scholarly journals Perbaikan Kualitas Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Kultivar Kristal dengan Berbagai Warna dan Bahan Pemberongsong

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Atika Romalasari ◽  
Slamet Susanto ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Ahmad Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Transparent Plastic

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT <br /></em></strong></p><p><em>Kristal guava is one of the popular guava cultivars nowadays. The guava has white flesh and not-perfectly-round shaped that resembles a crystal and seedless. However, during the growth period fruit undergoes several physical and chemical changes and susceptible to insect infestation and other damage, all of which can reduce their commercial value and thus cause significant yield and economic losses. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of different color and bagging materials on guava fruit development and quality. The research was conducted at farmer farm located in Cikarawang Dramaga, from November 2013 to April 2014. This research was arranged in a randomized block design with one factor, consisted of ten treatments and five replications. The treatments were red plastic, yellow plastic, green plastic, blue plastic, sponnet with red plastic, sponnet with yellow plastic, sponnet with green plastic, sponnet with blue plastic, sponnet with transparent plastic and unbagged. Fruit quality assesment was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Bogor Agricultural University and Center for Tropical Horticultural Studies. The result showed that bagging improved fruit size, external quality and accelerated fruit maturity. Sponnet with red plastic bagging resulted in the biggest fruit at harvest. Sponnet with yellow or with red plastic baggings were able to maintain fruit peel smoothness up to 85%. Sponnet and plastic bagging resulted in better external quality than bagging with plastic only. Bagging did not show any effect on internal fruit quality.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: colored bag, guava cv. Kristal, soluble solids content, sponnet, titratable acidity</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK <br /></strong></p><p>Jambu ‘Kristal’ merupakan salah satu kultivar jambu biji yang sedang populer saat ini. Jambu Kristal memiliki daging buah berwarna putih, berbentuk bulat tidak beraturan serta berbiji sedikit. Selama pertumbuhan dan perkembangan buah mengalami berbagai perubahan fisik dan kimia dan rentan terhadap serangan hama, yang secara keseluruhan dapat mengurangi nilai komersial sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan yang signifikan dari segi hasil panen dan kerugian ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh warna dan bahan pemberongsong terhadap perbaikan kualitas buah jambu ‘Kristal’. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2013 sampai April 2014, di kebun petani yang berlokasi di Cikarawang, Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor yaitu pemberongsongan buah, dengan sepuluh taraf dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan pemberonsongan menggunakan plastik merah, plastik kuning, plastik hijau, plastik biru, <em>sponnet </em>dan plastik merah, <em>sponnet</em> dan plastik kuning, <em>sponnet</em> dan plastik hijau, <em>sponnet</em> dan plastik biru, <em>sponnet</em> dan plastik bening serta tanpa pemberongsong. Pengujian kualitas buah dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) IPB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberongsongan memperbaiki pertumbuhan, kualitas eksternal dan mempercepat pematangan buah. Pemberongsongan <em>sponnet</em> dan plastik merah menghasilkan buah dengan ukuran terbesar pada saat panen. Pemberongsongan menggunakan <em>sponnet</em> dengan plastik kuning atau merah mampu menjaga kemulusan buah hingga 85%. Pemberongsongan <em>sponnet</em> dan plastik menghasilkan kualitas eksternal yang cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan pemberongsongan hanya dengan plastik. Pembrongsongan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas internal buah.</p><p>Kata kunci: asam tertitrasi total, jambu ‘Kristal’, <em>sponet</em>, padatan terlarut total, pemberongsong berwarna</p>

scholarly journals Fruit quality of west indian cherry irrigated with saline waters under combinations of nitrogen/potassium fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Manoel Da Silva ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Joicy Lima Barbosa ◽  
Bárbara Genilze Figueiredo Lima Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Potassium Fertilization

