Inheritance of Phenological, Vegetative, and Fruit Chemistry Traits in Black Raspberry

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) breeding. This has been spurred by an increase in black raspberry consumption resulting from studies that have shown them to be particularly high in anthocyanin content indicating high levels of antioxidants. Present cultivars are ill-adapted to the biotic and abiotic stresses of the Pacific northwestern United States, where the commercial black raspberry industry is centered, and fields must be replanted after three to five seasons. An incomplete partial diallel, consisting of 10 parents and 26 sibling families, was constructed for the study of variation and inheritance of phenological, vegetative, and fruit chemistry traits in black raspberry. Sibling families were established at the Oregon State University Lewis Brown Farm in Corvallis and were arranged as a randomized complete block design with four blocks of one to eight plants. Phenological development and vegetative measurements were recorded for each plant in 2005 and 2006. In addition, 25-berry samples of ripe fruit were collected from each plant. To study variation in fruit chemistry properties, including pH, titratable acidity, percent soluble solids, anthocyanin profiles, and total anthocyanins, additional samples of 25 ripe berries were collected from each plant and pooled by family within blocks. Although there were many striking similarities, strong trends in phenotype based on pedigree were observed for most traits indicating a strong genetic component. General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant and larger than specific combining ability effects for all traits, except for fruit size (mass). With the exception of fruit size, narrow-sense heritability estimates were generally moderate to high (0.30 to 0.91), indicating the potential for breeding progress within the population of plants studied. Despite these results, statistically significant and large GCA values were limited to just a few of the parents, indicating a lack of heritable genetic variation in much of the germplasm base and a need for greater diversity.

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Evaluation of Rubus leucodermis Populations from the Pacific Northwest

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1169 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1169-1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chad Finn ◽

Kirsten Wennstrom ◽

Janessa Link ◽

Jill Ridout

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Black Raspberry ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽

The Pacific ◽

Excellent Source

Sixteen western black raspberry (Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray) populations, collected from through out the Pacific Northwest, and `Munger', the most widely grown black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.) cultivar, were established in 1994 in a replicated trial in Corvallis, Ore. In 1996 and 1997 the seedlings were evaluated for date of budbreak, flowering date, ripening date, fruit size, and disease tolerance. Fruit within a replication were pooled for evaluation of pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and anthocyanin content. The plants were vigorous and had produced solid hedges by the time evaluation commenced. The populations were significantly different within each year for all traits except for anthocyanin content in 1996. Rubusleucodermis populations were identified that broke bud and ripened fruit earlier or later than `Munger'; however, all flowered with or sooner than `Munger'. Despite the fact that R. occidentalis is native to eastern North America and R. leucodermis to the West, `Munger' was much less affected by foliar and cane diseases than the R. leucodermis populations. Several populations were as vigorous as `Munger'. `Munger' had fruit that were 30% larger than the mean for any R. leucodermis population. Generally, R. leucodermis had higher pH and lower titratable acidity than `Munger', but many populations had similar soluble solids; lower acidity may partly explain the blandness of R. leucodermis fruit compared with `Munger'. Despite the lighter appearance of R. leucodermis, the anthocyanin levels of some populations were higher than `Munger'. Rubusleucodermis may be a source of earlier fruiting, later budbreak, and vigor when used in breeding but careful selection for fruit size (for the fresh market), acidity (for the processing market), and disease resistance must be done. Rubus leucodermis may also be an excellent source of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) resistance in black and red raspberry breeding programs.

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Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Due to Grafting in Solanaceae of Different Species

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n3p188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

João Lucas Moraes Vieira ◽

Rogério Eiji Hanada

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Tomato Cultivar ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Four Blocks

