6 % of patient with thyroid were suffering from vitamin D deficient and 15.4 % of healthy individual also suffering from vitamin D deficient, therefor the relative risk (RR) was 2.54 of cohort thyroid patient. And there were no significant relationship between gender, age with vitamin D level in patient with thyroid.

scholarly journals Seasonal influence on the thyroid gland in healthy dogs of various breeds in different weights

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Fialkovičová ◽  
Silvia Mardzinová ◽  
Marta Benková ◽  
Jana Mojžišová ◽  
Monika Gaálová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of seasonal ambient temperature on the thyroid gland function in terms of serum total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations in healthy dogs of various breeds living outdoors and to compare them with those living indoors in flats and houses. The monitoring was conducted for 5 years and our study included 162 indoor dogs and 148 outdoor dogs of both sexes from 2 to 12 years of age, categorised into 3 groups according to their body weight: large (n = 17), medium (n = 16) and small (n = 17) breeds. Comparison of the seasonal serum TT4 and fT4 concentrations in both the indoor and outdoor dogs confirmed their fluctuation in relation to the ambient temperature in all weight groups with the lowest average of TT4 and fT4 concentrations recorded in summer and the highest ones in winter. In dogs kept outdoors, the fluctuation of hormone values was significant (P < 0.05). Seasonal serum cTSH fluctuation was found to be significant (P < 0.05) only in the medium breeds living outdoors, but their concentrations did not exceed the reference ranges. The 5-year monitoring of serum TT3 in indoor and outdoor dogs of large, medium, and small breeds clearly showed that its concentrations were not influenced by varying ambient temperature. The study provides for the first time evidence that serum TT4 and fT4 concentrations in dogs kept outdoors directly depend on ambient temperature. This correlation was also expressed by mathematical equations.

scholarly journals Normal adrenal and thyroid function in patients who survive COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A Clarke ◽  
Maria Phylactou ◽  
Bijal Patel ◽  
Edouard G Mills ◽  
Beatrice Muzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Persistent Fatigue ◽  
Gland Function

Abstract Context The COVID-19 pandemic continues to exert an immense burden on global health services. Moreover, up to 63% of patients experience persistent symptoms, including fatigue, after acute illness. Endocrine systems are vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 as many glands express the ACE2 receptor, used by the SARS-CoV-2 virion for cellular access. However, the effects of COVID-19 on adrenal and thyroid gland function after acute COVID-19 remain unknown. Objectives Our objectives were to evaluate adrenal and thyroid gland function in COVID-19 survivors. Design A prospective, observational study was undertaken. Setting Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust. Participants Seventy patients ≥ 18 years at least 3 months after diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Intervention Participants attended a research study visit (08:00-09:30), during which a short Synacthen test (250 µg IV bolus), and thyroid function assessments were performed. Results All patients had a peak cortisol ≥450 nmol/l after Synacthen, consistent with adequate adrenal reserve. Basal and peak serum cortisol did not differ according to disease severity or history of dexamethasone treatment during COVID-19. There was no difference in baseline or peak cortisol after Synacthen or in thyroid function tests, or thyroid status, in patients with fatigue (n=44) compared to those without (n=26). Conclusions Adrenal and thyroid function ≥3 months after presentation with COVID-19 was preserved. Whilst a significant proportion of patients experienced persistent fatigue, their symptoms were not accounted for by alterations in adrenal or thyroid function. These findings have important implications for the clinical care of patients after COVID-19.

Manic episode, thyroid gland function and lithium

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
K. Foeken ◽  
B.J.M. van de Wetering
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Manic State ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Altered Thyroid ◽  
Affective Disturbances

SummaryThis paper addresses the issue of (recurrent) mania in relation to an increased T4-value, whether or not influenced by lithium. Lithium has an anti-TSH-effect on the thyroid gland by inhibiting the intracellular enzyme adenylate cyclase. This might cause hypothyroidism. Moreover, lithium is also known to have a direct stabilizing effect on (behavioral manifestations) of dopamine receptor supersensitivity.The hypothesis regarding the relation between thyroid function and affective disturbances is that the altered thyroid function may cause a change in the availability of the central dopamine receptors. Dopamine is known to be able to cause a manic state. TSH and TRH are also involved in this mechanism. It is, therefore, very likely that an increased thyroid function, whether or not caused by discontinuation of lithium-therapy, could induce a (recurrent) mania.

Teratogenic action of the thyroid stimulating hormone and its interaction with trypan blue

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Allan R. Beaudoin ◽  
James M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Teratogenic Action ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Gland Function

The role that the thyroid gland may play in embryonic development has been under investigation for many years. A direct relationship between thyroid gland function and development is best illustrated in the amphibia (see Kollros, 1961, for pertinent literature). Attempts to demonstrate a similar influence of thyroxin on development in mammals has led to controversial results, in part due to the difficulty of separating the metabolic from the possible developmental effects of the hormone. In order for thyroxin to exert a direct effect upon the mammalian embryo it must cross the placenta. The bulk of the evidence seems to favor the viewpoint that the placenta is rather impermeable to thyroxin during the early stages of gestation and that this permeability increases near term. This is apparently true of the rabbit and man (Osorio & Myant, 1960) and the rat (Hamburgh, Sobel, Koblin & Rinestone, 1962; Roy & Kobayashi, 1962).

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