West Indian cherry stands out among the fruits cultivated for the pharmacological and alimentary importance, but its quality can be affected by irrigation water salinity and fertilization management. In this context, this research aimed to study the effect of irrigation water of different salinities and combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the physical and physico-chemical quality of bioactive compounds in West Indian cherry fruits. The experiment was carried out in the field, using lysimeters of 60 L, in the Experimental Area of the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar (CCTA) of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Pombal, PB, in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, referring to five irrigation water salinities (ECw): 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1 and four combinations (C) of doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O): C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O; C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O; C3 = 130% N + 100% K2O and C4 = 160% N + 125% K2O, of the recommended dose for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot consisting of a lysimeter. The cv. Flor Branca grafted on cv. Junco was used in the study. The increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the size, weight and vitamin C content of the fruits, but, the combinations of N and K fertilization did not affect fruit shape and the content of anthocyanin, carotenoids, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and fruit flavor. Fertilization combinations consisting of C1 and C2 treatments promoted the largest fruit size under irrigation with ECw of up to 1.3 dS m-1 and greater mass accumulation. Fertilization doses above C2 combinations negatively affected fruit quality.

scholarly journals Productivity, quality of fruits and architecture of Jalapeño pepper at different planting densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Juliana Zucolotto ◽  
Lucas M Gomes ◽  
Cláudia SC Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno Rodrigo Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Increase In Productivity

ABSTRACT Mechanizing the harvest of Jalapeño pepper involves changes in the production system. Spacings between plants in rows (10 to 40 cm; 60 cm fixed between rows) were evaluated in relation to plant architecture, productivity and fruit quality of cultivar BRS Sarakura during three years, in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Productivity (41.9 to 78.8 t ha-1) and plant height (40.1 to 47.3 cm) responded linearly to density; on the other hand, productivity per plant responded negatively (0.48 to 1.04 kg plant-1). The stem first bifurcation height was little influenced. Fruit chemical analyses were carried out in the second year of the experiment; spacing significantly influenced pH (5.36 to 4.84), total titratable acidity (TTA) (0.48 to 0.36%) and total soluble solids (TSS)/TTA ratio (11.5 to 15.6); no influence on TSS (5.65%) was noticed, though. The increase of plant population provided an increase in productivity without affecting fruit quality; the highest height of the first bifurcation achieved may not be enough to enable mechanized harvesting of the cultivar BRS Sarakura.

scholarly journals Apple Orchard Productivity and Fruit Quality under Organic, Conventional, and Integrated Management

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Peck ◽  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
John P. Reganold ◽  
John K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Flesh Firmness

Located on a 20-ha commercial apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard in the Yakima Valley, Washington, a 1.7-ha study area was planted with apple trees in 1994 in a randomized complete block design with four replications of three treatments: organic (ORG), conventional (CON), and integrated (INT). Soil classification, rootstock, cultivar, plant age, and all other conditions except management were the same on all plots. In years 9 (2002) and 10 (2003) of this study, we compared the orchard productivity and fruit quality of `Galaxy Gala' apples. Measurements of crop yield, yield efficiency, crop load, average fruit weight, tree growth, color grades, and weight distributions of marketable fruit, percentages of unmarketable fruit, classifications of unmarketable fruit, as well as leaf, fruit, and soil mineral concentrations, were used to evaluate orchard productivity. Apple fruit quality was assessed at harvest and after refrigerated (0 to 1 °C) storage for three months in regular atmosphere (ambient oxygen levels) and for three and six months in controlled atmosphere (1.5% to 2% oxygen). Fruit internal ethylene concentrations and evolution, fruit respiration, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), purgeable volatile production, sensory panels, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were used to evaluate fruit quality. ORG crop yields were two-thirds of the CON and about half of the INT yields in 2002, but about one-third greater than either system in 2003. High ORG yields in 2003 resulted in smaller ORG fruit. Inconsistent ORG yields were probably the result of several factors, including unsatisfactory crop load management, higher pest and weed pressures, lower leaf and fruit tissue nitrogen, and deficient leaf tissue zinc concentrations. Despite production difficulties, ORG apples had 6 to 10 N higher flesh firmness than CON, and 4 to 7 N higher than INT apples, for similar-sized fruit. Consumer panels tended to rate ORG and INT apples to have equal or better overall acceptability, firmness, and texture than CON apples. Neither laboratory measurements nor sensory evaluations detected differences in SSC, TA, or the SSC to TA ratio. Consumers were unable to discern the higher concentrations of flavor volatiles found in CON apples. For a 200 g fruit, ORG apples contained 10% to 15% more TAA than CON apples and 8% to 25% more TAA than INT apples. Across most parameters measured in this study, the CON and INT farm management systems were more similar to each other than either was to the ORG system. The production challenges associated with low-input organic apple farming systems are discussed. Despite limited technologies and products for organic apple production, the ORG apples in our study showed improvements in some fruit quality attributes that could aid their marketability.

