scholarly journals Ceremonial portraits of Prince Peter Lvovich Wittgenstein in the context of his iconography

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
O. N. Popko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Junior Officer ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Private Collections

The article is devoted to the study of three ceremonial portraits of Prince Peter Lvovich Wittgenstein, a general of the Russian army and the richest landowner in Belarus in the 19th century. Most of ceremonial portraits of 19th century military men were perished in the whirlwind of wars and revolutions of the 20th century. Finding each such work, even outside our country, is of great interest.The prince’s maternal ancestors were representatives of the most famous aristocratic family in the history of Belarus. His father was the son of a Russian field marshal, hero of the war with Napoleon. Prince Peter did not leave children, all of his portraits are now outside Belarus about the descendants of his sister and brother.The paintings were revealed by the author himself, have not been studied before.The earliest portrait dates from the 1850s. and represents the prince in the uniform of a junior officer of the Horse Guards Regiment. The author’s name is not known, there is a copy of J. N. Bernhardt. The next portrait was painted by an unknown artist around 1864. The latest portrait represents a prince in a general’s uniform, completed by the Austrian artist Z. L’Alleman in 1888 after the death of his hero. Two copies of this portrait are also kept in private collections of his descendants.The article presents descriptions of portraits and their copies, analysis of the history of creation and existence in the context of the prince’s biography and his iconography, through the prism of the Russian and European tradition of writing ceremonial portraits of government officials.

scholarly journals Some notes on a historical perspective of panic disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Egidio Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article aims to describe important points in the history of panic disorder concept, as well as to highlight the importance of its diagnosis for clinical and research developments. Panic disorder has been described in several literary reports and folklore. One of the oldest examples lies in Greek mythology - the god Pan, responsible for the term panic. The first half of the 19th century witnessed the culmination of medical approach. During the second half of the 19th century came the psychological approach of anxiety. The 20th century associated panic disorder to hereditary, organic and psychological factors, dividing anxiety into simple and phobic anxious states. Therapeutic development was also observed in psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic fields. Official classifications began to include panic disorder as a category since the third edition of the American Classification Manual (1980). Some biological theories dealing with etiology were widely discussed during the last decades of the 20th century. They were based on laboratory studies of physiological, cognitive and biochemical tests, as the false suffocation alarm theory and the fear network. Such theories were important in creating new diagnostic paradigms to modern psychiatry. That suggests the need to consider a wide range of historical variables to understand how particular features for panic disorder diagnosis have been developed and how treatment has emerged.

scholarly journals Scenery painting in the 19th century in the context of tempera painting on canvas: methodology and materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sonia Santos Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Painting On Canvas ◽  
Modern Industry

Tempera painting on canvas has played multiple functions throughout the history of painting. They were used to cover altars in Lent, to make canopies and ceilings for beds, to act as organ doors, etc. In the 19th century and in the earlier 20th century, they were used as adornment on walls of palaces and theatres, as well as sceneries in the latter ones. Generally, this kind of tempera painting shows large proportions, which demanded a specific methodology of execution. Treatises of the epoch display how the painter, provided with paintbrushes of long handles, as brooms, walked on the canvases while the execution lasted. At that time, pigments derived from the activity of modern industry were already in use, in combination with other materials traditionally used in the previous centuries. This article presents the working methodology and materials used in tempera painting on canvas, mainly during the 19th century, providing a knowledge base for this subject.

scholarly journals То history of organization of obstetrics assistance in the Russian Army

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Victor G. Abashin ◽  
Yuri V. Tsvelev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sisters Of Mercy ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until now, it was believed that the first experience of using female labor in military medicine dates back to the middle of the 19th century, when during the Crimean War of 1853-1856. a detachment of sisters of mercy under the leadership of N. I. Pirogov worked in the theater of military operations. However, some documents indicate that in peacetime, female personnel in domestic military medicine began to be used much earlier.

scholarly journals Considerations to some forms of the verb a fi: sum and sunt

Diacronia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Chivu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the verbal forms sum and sunt, introduced into the literary writing by the Transylvanian Latinist School, reveals a winding process in the elaboration of certain cultured norms proper to the modern literary Romanian. Not at all linear, this process was concurrently influenced by two, often divergent, tendencies that were active from the end of the 18th century up to the beginning of the 20th century: the use of some cultured forms, borrowed from Latin or created according to Latin patterns; and the revitalization of certain linguistic forms with regional diffusion. Initially proposed as literary pronunciations, the two verbal forms were soon adopted and used as etymological graphic forms that corresponded to sîm and suntu from certain conservative patois. During the second half of the 19th century (sum), and during the first decades of the 20th century (sunt), the two graphic forms became orthoepic norms as well, due to the phonological tradition of the Romanian writing.

