scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) among children under five years of age in rural communities of Lahore, Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Bhatti ◽  
Khuram Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Housing Condition ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and determinants of Protein energy malnutrition among children under five years of age in rural areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Four Rural Communities (Hussainabad, Shershah Colony, Dubai Town and Bhobtia Pind) of Lahore, Pakistan. Period: September 2016 to March 2017. Material & Methods: Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. Anthropometric measures were obtained from children under five years of age. Results: Prevalence of PEM was found to be 52.8% in children under five years of age in the rural communities of Lahore, Pakistan. Significant association was found in PEM and number of siblings, mother’s literacy, father’s educational level, socioeconomic status, Knowledge of mother regarding diet, housing condition. So, all these factors are considered as significant determinants of PEM. Conclusion: More children suffer from the burden of PEM. Risk factors like age, sex, type of family, number of siblings, mother’s literacy, father’s educational level, socioeconomic status, Knowledge of mother regarding diet, housing condition contribute greatly to develop PEM. There is a need to take measures to prevent the nation from this suffering. Steps must be taken to implement polices to prevent PEM. Government should launch educational interventions on large scale to alleviate this suffering. Health professional must pay special attention to this debilitating issue.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION DEFICIENCY AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS AT MUSI INTERNAL DISPLACED PERSONS CAMP HOUSEHOLD SURVEY – NYALA LOCALITY – SOUTH DARFUR STATE 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
M.Hussein Ahmed ◽  
Dawria Adam ◽  
Abdelbasit. M. Burma Salim ◽  
Belal Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

We  conduct  this  study  to  study risk factors of   protein energy malnutrition  Among Children Under Five years .This  study was conducted in Nyala  Locality in south  Darfur  State in  Sudan. Cross-sectional descriptive study to measure the Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition. This study designed to cover (n=402 child).

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors for Protein Energy Malnutrition Among Children Below 5 Years Admitted at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiu Adewale SUBERU ◽  
Leila Aweis MAALIM ◽  
Saheed Adekunle AKINOLA ◽  
Yusuf Olusola FASEUN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

Abstract Background Undernutrition immensely contribute to the death of almost half of the children under 5 years, translating into the loss of about 3 million young lives a year. In developing countries, penultimate to hunger that constitute to the death of most children, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) amongst other factors account for the death of 49% of children below the age of five. Due to incessant increase in poverty level in Uganda, Jinja District five-year development plan of 2011 was designed to curb menace posed by malnutrition not only on children but also adults in this district. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PEM among under-fives admitted in the paediatric wards of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH). Methods To carry out this study, a descriptive questionnaire-based and facility-based cross-sectional study design was used which will apply both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study involved a sample size of 364 with the study population being under-fives admitted in the paediatric wards of JRRH between March and August 2019.Results Results of this study shows that 52 out of 364 admissions were due to PEM giving a prevalence of 14.29%, males being affected more than females, with suboptimal immunization history. Children aged between 12 – 24 months contributed the highest (34.62%) cases of PEM and most are living in rural areas with low family socio-economic status and poor breastfeeding and feeding practices. The under-five PEM case-fatality rate was 2% (1 out of 52). Conclusion In conclusion, both the prevalence and case fatality rates of under-five PEM were high, calling for appropriate interventions based on the associated factors.

scholarly journals Biochemical nutritional indicators in children with protein energy malnutrition attending Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Mishra ◽  
SP Bastola ◽  
B Jha
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: Nutrition is the science of food and its relationship to health. Nutritional status is one of the key indicators of health Nutritional status of Nepal is not satisfactory. Especially Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in Nepal is a very common problem in children under five years of age. There are number biochemical parameters which become altered during protein energy malnutrition. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to determine biochemical nutritional indicators among children suffering from PEM and to compare all biochemical parameters with well nourished children and also to determine the factors affecting PEM among children under five years. Materials and methods: The study design was cross sectional, descriptive study with control. Children between ages 6 to 59 months attending outpatient department (OPD) and wards of Kanti Children's Hospital (KCH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal were purposively selected. The sample size was calculated by using prevalence of malnutrition in Nepalese context and allowable error of 10 %, a total of 120 cases which include 60 PEM cases and 60 controls were selected. They were grouped into two groups based on whether they are above or below the 80% of 50th percentile of weight for height based on growth chart of National Centre of Health Statistics 3 (NCHS), USA. Results: The educational status of parents of children with PEM was found to be significantly less (p<0.05) as compared to their non-PEM counterparts. Occupations of parents whose children were in PEM group include mainly housewives and labourers. Larger proportions of children in our study were born at home and exact birth weights of children were not known. Most of the children are colostrum fed. Most of the children in our study were immunized. Almost equal proportion of children belonged to nuclear family type and joint family type. The mean serum glucose, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, haemoglobin was not significantly different in both groups while mean total protein, albumin, and calcium were significantly (p<0.05) low in PEM group when compared to well nourished children (control). There was significantly (p<0.05) higher incidence of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and hypocalcaemia, in PEM group when compared to control group. Conclusion: A significant proportion of children with protein energy malnutrition had altered biochemical parameters which were related to food intake and biochemical metabolism mandatory during growth and development of children less than five years of age. There was significantly higher proportion of hypoglycaemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia, hypocholesterolemia and hypocalcaemia in children with PEM when compared to normally nourished children. Key words: PEM; Biochemical nutritional indicators; anthropometry DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i2.2705 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.2 Issue 26, 129-134

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Four Selected Rural Communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2920
Author(s):  
Laurencia Govender ◽  
Kirthee Pillay ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Albert Thembinkosi Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Under- and over-nutrition co-exist as the double burden of malnutrition that poses a public health concern in countries of the developing regions, including South Africa (SA). Vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children under five years are the most affected by malnutrition, especially in rural areas. Major contributing factors of malnutrition include food and nutrition insecurity, poverty, and unhealthy lifestyles. The current study aimed to assess the nutritional status, using selected anthropometric indices and dietary intake methods (repeated 24 h recall and food frequency), of four rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal (SA). Purposive sampling generated a sample of 50 households each in three rural areas: Swayimane, Tugela Ferry, and Umbumbulu and 21 households at Fountain Hill Estate. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method was used to assess the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake. Stunting (30.8%; n = 12) and overweight (15.4%; n = 6) were prevalent in children under five years, whilst obesity was highly prevalent among adult females (39.1%; n = 81), especially those aged 16–35 years. There was a high intake of carbohydrates and a low intake of fibre and micronutrients, including vitamin A, thus, confirming the need for a food-based approach to address malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin A deficiency.

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