scholarly journals Quality aspects of pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, packaging forms and storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Botrel ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Quality Aspects

Abstract Pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Aiton) or Pepino has been growing to produce edible, juicy and attractive fruits. The imported fruits and national small scale of Pepino dulce production are currently stored and commercialized under the absence of postharvest handling recommendations. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality aspects of Pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, forms of packaging and conditions of storage. The trial was conducted in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme - 2 ripening stages (ripe and immature) x 2 forms of packaging (with and without wrapping in plastic film) x 2 conditions of storage (room: 25 °C ± 2 ºC and 57% ± 5% of relative humidity (RH); cold: under refrigeration 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) – in a complete randomized block design. Fruit quality attributes, such as vitamin C, chemical and phenolic content, fruit color (mesocarp), firmness, dry matter content, total titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids and pH, were evaluated. Fruits showed a centesimal composition with low calories and a significant content of potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), which can contribute to the daily supply of these elements. For commercialization purposes, the association of packaging (plastic wrapping film) and refrigerated storage (cold: 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) to maintain the characteristics of fruit quality after a 15 days period is more important than its individual use.

scholarly journals Annual Bloom-time Phosphorus Fertigation Affects Soil Phosphorus, Apple Tree Phosphorus Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry H. Neilsen ◽  
Denise Neilsen ◽  
Peter Toivonen ◽  
Linda Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
P Application

A randomized, complete block, split-plot experimental design with six replicates was established and maintained annually for the first five fruiting seasons (1999 to 2003) in a high-density apple [Malus sylvestris (L) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf] orchard on M.9 rootstock planted in Apr. 1998. Main plot treatments involved eight different nutrient regimes, each containing three tree subplots of each of five different cultivars (Ambrosia, Cameo, Fuji, Gala, and Silken). This report compares a +phosphorus (P) treatment, involving annual fertigation at bloom time of 20 g P/tree as ammonium polyphosphate (10N–15P–0K), to a −P treatment. Both treatments also received nitrogen, potassium, and boron nutrients through fertigation. Drip fertigation of P increased 2 M KCl-extractable P to 0.4-m depth within 0.5-m distance of the drippers. Leaf and fruit P concentrations were consistently increased by the +P treatment with few differences among cultivars. P-fertigated trees also had a 20% increase in cumulative yield overall cultivars during the first five fruiting seasons. Standard fruit quality measurements, including fruit size, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and red coloration were unaffected by P application. However, reductions in incidence of water core at harvest, increased resistance to browning, and elevated antioxidant content of harvested fruit measured in some years imply a role for P in apple membrane stability. The cumulative results indicate that applications of 20 g P as ammonium polyphosphate annually at bloom would be advantageous for apples receiving adequate fertigated applications of nitrogen, potassium, and boron. Best apple performance was associated with leaf P concentrations above 2.2 mg·g−1 dry weight and fruit P concentrations between 100 and 120 mg·kg−1 dry weight.

scholarly journals Influence of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of Glycine Betaine on Fruit Quality Attributes and Storage Disorders of ‘Lapins’ and ‘Regina’ Cherries

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1540-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Huanhuan Zhi ◽  
Yu Dong
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Storage Disorders