scholarly journals Research of the History of Inter-Religious Relations in Ukraine in the Kyiv Theological Academy (Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Luidmila Pastushenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents the first attempt of a complete and systematic analysis of historic and theological publications of teachers and pupils of the Kyiv Theological Academy in the second half of the 19th – beginning of 20th century in the field of studying the history of relations of Catholicism and Protestantism with Orthodox on the Ukrainian lands. The specifics of Kyiv academic historians studies was determined by the social and-political circumstances in the middle of the 19th century and denoted by an attempt to comprehend this issue in the perspective of the history of interconfessional relations of two Western Christian traditions with the eastern tradition of Orthodoxy in the historical gap of the 16th – 17th centuries – the period of the largest confrontation in confessional relations in Ukraine. The author clarifies the characteristic features of researching the question of inter-confessional interaction in the 15th – 17th centuries, which are expressed in attempts to describe the coexistence of three denominations as multidimensional and provoking а variety of different interpretations. Historical studies present the attempt to show confessional interaction in the political and legal aspects and to provide historical interpretations to the ground of philosophy of history. The article proves the tendency of Kyiv academic researchers to move away from the established Russian historiography of the 19th century view at confessional relations in Ukraine through the prism of hard confrontation and outline in religious life Ukraine conditions and circumstances of inter-confessional dialogue. Also, historians in their studies repeatedly note the significant educational and outlook influence of Western Christian denominations on the formation of educational, cultural, theological, literary traditions in Ukraine.

DON HERO OF KABARDINO ORIGIN DAVID GRIGORIEVICH BEGIDOV: A GLORIOUS BEGINNING OR CURVED ANGLES IN A DIRECT BIOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
A.V. Zakharevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the history of the famous Kabardian Uzden (nobleman) and the Don Cossack hero of the Russian army of the era of the Napoleonic wars and the military history of the Don Cossacks of the late 18th - first half of the 19th century, General D.G. Begidov (1778-1838). The author researched the history of history and archival sources about the origin and early years of the biography of D.G. Begidov and paid the main attention to his participation in the Napoleonic wars among the Cossacks of the Ataman regi-ment under the command of the legendary Cossack hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 - Ataman M.I. Platov.

Buchnąć z futrówy, odpypić z ponsy – about vocabulary from the category „cheating” in student jargon from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Jarosław Pacuła
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents the history of the student jargon. The author describes the vocabulary used in the period: second-half the 19th century – first half the 20th century; the lexis belongs to the thematic category „cheating”. In the text the reader gets to know theses: 1) the lexis discussed is the root cause of one of the most extensive lexical-semantic categories of the student jargon in the post-partition period (after the period of the Partitions of Poland); 2) in former student language a shared store of the vocabulary exists – this group is independent of the administrative dependence of schools; 3) we notice much former vocabulary in the contemporary jargon; 4) we will notice jargon words in the general Polish in the 19th century; 7) we can see the participation of criminal jargon from the 19th century.

Ashantis in Warsaw: Notions of “Blackness” in Polish Society at the Turn of the 20th Century – A Preparatory Contribution to Polish Colonial History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Łuksza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author recognizes Włodzimierz Perzyński’s comedy Aszantka as a meaningful remnant of „blackness” in the history of Polish theatre, and therefore she uses it as a point of entrance into a broader inquiry about the entanglement of Polish society into European colonial project, and the ideas, values, and cultural practices it entailed. That is why in the article the author attempts to reconstruct possible concepts and images of “blackness” which Warsaw dwellers might have shared at the end of the 19th century by analysing the reception of the performances of alleged representatives of Ashanti people in the Warsaw circus in 1888. From “Ashanti” performances on, the popularity of this type of entertainment – so called ethnographic shows or human zoos – grew in the colonized capital of the Kingdom of Poland. The author points to “savageness” and “nakedness” as constitutive traits of “blackness” which she understands as a specific human condition, experienced both by overseas colonized societies as well as subaltern social groups (to which “Aszantka” from Perzyński’s comedy belonged) in European societies.

3. History and heroes

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-82
Author(s):  
Ben Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Western Perspective

Seen from a Western perspective, the history of comparative literature can be divided into three categories: how European literatures have been compared inside Europe; how European literature has been compared with other cultures outside Europe; and how literatures outside Europe have been compared among themselves. ‘History and heroes’ explains how from the empire building of the 19th century, via the Jewish diaspora of the 20th century, to the postcolonial culture wars of the 21st century, the problems and prejudices of comparative literature have formed a cultural counterpart to the problems and prejudices of modernity. To understand its history, in this spirit, is to understand why it matters.

History of Neuropsychology in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Eling
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the development of neuropsychology in The Netherlands is described. First some early descriptions of the effects of brain lesions on behavior are mentioned. Subsequently the remarkable lack of interest in neuropsychology in the 19th century is described, contrasting with the important changes in France, Germany, and England. Neuropsychology began to blossom in the second half of the 20th century. In the early 1980s neuropsychology courses were developed and a series of textbooks was published. In the 1990s chairs for neuropsychology were founded at most universities. A separate organization for professionals was created, as well as a curriculum for becoming a specialized professional neuropsychologist.

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