The present work had as objective to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of commercial tomato fruits grafted on different solanaceous species. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized complete block design, with four blocks and six treatments, being the rootstocks: cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum); two cultivars of eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum), Long Light Green and Big Hill; jurubebão (Solanum lycocarpum) and jurubeba juna (Solanum stramonifolium), grafted with the tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, and the control treatment was represented by the self-grafted tomato. Three consecutive harvests were spaced seven days after the production stabilization, and the characteristics fruits analyzed were Total Soluble Solids (ºBrix), pH, Titratable Acidity (percentage of citric acid) and TSS/TA. A statistically significant difference was found in the Tukey’s test at 5% probability in the titratable acidity, pH and fruit pulp flavor, among the evaluated treatments, while the soluble solids content did not differ between treatments in any of the harvests, but the values remained within the considered adequate for the tomato in natura in the current literature. There was a decrease in fruit flavor in all treatments, and fruit pH drop in all treatments with the exception of jurubebão, with the advancement of plant age, while the titratable acidity had an inverse behavior. The evaluated rootstocks can be used in the tomato crop, without prejudice to the quality of the tomato fruit produced.

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Fruit quality of west indian cherry irrigated with saline waters under combinations of nitrogen/potassium fertilization

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-48164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Evandro Manoel Da Silva ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

Joicy Lima Barbosa ◽

Bárbara Genilze Figueiredo Lima Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Size ◽

West Indian ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Potassium Fertilization

West Indian cherry stands out among the fruits cultivated for the pharmacological and alimentary importance, but its quality can be affected by irrigation water salinity and fertilization management. In this context, this research aimed to study the effect of irrigation water of different salinities and combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the physical and physico-chemical quality of bioactive compounds in West Indian cherry fruits. The experiment was carried out in the field, using lysimeters of 60 L, in the Experimental Area of the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar (CCTA) of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Pombal, PB, in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, referring to five irrigation water salinities (ECw): 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1 and four combinations (C) of doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O): C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O; C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O; C3 = 130% N + 100% K2O and C4 = 160% N + 125% K2O, of the recommended dose for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot consisting of a lysimeter. The cv. Flor Branca grafted on cv. Junco was used in the study. The increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the size, weight and vitamin C content of the fruits, but, the combinations of N and K fertilization did not affect fruit shape and the content of anthocyanin, carotenoids, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and fruit flavor. Fertilization combinations consisting of C1 and C2 treatments promoted the largest fruit size under irrigation with ECw of up to 1.3 dS m-1 and greater mass accumulation. Fertilization doses above C2 combinations negatively affected fruit quality.

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Perbaikan Kualitas Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Kultivar Kristal dengan Berbagai Warna dan Bahan Pemberongsong

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.8.3.155-161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Atika Romalasari ◽

Slamet Susanto ◽

Maya Melati ◽

Ahmad Junaedi

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Growth Period ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

External Quality ◽

Transparent Plastic

ABSTRACT Kristal guava is one of the popular guava cultivars nowadays. The guava has white flesh and not-perfectly-round shaped that resembles a crystal and seedless. However, during the growth period fruit undergoes several physical and chemical changes and susceptible to insect infestation and other damage, all of which can reduce their commercial value and thus cause significant yield and economic losses. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of different color and bagging materials on guava fruit development and quality. The research was conducted at farmer farm located in Cikarawang Dramaga, from November 2013 to April 2014. This research was arranged in a randomized block design with one factor, consisted of ten treatments and five replications. The treatments were red plastic, yellow plastic, green plastic, blue plastic, sponnet with red plastic, sponnet with yellow plastic, sponnet with green plastic, sponnet with blue plastic, sponnet with transparent plastic and unbagged. Fruit quality assesment was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Bogor Agricultural University and Center for Tropical Horticultural Studies. The result showed that bagging improved fruit size, external quality and accelerated fruit maturity. Sponnet with red plastic bagging resulted in the biggest fruit at harvest. Sponnet with yellow or with red plastic baggings were able to maintain fruit peel smoothness up to 85%. Sponnet and plastic bagging resulted in better external quality than bagging with plastic only. Bagging did not show any effect on internal fruit quality. Keywords: colored bag, guava cv. Kristal, soluble solids content, sponnet, titratable acidity ABSTRAK Jambu ‘Kristal’ merupakan salah satu kultivar jambu biji yang sedang populer saat ini. Jambu Kristal memiliki daging buah berwarna putih, berbentuk bulat tidak beraturan serta berbiji sedikit. Selama pertumbuhan dan perkembangan buah mengalami berbagai perubahan fisik dan kimia dan rentan terhadap serangan hama, yang secara keseluruhan dapat mengurangi nilai komersial sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan yang signifikan dari segi hasil panen dan kerugian ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh warna dan bahan pemberongsong terhadap perbaikan kualitas buah jambu ‘Kristal’. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2013 sampai April 2014, di kebun petani yang berlokasi di Cikarawang, Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor yaitu pemberongsongan buah, dengan sepuluh taraf dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan pemberonsongan menggunakan plastik merah, plastik kuning, plastik hijau, plastik biru, sponnet dan plastik merah, sponnet dan plastik kuning, sponnet dan plastik hijau, sponnet dan plastik biru, sponnet dan plastik bening serta tanpa pemberongsong. Pengujian kualitas buah dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) IPB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberongsongan memperbaiki pertumbuhan, kualitas eksternal dan mempercepat pematangan buah. Pemberongsongan sponnet dan plastik merah menghasilkan buah dengan ukuran terbesar pada saat panen. Pemberongsongan menggunakan sponnet dengan plastik kuning atau merah mampu menjaga kemulusan buah hingga 85%. Pemberongsongan sponnet dan plastik menghasilkan kualitas eksternal yang cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan pemberongsongan hanya dengan plastik. Pembrongsongan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas internal buah.Kata kunci: asam tertitrasi total, jambu ‘Kristal’, sponet, padatan terlarut total, pemberongsong berwarna