This study aimed to evaluate whether preharvest or postharvest application of glycine betaine (GB) has the potential to improve fruit quality [fruit firmness (FF), size, skin color, soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA)] and susceptibility to storage disorders (peduncle browning, pitting, and decay) in ‘Lapins’ or ‘Regina’ sweet cherries, and to determine whether factors such as application frequency or timing impacted the efficacy of GB spraying. Adding 2 or 4 g·L−1 GB to hydro-cooling water (0 °C) as postharvest treatment did not affect fruit size, skin color, SSC, TA, peduncle browning, or pitting development; however, it did result in fruit softening and a low incidence of decay. GB applied preharvest at 2 or 4 g·L−1 once at 1 week before harvest (1WBH) was more effective for retaining FF and less peduncle browning and pitting compared with postharvest treatment. Increasing the preharvest GB application frequency from one time (1WBH or pit hardening) to three times (pit hardening, straw color, and 1WBH) enhanced FF and TA levels and resulted in lower pitting. The reduction in fruit size was observed for ‘Regina’, but not for ‘Lapins’. Changes in the contents of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) were unaffected by GB at harvest, whereas three GB sprays increased the total nitrogen (N) content. Compared with ‘Lapins’, ‘Regina’ allowed more calcium (Ca) uptake by GB and ultimately had firmer flesh. In conclusion, three preharvest applications of 4 g·L−1 GB showed great potential to improve quality attributes, to reduce the susceptibility to storage disorders, and to increase the Ca content of ‘Regina’ cherries.

scholarly journals Historical Trends in Strawberry Fruit Quality Revealed by a Trial of University of Florida Cultivars and Advanced Selections

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance M. Whitaker ◽  
Tomas Hasing ◽  
Craig K. Chandler ◽  
Anne Plotto ◽  
Elizabeth Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Over Time

The University of Florida strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. ex Rosier) breeding program has maintained a continuous breeding effort since 1968 to develop cultivars that are highly adapted to winter production in west-central Florida. To gain insight into breeding progress over time, two advanced selections (UF1 and UF2) and 10 released cultivars, from Florida Belle (1975) to Florida Radiance (2008), were compared for various fruit quality traits in a two-location field study during the 2009–2010 season. Fruit size varied dramatically from 30.8 g for ‘Elyana’ to 16.2 g for ‘Dover’ at Balm, FL, and from 28.3 g for UF2 to 16.6 g for ‘Dover’ at Dover, FL. A linear regression of fruit size on year of release revealed an average gain of 2.6 g per year since 1975 for the cultivars and selections tested (R2 = 0.44). A similar analysis revealed a reduction over time in the proportion of cull fruit (R2 = 0.30). Gains were apparent for the redness of the internal flesh, from a colorimeter a* value of 16.1 for ‘Florida Belle’ (1975) to 34.7 for ‘Carmine’ (2002) but were not sustained for later releases and selections. Although there were significant differences among genotypes for all chemical traits affecting flavor, there were no discernable patterns over time. There were wide month-to-month variations in individual sugars and organic acids, except for citric acid, which was stable across months and locations. The ratio of soluble solids content to titratable acidity ranged widely among genotypes, from a high of 15.7 for ‘Florida Belle’ in February at Dover, FL, to a low of 6.4 for ‘Winter Dawn’ in January at Balm, FL. The observed variability and trends in fruit quality traits will help guide future genetic studies and inform decisions about future breeding priorities and selection procedures.

scholarly journals Bagging Organic Peaches Reduces Physical Injuries and Storage Decay with Minimal Effects on Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
David Campbell ◽  
Ali Sarkhosh ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman ◽  
Oscar Liburd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Soluble Solids

