Smoking-Induced Oxidative Stress in Bone: The Effects on Bone Turnover

Despite of clinical evidence of increased incidence of bone diseases amongst smokers as well as worsening recovery in orthopedic surgeries, it is still unclear which pathological mechanisms are induced by smoking and how these events impair bone turnover. Animal models and in vitro studies have been used to better elucidate these questions and smoking-induced oxidative stress have been pointed as playing crucial role in the worsening of bone cells activities leading bone damage. Oxidative stress is a physiological mechanism characterized by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants components. This imbalance leads cell damage and consequent release of inflammatory mediators, resulting in structural changes that impair the functionality of compromised organ. In this review, we summarize findings from clinical, animal models and in vitro studies that have elucidated the importance of the oxidative stress induced by smoking in different bone cells activities, leading bone mineral and organic matrix structural changes.

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Insights into Arbutin Effects on Bone Cells: Towards the Development of Antioxidant Titanium Implants

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9070579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 579 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria A. Bonifacio ◽

Giorgia Cerqueni ◽

Stefania Cometa ◽

Caterina Licini ◽

Luigia Sabbatini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Protective Role ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Point Of View ◽

Differentiation Markers ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

High Viability

Arbutin is a plant-derived glycosylated hydroquinone with antioxidant features, exploited to combat cell damage induced by oxidative stress. The latter hinders the osseointegration of bone prostheses, leading to implant failure. Little is known about arbutin antioxidant effects on human osteoblasts, therefore, this study explores the in vitro protective role of arbutin on osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) and periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs). Interestingly, cells exposed to oxidative stress were protected by arbutin, which preserved cell viability and differentiation. Starting from these encouraging results, an antioxidant coating loaded with arbutin was electrosynthesized on titanium. Therefore, for the first time, a polyacrylate-based system was designed to release the effective concentration of arbutin in situ. The innovative coating was characterized from the physico-chemical and morphological point of view to achieve an optimized system, which was in vitro tested with cells. Morpho-functional evaluations highlighted the high viability and good compatibility of the arbutin-loaded coating, which also promoted the expression of PDPC differentiation markers, even under oxidative stress. These results agreed with the coatings’ in vitro antioxidant activity, which showed a powerful scavenging effect against DPPH radicals. Taken together, the obtained results open intriguing opportunities for the further development of natural bioactive coatings for orthopedic titanium implants.

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Ganoderma Triterpenoids Exert Antiatherogenic Effects in Mice by Alleviating Disturbed Flow-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/3491703 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pei-Ling Hsu ◽

Yung-Ching Lin ◽

Hao Ni ◽

Fan-E Mo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽

Artery Ligation ◽

Disturbed Flow ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Ganoderma mushrooms, used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote health and longevity, have become widely accepted as herbal supplements. Ganoderma lucidum (GL), a commonly seen ganoderma species, is commercially cultivated under controlled conditions for more consistent chemical composition. The medicinal properties of GL are attributable to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We intended to assess the effect of GL in atherosclerosis, an arterial condition associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation, using a carotid-artery-ligation mouse model. Flow turbulence created in the ligated artery induces oxidative stress and neointimal hyperplasia, a feature of early atherogenesis. Daily oral GL prevented neointimal thickening 2 weeks after ligation. Moreover, the ganoderma triterpenoid (GT) crude extract isolated from GL abolished ligation-induced neointima formation. Mechanistically, endothelial dysfunction was observed 3 days after ligation before any structural changes could be detected. GTs alleviated the oxidative stress and restored the atheroresistent status of endothelium by inhibiting the induction of a series of atherogenic factors, including endothelin-1, von Willebrand factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 after 3-day ligation. The anti-inflammatory activity of GTs was tested in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to disturbed flow in an in vitro perfusion system. GTs abolished the induction of proinflammatory VCAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 by oscillatory shear stress. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of GTs was tested in HUVECs against the insult of H2O2. GTs dissipated the cellular superoxide accumulation imposed by H2O2, thereby mitigating H2O2-induced cell damage and proatherogenic response. Our results revealed the atheroprotective properties of ganoderma mushrooms and identified triterpenoids as the critical constituents for those effects. GTs prevent atherogenesis by eliminating disturbed flow-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