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Agronomic performance of new strawberry cultivars in southern Brazil

Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias ◽

10.5965/223811712022021149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

Marllon Fernando Soares dos Santos ◽

Antonio Felippe Fagherazzi ◽

Juliana Martins de Lima ◽

Bruna Miranda Costa ◽

Francine Regianini Nerbass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Total Production ◽

Mean Values ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Qualitative Performance

The choice of cultivars to be used by strawberry farmers is essential since it could determine the success of the crop. The present study aimed to evaluate the productive and qualitative performance of strawberry genotypes grown in Vacaria, RS, Brazil. Twelve strawberry genotypes were compared, constituting the different treatments: cultivars Strawberry Festival, Oso Grande, Jonica, and Pircinque, and selections FRF PA3, FRF CE 51, FRF CE 56, FRF PIR 29, FRF PIR 54, FRF 85.04, FRF 149.18, and FRF 102.21. The seedlings were transplanted on May 13, 2014, in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system, adopting a randomized block design with four blocks and an experimental unit of ten useful plants. The variables evaluated were the number of fruits, total production per plant, productivity, commercial productivity, fresh fruit mass, commercial percentage, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids to total acidity ratio, pulp firmness, and production seasonality. The mean values were subjected to an analysis of variance and multivariate analysis, and their means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at a 5% error probability. Cultivar Strawberry Festival and selection FRF 102.21 showed higher productions (1138 g plant-1 nd 1019 g plant-1, respectively) and quantities of fruits produced (85 un plant-1 and 87 un plant-1, respectively). Cultivar Jonica and selection FRF 85.4 showed higher percentages of marketable fruits. The Pircinque cultivar was prominent for sugar content, presenting a value 24% superior to the general average of the cultivars. Cultivars Strawberry Festival, Jonica, and Pircinque and selection FRF 102.21 showed the highest qualitative and quantitative gains for the region of Vacaria, RS, Brazil.

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Evaluation of Biochemical Juice Attributes and Color-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1101

Author(s):

Jiovan Campbell ◽

Ali Sarkhosh ◽

Fariborz Habibi ◽

Pranavkumar Gajjar ◽

Ahmed Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Matrix Analysis ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Color Characteristics ◽