Fruit bagging is an acceptable cultural practice for organic production that provides a physical barrier to protect fruit. It can reduce pest and pathogen injury for a variety of fruit crops, but quality attributes have been inconsistent for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and other bagged fruit. A 2-year experiment on a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic-certified peach orchard in central Florida was conducted to analyze the effects of a commercially available paper bag designed for fruit protection and cardinal quadrant (north, south, east, and west sides) of the tree canopy on low-chill peach ‘TropicBeauty’ fruit quality. Protective bags appeared to delay fruit maturity. Flesh firmness and chlorophyll concentration of bagged fruit were 31% and 27% greater than unbagged fruit, respectively. Bagged fruit were protected as demonstrated with a reduction in mechanical injury by 95%, fruit fly injury by 450%, and scab-like lesions by 810%. Bagging reduced fruit brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) at harvest and 7 days after harvest; unbagged fruit were 2 and 3.5 times more likely to have rot at harvest and 7 days after harvest, respectively. Fruit bags did not affect yield, fruit size, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, peel lightness, peel hue angle, or flesh color. Overall, canopy cardinal quadrant location had minimal effect on fruit quality or fruit injury. These results demonstrate that bagging peach fruit protects against various pests and diseases but has minimal effects on fruit quality. Broad adoption of this technology is highly dependent on available labor, market demands, and profitability but may be suitable for producers using direct-to-consumer market channels.

scholarly journals Effects of self and cross pollination on fruit set and fruit quality of sour cherry cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ansari ◽  
G. H. Davarynejad ◽  
J. Tornyai ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

An experiment conducted using factorial based on randomized completely block design during 2005 and 2006. Flowers of Érdi bőtermő, Érdi jubileum and Cigány meggy before anthesis and in balloon stages were isolated with paper bags from guest pollens and pollinated in appropriate time. The averages of final fruit set showed the advantage of open pollination (14.6% fruit set) in compare with artificial self pollination (13.0% fruit set) and natural self pollination (4.4% fruit set). Siah mashhad sweet cherry cultivar with more than 70% overlap of flowering and 9.8% fruit set in 2005 and 17.9% in 2006 was the best among applied pollinisers for Érdi bôtermô sour cherry cultivar.Also, Siah mashhad sweet cherry with more than 50%overlap of flowering time and 25.8%fruit set was the best polliniser for Cigány megg. Among the pollinisers, Siah mashhad was the best for Érdi jubileum with more than 50% overlap and 15.22% fruit set. Meanwhile, pollens of Siah mashhad caused the increase of fruit size in Cigány meggy cultivar. phenomenon. Pollens of Siah mashhad caused reduction in total soluble solids of Érdi bôtermô fruits, however, it does not have any significant effect on the acid rate of fruits.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Phenological, Vegetative, and Fruit Chemistry Traits in Black Raspberry

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dossett ◽  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Fruit Chemistry ◽  
Four Blocks

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) breeding. This has been spurred by an increase in black raspberry consumption resulting from studies that have shown them to be particularly high in anthocyanin content indicating high levels of antioxidants. Present cultivars are ill-adapted to the biotic and abiotic stresses of the Pacific northwestern United States, where the commercial black raspberry industry is centered, and fields must be replanted after three to five seasons. An incomplete partial diallel, consisting of 10 parents and 26 sibling families, was constructed for the study of variation and inheritance of phenological, vegetative, and fruit chemistry traits in black raspberry. Sibling families were established at the Oregon State University Lewis Brown Farm in Corvallis and were arranged as a randomized complete block design with four blocks of one to eight plants. Phenological development and vegetative measurements were recorded for each plant in 2005 and 2006. In addition, 25-berry samples of ripe fruit were collected from each plant. To study variation in fruit chemistry properties, including pH, titratable acidity, percent soluble solids, anthocyanin profiles, and total anthocyanins, additional samples of 25 ripe berries were collected from each plant and pooled by family within blocks. Although there were many striking similarities, strong trends in phenotype based on pedigree were observed for most traits indicating a strong genetic component. General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant and larger than specific combining ability effects for all traits, except for fruit size (mass). With the exception of fruit size, narrow-sense heritability estimates were generally moderate to high (0.30 to 0.91), indicating the potential for breeding progress within the population of plants studied. Despite these results, statistically significant and large GCA values were limited to just a few of the parents, indicating a lack of heritable genetic variation in much of the germplasm base and a need for greater diversity.

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