scholarly journals Direct and indirect losses determining the harmfulness of mushrooms p. Fusarium – fusariosis causes wheat speak and grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Shashko ◽  
A. L. Dolgova ◽  
M. N. Shashko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Indirect Losses

Fungi p. Fusarium is one of the most harmful pathogens of wheat diseases. Their harmfulness is caused both by direct losses due to decrease in yield, and indirect as a result of infection of the obtained products with mycotoxins and decrease in process, baking and sowing parameters of grain. Due to high potential losses, analysis of quantitative parameters of harmfulness of fusarium pathogens of spike and grain is relevant. The paper presents data showing the harmfulness of Fusarium of spike and wheat grain. The causes of direct and indirect losses in case of damage to wheat spike by fungi of p. Fusarium. Direct losses of crop yield are shown in the natural conditions of Minsk region and with the epiphytotic development of the disease in case of artificial infection, which can reach over 50 %. The effect of Fusaria on baking properties of wheat is analyzed. It was determined that grain damage causes decrease in weight of 1000 grains and the flour yield when it is used in the milling industry, as well as deterioration in its quality due to decrease in protein and crude gluten level. The effect of pathogens on sowing parameters of grain is determined. It is concluded that for use as seeds in terms of laboratory germination capacity, batches of grain infected with Fusarium only up to 15 % can be accepted. The data obtained will allow us to adapt protective measures against Fusarium of spike and grain and reduce its negative impact on crop yield and quality of the products obtained.

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Quality of Lentil Varieties in the Conditions of the Southeast of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Alma Zhumabaevna Saikenova ◽  
Mukhtar Sarsenbekovich Kudaibergenov ◽  
Taken Nurgassenovich Nurgassenov ◽  
Bakytzhan Rakhmetolinovich Saikenov ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Didorenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTION OF SELENIUM IN A SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Iu. Aleksandrovskaia ◽  
A. V. Sindireva ◽  
V. V. Ieronova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Selenium plays an important antioxidant role in a living organism. At the same time, we often observe a deficit of selenium in natural environmental locations. Therefore, it is of great importance to elaborate and assess methods for the most efficient and environmentally safe intake of the necessary amount of this element in the human body with the consumption of vegetable food, among others. In this respect, the techniques of enriching plants with this microelement are promising. These techniques include additional introduction of selenium compounds into the soil and non-root intake. Our research consisted of an environmental assessment of the effect of selenium on biometric parameters, crop yield, and quality of spring wheat plants. Aziiev soft spring wheat, selenium microelement, meadow chernozemic soil were the objects of our study. It was determined that Se has a predominantly stimulating effect on the growth and development of wheat plants and their crop yield. A direct correlation between an increase in the applied doses of selenium and an increase in its content in wheat grain was identified. The results of our study can be applied for the development of appropriate methods for the use of selenium-containing micro fertilizers in certain environmental conditions.

THE EFFECT OF LEAF RUST ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (4) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peturson ◽  
Margaret Newton ◽  
A. G. O. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Yellow Pigment Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
One Year ◽  
Weight Number

In field experiments carried out at Winnipeg, heavy artificially-induced infection of leaf rust of wheat reduced the yield, bushel weight, kernel weight, number of kernels per head, and percentage of flour yield of the varieties Thatcher, Apex, Renown, and Regent. The infection increased the yellow pigment content of the flour of all these four varieties but, apart from a reduction in flour yield, had no other adverse effect on the milling and baking quality of the grain. In fact, the flour milled from the rusted samples was superior in baking strength to the flour milled from the non-rusted samples. Under field conditions, the rust had a variable effect on the percentage of protein of the grain. In one year it increased the percentage of protein of the seed, but in two other years it decreased the percentage of protein. Under greenhouse conditions, in two different years, leaf rust on Thatcher wheat reduced the yield of seed, number of kernels per head, number of fertile tillers, and yield of straw, but increased the protein content of the seed, leaves, and straw.

scholarly journals Biofertilizer Microgeo® on Rice Crop: Yield and Seed Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Thiago Assunção de Almeida ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fidelis Giancotti ◽  
Bento Alvenir Dornelles de Lima ◽  
Douglas Dalla Nora ◽  
Ronimar Rosso Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Yield

Rice is the most important crop for the south and south-west region of the Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil); as all commercial crops, irrigated rice is requiring the use of alternatives for increasing yield and quality of its product with less aggressive/toxic inputs in the environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the biofertilization in the rice crop yield and the parameter of its seed quality and grain quality. It was carried out a field experiment with two treatments (with and without biofertilization with 150 + 150 L CLC® ha-1) with 12 repetitions in an irrigated rice. Biofertilization did not influenced the percentages of whole grain, polished grain and no broken grain. There were no difference between the treatments for final seed germination, seed hectoliter weight and pH. The rice yield with biofertilization using continuous liquid composting was not statistically higher, an expected result for a first year of biofertilization. However, it provided 398 kg ha-1 grain yield increase, which is a very positive and a promising result considering being the first year of application. Therefore, a significant yield increase for the following years of application is expected.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Glycine max (L.) Merr. to the Use of Seaweed Extract

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kocira ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Maciej Kuboń ◽  
Ewa Czerwińska ◽  
Tomasz Piskier
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Yield And Quality

Currently, modern agriculture aims to improve the quantity and quality of crop yield, while minimizing the negative impact of treatments on the natural environment. One of the methods to increase plant yield and quality, especially after the occurrence of both abiotic or biotic stress factors, is the application of biostimulants. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Ecklonia maxima extract on plant growth, and the yield, nutritional, and nutraceutical properties of soybean seeds. A field experiment was conducted in three growing seasons (2014–2016). Soybean seeds of Atlanta cultivar were sown in the third 10-day period of April. Ecklonia maxima extract was applied in the form of single or double, spraying in the concentrations of 0.7% and 1.0%. Determinations were conducted for: biometric traits, seed yield, seed number, thousand seeds weight, contents of lipids, and proteins in seeds. Further analyses included the contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and reducing power. The number of seaweed extract applications and its concentration modified biometric traits, yield, and quality of crop, while also also altering the nutraceutical and antioxidative potential of soybean. The application of this preparation improved the growth and yield of soybean without any negative effect on the nutritive value of seeds.

Оптимизация состава субстрата для промышленного культивирования вешенки

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Devochkina ◽  
R.D. Nurmetov ◽  
R.A. Meshсheryakova ◽  
L.N. Pryanishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
Seed Husk

Представлены результаты экспериментальной работы по оптимизации состава композиционного субстрата на основе соломы озимой пшеницы и лузги семян подсолнечника, применяемого для промышленного культивирования плодовых тел вешенки, обеспечивающие повышение питательной ценности субстрата, его водно-воздушного режима и повышения урожайности культуры и качества плодовых тел.The results of experimental work on optimization of the composition of the composite substrate based on straw of winter wheat and sunflower seed husk used for industrial cultivation of fruit bodies of oyster mushroom, providing an increase in the nutritional value of the substrate, its water-air regime and increase of crop yield and quality of fruit bodies are presented.

Alteration of Crop Yield and Quality of Three Vegetables upon Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles in Sludge-Amended Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2472-2480
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Hai-long Liu ◽  
Fei Dang ◽  
Holger Hintelmann ◽  
Bin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Amended Soil
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