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In vitro - studies with antler bone cells: Structure forming capacity, osteocalcin production and influence of sex steroids

Osteologie/Osteology ◽

10.1024/1019-1291.15.4.245 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 245-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. J. Rolf ◽

K. G. Wiese ◽

H. Siggelkow ◽

H. Schliephake ◽

G. A. Bubernik

Keyword(s):

Sex Steroids ◽

Bone Cells ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Osteocalcin Production

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Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x13666181105144430 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 504-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic ◽

Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽

Priscila Elias Ferreira ◽

Ana Carolina Irioda ◽

Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Models ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cell Sources ◽

Study Designs

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

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Heme Oxygenase-1 Deficiency and Oxidative Stress: A Review of 9 Independent Human Cases and Animal Models

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1514 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akihiro Yachie

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Animal Models ◽

Heme Oxygenase ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Cell Types ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Inflammatory Reactions

Since Yachie et al. reported the first description of human heme oxygenase (HO)-1 deficiency more than 20 years ago, few additional human cases have been reported in the literature. A detailed analysis of the first human case of HO-1 deficiency revealed that HO-1 is involved in the protection of multiple tissues and organs from oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory reactions, through the release of multiple molecules with anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory functions. HO-1 production is induced in vivo within selected cell types, including renal tubular epithelium, hepatic Kupffer cells, vascular endothelium, and monocytes/macrophages, suggesting that HO-1 plays critical roles in these cells. In vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that impaired HO-1 production results in progressive monocyte dysfunction, unregulated macrophage activation and endothelial cell dysfunction, leading to catastrophic systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Data from reported human cases of HO-1 deficiency and numerous studies using animal models suggest that HO-1 plays critical roles in various clinical settings involving excessive oxidative stress and inflammation. In this regard, therapy to induce HO-1 production by pharmacological intervention represents a promising novel strategy to control inflammatory diseases.

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Oxidative stress aspects of the cytotoxicity of carbamide peroxide: in vitro studies

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/0378-4274(94)03168-7 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (1-3) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M.C. Smensky ◽

A.L. Leiser ◽

H. Babich

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Carbamide Peroxide

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Estimation of the Genotoxicityof Hydrogen Peroxide and Antioxidant Actionof Halo Acid by the Method of Dna-Cometwith the Use of the Model of Transplantable Cell Cultures

Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Serija 11 Estestvennye nauki ◽

10.15688/jvolsu11.2018.1.7 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Olga Verle ◽

Oleg Ostrovskiy ◽

Valerian Verovskiy ◽

Galina Dudchenko

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Protective Action ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Vitro Model

In the framework of the study, the degree of defragmentation of DNA by the DNA-comet method is evaluated when exposed to the cell culture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and an in vitro model is developed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of new pharmacological agents. The results of working with cell lines show that the percentage of damage to the genetic material of cells of intact samples does not greatly vary from the method of removing the cellular monolayer from the culture plastic. Concerning the effect of H2O2 as an inducer of oxidative stress on DNA cell damage, the optimal level of DNA defragmentation has been modeled for subsequent studies of the protective action of antioxidants.

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A novel mitochondrial enriched antioxidant protects neurons against acute oxidative stress

10.1101/109439 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nicola J. Drummond ◽

Nick O. Davies ◽

Janet E. Lovett ◽

Mark R. Miller ◽

Graeme Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Head Group ◽

Neural Cells ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Free System ◽

Age Related

AbstractExcessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA, which result in cell damage and death. The outcomes can be acute, as seen in stroke, or more chronic as observed in age-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Here we investigate the antioxidant ability of a novel synthetic flavonoid, Proxison (7-decyl-3-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4-chromenone), using a range of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We show that, while it has radical scavenging ability on par with other flavonoids in a cell-free system, Proxison is orders of magnitude more potent than natural flavonoids at protecting neural cells against oxidative stress and is capable of rescuing damaged cells. The unique combination of a lipophilic hydrocarbon tail with a modified polyphenolic head group promotes efficient cellular uptake and mitochondrial localisation of Proxison. Importantly, in vivo administration of Proxison demonstrated effective and well tolerated neuroprotection against oxidative stress in a zebrafish model of dopaminergic neuronal loss.

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