Muscadine Grape

Biochemical juice attributes and color-related traits of muscadine grape genotypes have been investigated. For this study, 90 muscadine genotypes, including 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and 9 Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids (VM), were evaluated. The biochemical properties of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, and TSS/Acid (T/A) ratio showed modest diversity among genotypes with a range of 10.3 °Brix, 2.1 mg tartaric acid/L, and 4.6, respectively. Nonetheless, the pH trait exhibited a tight range of 0.74 among the population with a minimum and maximum pH of 3.11 ± 0.12 and 3.85 ± 0.12. Color-related traits showed more deviation between individuals. Total anthocyanin content (TAC), luminosity index (L*), hue angle (h°), and chroma index (C*) displayed a range of 398 µg/g DW, 33.2, 352.1, and 24, respectively. The hierarchical clustering map classified the population into two large groups of colored and non-colored grapes based on L* and h°, suggesting the predominance of these two characters among the population. The colored berries genotypes clade was further divided into several sub-clades depending on C*, TAC, and TSS levels. The principal component analysis (PCA) separated the four-color characteristics into two groups with a negative correlation between them, L* and C* versus TAC and h°. Further, PCA suggested the positive influence of acidity in enhancing the different nutraceutical components. Despite the nature of anthocyanins as a member of phenolic compounds, a lack of significant correlation between TAC and nutraceutical-related traits was detected. The dissimilatory matrix analysis highlighted the muscadine individuals C11-2-2, E16-9-1, O21-13-1, and Noble as particular genotypes among the population due to enhanced color characteristics.

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Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7020034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Christopher Menzel

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

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Yield and evaluation of F1 tomato hybrids incorporating the non-ripening nor gene

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9830106 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (120) ◽

pp. 106 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

WB McGlasson ◽

JB Sumeghy ◽

LL Morris ◽

RL McBride ◽

DJ Best ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Parental Genotype ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Heterozygous Condition ◽

Ripe Stage ◽

Colour Development

F1 hybrids of the nor non-ripening mutant tomato in different genotypic backgrounds were evaluated between 1978-81. The nor gene in the heterozygous condition delayed the start of ripening by a few days, increased the interval between breaker and the table ripe stage to 10 d at 21�C compared with 6 d for fixed cultivars and increased the storage life of ripe fruit at 21�C by about 50%. The retention of firmness by ripe fruit of the hybrids was affected by parental genotype. Fruit of some hybrids was firmer or as firm as fruit of the hard commercial Flora-Dade but others were much softer. A major problem with fruit of F1 nor hybrids was poor colour development. The fruit ripened to an orange-red colour, and strains with green shoulders developed an unattractive yellow on the shoulders. This deficiency was most pronounced in fruit picked before the appearance of red colour. The best hybrid found in this study was 75T10-1 x nor backcross 4 or 5 Heinz 1350. Fruit size, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total ascorbic acid levels and acceptability except external colour of table ripe fruit appeared to be influenced by the parental genotype rather than by the nor gene. Since there were marked differences between hybrids with different genotypic backgrounds, it should be possible to breed nor hybrids with improved colour and firmness.

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Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-111 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 847-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. A. Quamme ◽

R. T. Brownlee

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Early Performance ◽

Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

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Can Sustained Deficit Irrigation Save Water and Meet the Quality Characteristics of Mango?

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11050448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 448

Author(s):

Leontina Lipan ◽

Aarón A. Carbonell-Pedro ◽

Belén Cárceles Rodríguez ◽

Víctor Hugo Durán-Zuazo ◽

Dionisio Franco Tarifa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Peel Color

Mango is one of the most cultivated tropical fruits worldwide and one of few drought-tolerant plants. Thus, in this study the effect of a sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) strategy on mango yield and quality was assessed with the aim of reducing irrigation water in mango crop. A randomized block design with four treatments was developed: (i) full irrigation (FI), assuring the crop’s water needs, and three levels of SDI receiving 75%, 50%, and 33% of irrigation water (SDI75, SDI50, and SDI33). Yield, morphology, color, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), organic acids (OA), sugars, minerals, fiber, antioxidant activity (AA), and total phenolic content (TPC) were analyzed. The yield was reduced in SDI conditions (8%, 11%, and 20% for SDI75, SDI50, and SDI33, respectively), but the irrigation water productivity was higher in all SDI regimes. SDI significantly reduced the mango size, with SDI33 generating the smallest mangoes. Peel color significantly changed after 13 days of ripening, with SDI75 being the least ripe. The TA, AA, and citric acid were higher in SDI75, while the TPC and fiber increased in all SDI levels. Consequently, SDI reduced the mango size but increased the functionality of samples, without a severe detrimental effect on the yield.

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